發(fā)布時間：2018-11-27 09:27

【摘要】：國以農(nóng)為本,農(nóng)以種為先。種子作為一種重要的、活的、特殊的商品,在以農(nóng)業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)、玉米為重要糧食作物的中國,具有無法取代的作用。種子活力是種子質(zhì)量的重要綜合性指標(biāo),在玉米種用價值方面起到了關(guān)鍵作用,其高低直接影響到玉米產(chǎn)量及質(zhì)量。過去,育種家往往根據(jù)玉米田間表現(xiàn)和子粒品質(zhì)優(yōu)劣選育品種,不重視與種子活力相關(guān)性狀發(fā)芽力的選擇,常出現(xiàn)一些產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)表現(xiàn)優(yōu)良的品種,常因種子活力差造成缺苗斷壟而減產(chǎn),影響這些品種的大面積推廣。因此,研究種子活力的遺傳規(guī)律,對玉米品種的改良和增產(chǎn)增收,特別是單粒精量播種廣泛應(yīng)用的今天,具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本研究以低活力玉米自交系12-156與高活力玉米自交系PH4CV為基礎(chǔ)材料,雜交并通過玉米DH技術(shù)構(gòu)建175份DH系,以SNP分子標(biāo)記技術(shù),在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(常溫)發(fā)芽和低溫發(fā)芽條件下,定位發(fā)芽勢與發(fā)芽率QTL位點。本試驗主要獲得的成果如下:1.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)芽條件下,自交系12-156在10項種子活力性狀的表現(xiàn)均低于自交系PH4CV的表型表現(xiàn);低溫發(fā)芽條件下,自交系12-156苗鮮重高于PH4CV,其余9項指標(biāo)自交系PH4CV高于自交系12-156。所育成的DH系,在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)芽條件下,10項種子活力性狀指標(biāo)均值均介于父母本之間;低溫發(fā)芽條件下苗干重、苗鮮重、苗長和發(fā)芽勢等4項種子活力性狀指標(biāo)的均值均超過雙親,表現(xiàn)為超親本現(xiàn)象。2.利用56KSNP芯片進(jìn)行基因型分析,篩選后保留5077個SNP的玉米遺傳連鎖圖,覆蓋玉米10條染色體,圖譜總長度1366.98cM,標(biāo)記平均距離0.27cM。3.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)芽條件下,對發(fā)芽勢QTL定位,共檢測到4個QTL,分布在第1、6和7染色體上,檢測到的主效QTL為2個(qsgp2和qsgp1),1個(qsgp3),1個(qsgp4);所解釋的表型變異分別為17.25%和16.04%、8.65%和10.86%。低溫脅迫條件下,對DH群體的發(fā)芽勢進(jìn)行QTL定位,共檢測到1個QTL(qltgp1),位于第10染色體上,所解釋的表型變異為6.67%。4.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)芽條件下對發(fā)芽率QTL定位,未檢測到QTL;低溫脅迫條件下對發(fā)芽率QTL定位,共檢測到1個QTL(qltgr1),位于第6染色體上,所解釋的表型變異為7.75%。
[Abstract]:The country is based on agriculture, and farming is the first. As an important, living and special commodity, seed plays an irreplaceable role in China, which is based on agriculture and corn as an important food crop. Seed vigor is an important comprehensive index of seed quality, which plays a key role in maize seed use value, which directly affects the yield and quality of maize. In the past, breeders used to select varieties based on their field performance and grain quality. They did not attach importance to the selection of germinating ability related to seed vigor, and some varieties with good yield and quality often appeared. Because of the lack of seedling and ridging, the seed vigor often reduces the yield, which affects the popularization of these varieties in a large area. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the genetic law of seed vigor for the improvement of maize varieties and the increase of yield and income, especially for the wide application of single seed precision seeding today. In this study, the low vigor maize inbred line 12-156 and the high vigor maize inbred line PH4CV were used as the basic materials, and 175 DH lines were constructed by maize DH technique. SNP molecular marker technique was used to germinate under standard (normal temperature) and low temperature germination conditions. Location of QTL site of germination potential and germination rate. The main results of this experiment are as follows: 1. Under standard germination conditions, inbred lines 12-156 showed lower phenotype than inbred lines PH4CV in 10 seed vigor traits. Under the condition of low temperature germination, the seedling fresh weight of inbred line 12-156 was higher than that of inbred line 12-156 in other 9 indexes of PH4CV,. Under the standard germination condition, the average values of the 10 seed vigor traits of the DH lines were between parents. The mean values of seedling dry weight, seedling fresh weight, seedling length and germination potential were higher than those of their parents under low temperature germination condition. 2. The genetic linkage map of 5077 SNP was retained by 56KSNP microarray, covering 10 chromosomes of maize. The total length of the map was 1366.98 cm, and the average marker distance was 0.27cM.3. Under the standard germination condition, four QTL, were detected on chromosome 1, 6 and 7, and the main QTL detected were 2 (qsgp2 and qsgp1), 1 (qsgp3) and 1 (qsgp4). The phenotypic variations explained were 17.25% and 16.04%, 8.65% and 10.86%, respectively. Under low temperature stress, the germination potential of DH population was mapped by QTL, and a QTL (qltgp1) was detected, which was located on chromosome 10. The phenotypic variation explained was 6.67g. 4. One QTL (qltgr1) was detected on chromosome 6, and the phenotypic variation was 7.7575.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513

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本文編號：2360220