本文選題：長柄扁桃 + 嫩枝��； 參考：《中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：長柄扁桃(Amygdalus pedunculata)是我國西北干旱、半干旱地區(qū)特有的木本油料資源植物,具有抗寒耐旱、防風固沙等優(yōu)良特性,花色艷麗,觀賞性強,具有較高的生態(tài)及經(jīng)濟價值,在改善區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境和促進地方經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中具有重要作用。當前,長柄扁桃的苗木生產(chǎn)以播種繁殖為主,然而,該種繁殖方式存在后代性狀分化等問題,此外,長柄扁桃自然條件下結(jié)實率低、優(yōu)良種源采集困難,導(dǎo)致播種繁殖不能滿足長柄扁桃產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展要求。為實現(xiàn)對長柄扁桃優(yōu)良無性系種源的保存和規(guī)�；N植,本研究以長柄扁桃當年生半木質(zhì)化嫩枝為試驗材料,通過研究扦插基質(zhì)、植物生長調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)種類及濃度、插穗類型、插穗處理時間及溫室大棚和全光噴霧條件下插穗生根和生長狀況,篩選出最佳的扦插育苗處理組合;在此基礎(chǔ)上,深入研究插穗生根過程中內(nèi)源激素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)含量及過氧化物酶(POD)活性的動態(tài)變化,初步揭示長柄扁桃扦插生根的生理機制。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)IBA(吲哚丁酸)處理下,長柄扁桃嫩枝扦插以混合生根型為主(58.0%),其次為愈傷組織生根型(28.3%)和皮部生根型(10.8%)。IBA處理能顯著提高插穗生根速率,扦插6 d時,根原基開始萌動,插穗基部膨大,6~12 d為不定根形成期,12~26 d為插穗的生根高峰期,26~40 d根系不斷生長并發(fā)育成熟。試驗表明,4個因子對長柄扁桃嫩枝扦插生根影響的大小順序依次為:植物生長調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)種類插穗類型植物生長調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)濃度處理時間。以V(珍珠巖):V(草炭)=3:1混合基質(zhì)為扦插基質(zhì),采用上部插穗在1500 mg·L-1 IBA中處理10 s,為長柄扁桃嫩枝扦插的最佳處理組合,在該處理下,全光噴霧和溫室大棚兩種扦插育苗系統(tǒng)均可獲得較高的扦插生根率(分別為98.67%和97.8%),并且插穗根系質(zhì)量良好,能滿足長柄扁桃規(guī)�；げ逵绲囊�。(2)長柄扁桃插穗生根過程中,玉米素核苷(ZR)和赤霉素(GA3)含量在不定根形成期升高,對插穗生根有利;吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量和IAA/ABA值與插穗的生根能力呈正相關(guān),而脫落酸(ABA)含量與插穗的生根能力呈負相關(guān)。插穗內(nèi)的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白是插穗生根過程中多種生理生化反應(yīng)的能量和物質(zhì)來源,兩種物質(zhì)含量的變化趨勢與插穗生根過程對可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的需求相對應(yīng),含量升高對插穗生根有利。POD活性與插穗生根具有重要關(guān)系,在插穗生根過程中,POD活性升高有利于插穗不定根的誘導(dǎo)和形成。MDA含量與插穗的抗氧化能力和抗衰老能力呈負相關(guān),扦插前期,MDA含量升高,不定根形成期,MDA含量降低。外源激素IBA處理能調(diào)節(jié)插穗體內(nèi)的內(nèi)源激素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、MDA含量和POD活性,進而促進插穗生根。
[Abstract]:Amygdalus pedunculata) is a special woody oil resource plant in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China. It plays an important role in improving regional ecological environment and promoting local economic development. At present, seedling production of almond with long stalks is dominated by seeding and propagation. However, there are some problems such as differentiation of progeny characters in this breeding mode. In addition, the seed setting rate is low under natural conditions, and it is difficult to collect good provenances. As a result, seeding and breeding can not meet the requirements of the development of long-stalked almond industry. In order to preserve and plant the provenance of the superior clones of almond, this study studied the cuttage substrate, the species and concentration of plant growth regulators, the type of cuttings, and the type of cuttings by using the semi-lignified twigs of Almond longshanshanensis as the experimental material. On the basis of cutting treatment time, rooting and growth condition of cuttings in greenhouse and whole light spray, the best combination of cuttage breeding was selected, and the endogenous hormones, soluble protein, soluble sugar in rooting process of cuttings were studied deeply. The dynamic changes of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and peroxidase (POD) activity revealed the physiological mechanism of rooting of almond cutting. The main results were as follows: under the treatment of IBA (Indole butyric acid), the rooting rate of cuttings of Almond longshanshanensis was mainly mixed rooting type 58.0%, followed by callus rooting type 28. 3%) and bark rooting type 10. 8%. IBA treatment could significantly increase the rooting rate of cuttings. The root primordium began to germinate, and the root system grew and matured continuously at the peak of 2640 days as the adventitious root formation period was 1226 days. The results showed that the order of the effects of four factors on rooting of tender branch cuttings of almond was as follows: plant growth regulator type, plant growth regulator substance concentration treatment time. Using V (perlite: v) as cutting medium, the upper cuttings were treated in 1500 mg / L IBA for 10 s, which was the best treatment combination for the cuttings of longstalked almond twigs. High rooting rate (98.67% and 97.8%, respectively) of cuttage was obtained by two kinds of cutting seedling raising systems in greenhouse and whole light spray, and the quality of cuttage root system was good, which could meet the requirement of large-scale cuttage breeding of almond with long handle. The content of zeatin nucleoside (ZR) and gibberellin (GA _ 3) increased during adventitious root formation, which was beneficial to rooting of cuttings, and the content of IAA) and IAA / ABA were positively correlated with rooting ability of cuttings, while abscisic acid (Aba) content was negatively correlated with rooting ability of cuttings. Soluble sugar and soluble protein in cuttings are the energy and material source of many physiological and biochemical reactions in rooting process of cuttings. The change trend of the content of the two substances corresponds to the demand of soluble sugar and soluble protein in rooting process of cuttings. The increase of content of POD was beneficial to rooting of cuttings. The increase of POD activity was beneficial to the induction and formation of adventitious roots in cuttings. The content of MDA was negatively correlated with the ability of anti-oxidation and anti-senescence of cuttings. MDA content increased in early cuttage stage and decreased in adventitious root formation stage. Exogenous hormone IBA could regulate the contents of endogenous hormones, soluble sugar, soluble protein MDA and POD activity in cuttings, thus promoting rooting of cuttings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S685.99

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