【摘要】：本研究以燕山北麓內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)赤峰市喀喇沁旗旺業(yè)甸為研究地點,以不同林齡人工油松林(Pinus tabulaeformis)、人工落葉松林(Larix principis-rupprechti)以及天然白樺林(Betula platyphylla)為研究對象,對不同林分近自然經(jīng)營、常規(guī)經(jīng)營和未經(jīng)營三種森林經(jīng)營方式林下枯落物層及土壤層的持水能力進(jìn)行調(diào)查分析,研究近自然經(jīng)營下對土壤和枯落物持水能力的影響,為該地區(qū)森林經(jīng)營提供一定的理論依據(jù),研究結(jié)果如下:(1)近自然經(jīng)營下的三種林型枯落物儲量高于當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ?guī)經(jīng)營,但低于未經(jīng)營。未經(jīng)營、近自然經(jīng)營、常規(guī)經(jīng)營人工油松林枯落物儲量分別為14.37t/hm2、12.76t/hm2、10.97t/hm2,人工落葉松林分別為13.48t/hm2、11.62t/hm2、10.36t/hm2,天然白樺林分別為 12.28t/hm2、9.68t/hm2、7.86t/hm2。(2)不同森林經(jīng)營方式枯落物有效攔蓄量與枯落物儲量表現(xiàn)出相同的變化趨勢,未經(jīng)營、近自然經(jīng)營、常規(guī)經(jīng)營人工油松林枯落物有效攔蓄量分別為19.54t/hm2、16.88t/h1m2、13.42t/hm2,人工落葉松林分別為23.54t/hm2、17.99t/hm2、14.70t/hm2,天然白樺林分別為 22.36t/hm2、16.27t/hm2、13.00t/hm2。(3)近自然經(jīng)營方式改善了土壤毛管孔隙狀況,三種林分類型土壤毛管孔隙度為均表現(xiàn)為近自然經(jīng)營未經(jīng)營常規(guī)經(jīng)營的趨勢。近自然經(jīng)營、未經(jīng)營、常規(guī)經(jīng)營人工油松林土壤毛管孔隙度分別為46.14%、39.51%、36.96%,人工落葉松林分別為43.81%、42.20%、40.58%,天然白樺林分別為 43.97%、42.06%、40.50%。(4)不同森林經(jīng)營方式的土壤蓄水量表現(xiàn)出與土壤毛管孔隙度相同的變化趨勢,未經(jīng)營、近自然經(jīng)營、常規(guī)經(jīng)營人工油松林土壤蓄水量為1635.78t/hm2、1495.48 t/hm2、1357.54t/hm2,人工落葉松林分別為 1758.73t/hm2、1693.64t/hm2、1568.84t/hm2,天然白樺林分別為 1767.91t/hm2、1687.39t/hm2、1571.39t/hm2。(5)林地的持水能力均為近自然經(jīng)營最好,常規(guī)經(jīng)營最差。人工油松林、人工落葉松林與天然白樺林近自然經(jīng)營總蓄水量為1662.42t/hm2、1789.39t/hm2、1594.61t/hm2,未經(jīng)營為 1526.12t/hm2、1732.35t/hm2、1717.64t/hm2,常規(guī)經(jīng)營為 1379.18t/hm2、1796.98t/hm2、1592.90 t/hm2。
[Abstract]:In this study, Wangyedian, Karaqin Banner, Chifeng City, Northern foot of Yanshan Mountain, was used as the research site, (Pinus tabulaeformis), artificial larch forest (Larix principis-rupprechti) and natural birch forest (Betula platyphylla) were used as the research objects, and the artificial larch forest (Larix principis-rupprechti) and the natural birch forest (Betula platyphylla) of different forest ages were used in this study. The water holding capacity of litter layer and soil layer were investigated and analyzed in three forest management modes, I. e., near natural management, conventional management and unmanaged forest management, and the effects of near-natural management on the water holding capacity of soil and litter were studied. The results are as follows: (1) the reserves of three types of forest litter under near-natural management are higher than that of local conventional management, but lower than that of non-management. The reserves of litter in unmanaged, near-natural, conventional artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest were 14.37 t / hm ~ (-2) / (12.76 t / hm ~ (2) / 10.97 t / hm ~ (2) and 13.48 t / hm ~ (2) / m ~ (2) and 11.62 t / m ~ (2) / 10.36 t / hm ~ (2), respectively. The natural birch forest was 12.28 t / hm ~ 2 / hm ~ (2) / 9.68 t / hm ~ (2) / 7.86 t / hm ~ (2) respectively. (2) the effective interception of litter and the storage of litter in different forest management modes showed the same changing trend. The effective storage capacity of litter in conventional artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest is 19.54 t / hm ~ (2), 16.88 t / h ~ (-1) m ~ (2) and 13.42 t / hm ~ (2), respectively, and that in artificial larch forest is 23.54 t / hm ~ (2), 17.99 t / hm ~ (2), 14.70 t / hm ~ (2), respectively. The natural birch forest was 22.36 t / hm ~ 2 / hm ~ (2) and 16.27 t / hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2) / hm ~ (2) respectively. (3) the near natural management improved the pore condition of soil capillary. The soil capillary porosity of the three forest types showed the trend of unconventional management. The porosity of soil capillary of artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest is 46.14 and 39.51and 36.96respectively, and 43.81and 42.20cm of artificial larch forest, 42.20and 40.58, respectively, in the near natural management, not in operation, and in the conventional management of artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest. The natural birch stands were 43.97 and 42.06 respectively. (4) the soil water storage of different forest management modes showed the same change trend as the soil capillary porosity. The soil water storage of conventional artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forest is 1635.78 t / hm ~ (2) / hm ~ (2) 1495.48 t / hm ~ (2) ~ (-1) 57.54 t / hm ~ (2), and that of artificial larch forest is 1758.73 t / h ~ (2) / hm ~ (2) ~ (-1) 1693.64 t / hm ~ (2) / h ~ (2), 1568.84 t / hm ~ (2), respectively. The natural birch forest was 1767.91 t / hm ~ (2) / hm ~ (2) = 1687.39 t / hm ~ (2) / hm ~ (2) = 1571.39 t / hm ~ (2) respectively. (5) the water holding capacity of forest land was the best in near-natural management and the worst in conventional management. The total volume of water stored in the natural operation of the artificial larch forest and the natural birch forest is 1662.42 t / hm ~ (2) / 1789.39 t / hm ~ (2) / 1594.61 t / hm ~ (2), and is not operated as 1 526.12 t / h ~ (2) / h ~ (2) ~ 1732.35 t / hm ~ (2) / 1717.64 t / hm ~ (2). Conventional business is 1379.18 t / hm2t / hm2n 1796.98t / hm2t / hm2r 1592.90t / hm2.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S750

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