【摘要】：本研究在對25份番茄砧木材料進(jìn)行氮素利用能力鑒定評價(jià)基礎(chǔ)上,選擇不同氮素利用能力的砧木進(jìn)行嫁接栽培,測試不同砧木嫁接番茄在不同施氮水平下的生長發(fā)育、產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)、光能利用特性及氮代謝差異,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.不同供氮水平條件下,25份番茄砧木材料的株高、莖粗、根、莖、葉干重、含氮量等均存在顯著差異,其氮吸收量、氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力和氮素利用效率也顯著不同,以番茄砧木氮素利用效率為統(tǒng)計(jì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行聚類分析表明,3個(gè)供氮水平下均可將供試番茄砧木氮利用效率分為高、中、低3類,且在中氮、低氮水平下的聚類結(jié)果一致,但高氮水平下的聚類結(jié)果顯示高氮利用效率的材料顯著增加,以氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力和氮吸收量為統(tǒng)計(jì)參數(shù)聚類結(jié)果與氮素利用效率基本一致。綜合分析得出,‘TMS-150’材料的氮素利用能力較強(qiáng),‘0301111’和‘影武者’材料的氮素利用能力較弱,其他材料居中。2.不同砧木嫁接番茄生長量、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)均比接穗‘金棚1號(hào)’自根苗有所提高。以‘TMS-150’、‘0301111’為砧木的嫁接番茄單果重分別比自根苗提高了53.64%、26.58%,單株產(chǎn)量分別提高了45.46%、24.68%,嫁接番茄果實(shí)可溶性糖、Vc等含量也顯著高于自根苗。番茄株高、莖粗、根、莖、葉、果鮮重、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均以施N 40 kg/667 m2為好,減少或增加氮肥用量均導(dǎo)致生長量、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量降低,但果實(shí)Vc、有機(jī)酸和番茄紅素含量則隨氮素用量的增加呈下降趨勢。3.嫁接番茄葉片色素含量、凈光合速率、實(shí)際光化學(xué)效率、最大光化學(xué)效率均較自根苗顯著提高,但低溫季節(jié)均呈下降趨勢,尤以1月份較低;番茄葉片Pn和Gs的日變化均呈單峰曲線變化。氮肥處理番茄葉片色素含量、光合速率和熒光參數(shù)值均以施N 40 kg/667 m2最高,減施或過量施氮均導(dǎo)致光合利用能力下降。N20、N40、N60光合參數(shù)Pn和Gs的日變化呈單峰曲線,而N0的Pn和Gs呈雙峰曲線,出現(xiàn)光合“午休”。4.嫁接番茄葉片的GS、GOGAT、GDH活性增強(qiáng),硝態(tài)氮、銨態(tài)氮、游離氨基酸態(tài)氮、蛋白氮含量增加,均以氮素利用能力較強(qiáng)的砧木‘TMS-150’嫁接苗較高,氮素利用能力較弱的‘0301111’嫁接苗次之,自根苗較低;氮代謝關(guān)鍵酶活性隨生長季節(jié)變化而不同,低溫季節(jié)較低,但氮代謝關(guān)鍵組分含量則隨生長的進(jìn)行逐漸升高。氮代謝關(guān)鍵酶活性和關(guān)鍵組分含量均隨氮素用量的增加而增加,以施N 40 kg/667 m2為好,繼續(xù)增加至60 kg/667 m2則表現(xiàn)下降。5.不同砧木嫁接提高了番茄的氮素利用能力,植株根、莖、葉含氮量、氮吸收量、氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力、氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)效率和氮肥利用效率均以氮素利用能力較強(qiáng)的砧木‘TMS-150’嫁接苗較高,顯著高于氮素利用能力較弱的‘0301111’嫁接苗,二者的氮吸收量分別比自根苗提高了63.77%和32.97%,氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力分別提高45.47%、25.83%,氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)效率分別提高63.35%、44.99%,氮肥利用效率分別提高37.36%、21.04%。番茄氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力、氮肥農(nóng)學(xué)效率和氮肥利用效率隨氮素用量的增加而下降,但植株根、莖、葉含氮量、氮吸收量則以施N 40 kg/667 m2較好。
[Abstract]:On the basis of the identification and evaluation of the nitrogen utilization ability of the 25 tomato stock materials, the rootstock with different nitrogen utilization capability is selected to be grafted and cultivated, and the growth and development and the yield quality of the different stock grafting tomatoes under different nitrogen application levels are tested, The light energy utilization characteristics and the nitrogen metabolism difference, the main results are as follows: 1. Under the condition of different nitrogen supply levels, there were significant differences in the plant height, stem size, root, stem, leaf dry weight and nitrogen content of 25 tomato stock materials, and the nitrogen uptake, the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and the nitrogen utilization efficiency were also significantly different. The results of cluster analysis of the nitrogen use efficiency of tomato stock showed that the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the test tomato stock can be divided into high, middle and low 3 classes at the three nitrogen supply levels, and the results of the clustering of the nitrogen and low nitrogen in the middle and low nitrogen levels are the same. The results showed that the nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen uptake were the same as the nitrogen utilization efficiency. in a comprehensive analysis, TMS-150 'the nitrogen utilization ability of the material is strong, No. 0301111' and a photo of a martial artist. the nitrogen utilization ability of the material is weak, and other materials are in the middle. The growth, yield and quality of the grafted tomato in different rootstocks were higher than that of the cion. Gold shed No. 1 'and the self-rooted seedlings are improved. to TMS-150', No. 0301111 'The single fruit weight of the grafted tomato was 53. 64%, 26. 58%, respectively. The yield of single plant was increased by 45. 46%, 24. 68%, and the content of soluble sugar and Vc of the grafted tomato was significantly higher than that of the root. The content of tomato strain, stem, root, stem, leaf, fruit, soluble sugar and soluble protein was 40 kg/ 667m2, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar decreased, but the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar decreased, but the fruit Vc, The content of organic acid and lycopene decreased with the increase of nitrogen content. The pigment content, net photosynthetic rate, actual photochemical efficiency and maximum photochemical efficiency of the grafted tomato were higher than that of the root, but the low temperature season showed a downward trend, especially in January. The diurnal variation of Pn and Gs of tomato leaves showed a unimodal curve. The content of the pigment, the photosynthetic rate and the fluorescence parameter of the tomato leaf were the highest with the application of N 40kg/ 667m2, and the decrease of the photosynthetic utilization ability was caused by the application of N 40kg/ 667m2. The diurnal variation of Pn and Gs of N20, N40 and N60 showed a unimodal curve, while the Pn and Gs of N0 showed a double-peak curve, and the photosynthetic 鈥渘oon break鈥，

本文編號(hào)：2350985