基于CICQ結(jié)構(gòu)的交換機(jī)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及其實現(xiàn)研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-29 18:32
【摘要】：隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用與數(shù)據(jù)流量的不斷增長,對高性能交換設(shè)備的需求日益增加。為了實現(xiàn)高性能,交換設(shè)備通常采用基于虛擬輸出隊列(Virtual Output Queue,VOQ)的crossbar交換結(jié)構(gòu),在輸入端設(shè)置VOQ緩存隊列,既能使存儲器滿足帶寬需求,又能夠緩解隊頭阻塞問題,保持較高的交換效率。然而,VOQ結(jié)構(gòu)需要一類集中式調(diào)度算法來完成調(diào)度,交換機(jī)規(guī)模和端口數(shù)據(jù)速率的增加使得這類調(diào)度算法受到了實際限制。另一方面,輸入-交叉點(diǎn)聯(lián)合排隊(CICQ)交換結(jié)構(gòu)比VOQ結(jié)構(gòu)更具優(yōu)勢,具有解決VOQ結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)度復(fù)雜性和可擴(kuò)展性問題的潛力。CICQ交換結(jié)構(gòu)利用crossbar內(nèi)部交叉點(diǎn)緩存將輸入和輸出端口從邏輯上分離開,從本質(zhì)上實現(xiàn)了簡單的分布式調(diào)度,同時極大地緩解了傳統(tǒng)VOQ結(jié)構(gòu)的輸入和輸出沖突問題,提供更好的交換性能�；贑ICQ結(jié)構(gòu)的高性能交換機(jī)需要良好的調(diào)度算法,即具備幾個基本特性:高吞吐率、低延遲、隊列服務(wù)公平性、調(diào)度快速和易于硬件實現(xiàn)。本文主要圍繞課題“面向航電應(yīng)用的光纖通道(Fibre Channal)交換機(jī)設(shè)計”展開研究。根據(jù)航空電子系統(tǒng)對通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的高實時性、公平性能的要求,以CICQ交換結(jié)構(gòu)為研究對象,重點(diǎn)從提高交換結(jié)構(gòu)的時延性能、公平性方面進(jìn)行關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的深入研究,并完成基于CICQ結(jié)構(gòu)的4端口FC交換機(jī)的設(shè)計實現(xiàn),為后續(xù)的FC交換機(jī)芯片設(shè)計提供技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。為了驗證FC交換機(jī)的功能和性能,提出了一種能夠精確模擬真實網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量的高效流量生成方案,并設(shè)計了軟硬件協(xié)同實現(xiàn)的交換機(jī)性能驗證平臺,通過驗證平臺對FC交換機(jī)進(jìn)行了驗證測試。論文的主要工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)包括:(1)在CICQ結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)度算法研究中,針對現(xiàn)有算法無法同時滿足時延性能和公平性的問題,提出了兩種高性能的調(diào)度算法—MCQF_RR(The Most Critical Queue First-Round Robin)和IMCQF_RR(Improved Most Critical Queue First-Round Robin),并研究其在定長交換下的交換性能。仿真實驗表明,在均勻和非均勻流量下,新算法都能夠保持良好的時延性能和穩(wěn)定性,與典型的LQF_RR(Longest Queue First and Round-robin)算法相當(dāng)。通過公平性統(tǒng)計分析,MCQF_RR和IMCQF_RR采用最關(guān)鍵隊列優(yōu)先服務(wù)的策略,使得輸入隊列在不同情況下能夠保持高效服務(wù),與LQF_RR相比公平性顯著提高。(2)在變長數(shù)據(jù)包切分機(jī)制研究中,針對現(xiàn)有切分機(jī)制靈活性差和交換效率低等問題,提出了一種高效自適應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)包切分機(jī)制(Adaptive Multipacket segments,AMS)。通過實驗分析表明,CICQ結(jié)構(gòu)采用AMS切分機(jī)制,在不同的流量模型下能夠保證良好的時延性能,且明顯優(yōu)于已有方法中表現(xiàn)最好的變長多包切分機(jī)制(Variable-size Multipacket segments,VMS)。(3)在CICQ結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)度算法研究的基礎(chǔ)上,面向航空電子系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用設(shè)計了基于光纖通道協(xié)議的CICQ交換機(jī)體系結(jié)構(gòu),主要實現(xiàn)光纖通道協(xié)議中FC-0、FC-1、FC-2P層和數(shù)據(jù)包轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能。對于變長FC幀交換,由于實現(xiàn)簡單的優(yōu)點(diǎn),選擇采用定長單包切分機(jī)制完成變長幀切分。針對現(xiàn)有定長單包切分實現(xiàn)技術(shù)切分延時較大、存儲管理復(fù)雜的不足,在幀切分模塊中采用了一種新的預(yù)切分方法實現(xiàn)定長單包切分過程,達(dá)到切分時延低、數(shù)據(jù)管理簡單的目標(biāo),從而有利于提高交換結(jié)構(gòu)的整體性能。(4)在測試流量生成方案的研究中,首先分析了交換設(shè)備性能評估時常用的流量模型,并選擇合適的流量模式作為交換機(jī)測試中的測試激勵。分析現(xiàn)有流量產(chǎn)生方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),提出一種基于匯聚過程的流量生成模型,并根據(jù)此模型設(shè)計了流量生成器的架構(gòu)。利用處理器的配置靈活性和FPGA硬件的高性能,流量生成器能夠生成實時的泊松過程和自相似過程流量,而且能達(dá)到高數(shù)據(jù)速率,具有速度可擴(kuò)展性。流量的統(tǒng)計特性結(jié)果表明,基于匯聚過程的流量生成器所產(chǎn)生的流量時間序列能夠很好地模擬理想的流量模型。(5)設(shè)計并建立了軟硬件協(xié)同實現(xiàn)的交換機(jī)性能驗證平臺,對平臺的軟件部分和硬件部分分別進(jìn)行描述。將基于匯聚過程的高效流量生成器應(yīng)用于FC交換機(jī)的驗證測試過程中,產(chǎn)生近似真實網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量行為特征的測試流量�；诮粨Q機(jī)性能驗證平臺對4端口FC交換機(jī)原型進(jìn)行驗證測試,并分析了測試結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of network application and data flow, the demand for high-performance switching equipment is increasing. In order to realize the high performance, the switching equipment usually adopts the cross bar switching structure based on the virtual output queue (VOQ), and the VOQ cache queue is arranged at the input end, so that the memory can meet the bandwidth requirement, and the problem of the blocking of the queue head can be relieved, and the switching efficiency is maintained. However, the VOQ structure requires a class of centralized scheduling algorithms to complete the scheduling, and the increase in the switch size and the port data rate makes such a scheduling algorithm subject to practical limitations. On the other hand, the input-cross-point joint queuing (CICQ) switching structure is more advantageous than the VOQ structure, and has the potential to solve the problem of the scheduling complexity and the scalability of the VOQ structure. The CICQ switching structure utilizes the crossbar internal cross-point buffer to separate the input and output ports from the logic, and realizes the simple distributed scheduling from the essence, and at the same time greatly relieves the input and output conflict problems of the traditional VOQ structure and provides better switching performance. The high-performance switch based on the CICQ structure needs a good scheduling algorithm, that is, it has several basic characteristics: high throughput, low delay, fairness of queue service, rapid scheduling and easy hardware implementation. This paper focuses on the research of the "Design of Fibre Channel Switch for Avionics" of the subject. according to the requirement of high real-time and fair performance of the avionics system to the communication network, the CICQ switching structure is used as the research object, and the key technology is researched deeply from the aspects of improving the time delay performance and the fairness of the switching structure, And the design and implementation of the 4-port FC switch based on the CICQ structure are completed, and a technical basis is provided for subsequent FC switch chip design. In order to verify the function and performance of the FC switch, a high-efficiency flow generation scheme capable of accurately simulating real network traffic is proposed, and a switch performance verification platform implemented in cooperation with hardware and software is designed, and the verification test is carried out on the FC switch by the verification platform. The main work and the innovation point of the paper are as follows: (1) In the research of the scheduling algorithm of the CICQ structure, the two high-performance scheduling algorithms (The Mst Critical Queue First-Round Robin) and the IMCQF _ RR (Improvised Mst Critical Queue First-Round Robin) are proposed in the research of the scheduling algorithm of the CICQ structure. And the exchange performance under fixed-length exchange is studied. The simulation experiments show that the new algorithm can maintain good time-delay performance and stability under the uniform and non-uniform flow, and is equivalent to the typical LQF _ RR (Longest Queue First and Round-robin) algorithm. Through the fair statistical analysis, the MCQF _ RR and the IMCQF _ RR adopt the strategy of the most critical queue priority service, so that the input queue can maintain the high-efficiency service in different situations, and the fairness is obviously improved compared with the LQF _ RR. (2) In the study of variable-length packet segmentation mechanism, a high-efficiency adaptive packet segmentation mechanism (AMS) is proposed for the problems of low flexibility and low exchange efficiency of the existing segmentation mechanism. The experimental analysis shows that the CICQ structure can guarantee good time-delay performance under different flow models, and it is superior to the variable-size multi-packet segmentation (VMS) which is the best in the existing method. (3) On the basis of the research of the CICQ structure scheduling algorithm, the architecture of the CICQ switch based on the fiber channel protocol is designed for the application of the avionics system, and the FC-0, FC-1, FC-2P layer and packet forwarding function in the fiber channel protocol are mainly realized. For variable-length FC frame switching, a fixed-length single-packet segmentation mechanism is selected to complete the variable-length frame segmentation because of the simple realization. aiming at the defect that the prior fixed-length single-packet segmentation is large in delay and complex in storage management, a new pre-splitting method is adopted in the frame segmentation module to realize the fixed-length single-packet segmentation process, so that the aim of low splitting time delay and simple data management is achieved, So as to improve the overall performance of the switching structure. (4) In the research of the test flow generation scheme, firstly, the flow model used in the performance evaluation of the switching equipment is analyzed, and the appropriate flow pattern is selected as the test excitation in the switch test. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing flow generation scheme are analyzed, a flow generation model based on the convergence process is proposed, and the structure of the flow generator is designed according to the model. With the configuration flexibility of the processor and the high performance of the FPGA hardware, the flow generator can generate real-time Poisson process and self-similar process flow, and can achieve high data rate and speed and expandability. The statistical characteristic of the flow shows that the flow time series generated by the flow generator based on the convergence process can well simulate the ideal flow model. And (5) designing and establishing a switch performance verification platform implemented in cooperation with hardware and software, and respectively describing the software part and the hardware part of the platform. And the high-efficiency flow generator based on the convergence process is applied to the verification testing process of the FC switch, and the test flow of the characteristic of the real network flow behavior is generated. Based on the switch performance verification platform, the prototype of the 4-port FC switch is tested and the test results are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN915.05
本文編號：2508021
[Abstract]:With the increasing of network application and data flow, the demand for high-performance switching equipment is increasing. In order to realize the high performance, the switching equipment usually adopts the cross bar switching structure based on the virtual output queue (VOQ), and the VOQ cache queue is arranged at the input end, so that the memory can meet the bandwidth requirement, and the problem of the blocking of the queue head can be relieved, and the switching efficiency is maintained. However, the VOQ structure requires a class of centralized scheduling algorithms to complete the scheduling, and the increase in the switch size and the port data rate makes such a scheduling algorithm subject to practical limitations. On the other hand, the input-cross-point joint queuing (CICQ) switching structure is more advantageous than the VOQ structure, and has the potential to solve the problem of the scheduling complexity and the scalability of the VOQ structure. The CICQ switching structure utilizes the crossbar internal cross-point buffer to separate the input and output ports from the logic, and realizes the simple distributed scheduling from the essence, and at the same time greatly relieves the input and output conflict problems of the traditional VOQ structure and provides better switching performance. The high-performance switch based on the CICQ structure needs a good scheduling algorithm, that is, it has several basic characteristics: high throughput, low delay, fairness of queue service, rapid scheduling and easy hardware implementation. This paper focuses on the research of the "Design of Fibre Channel Switch for Avionics" of the subject. according to the requirement of high real-time and fair performance of the avionics system to the communication network, the CICQ switching structure is used as the research object, and the key technology is researched deeply from the aspects of improving the time delay performance and the fairness of the switching structure, And the design and implementation of the 4-port FC switch based on the CICQ structure are completed, and a technical basis is provided for subsequent FC switch chip design. In order to verify the function and performance of the FC switch, a high-efficiency flow generation scheme capable of accurately simulating real network traffic is proposed, and a switch performance verification platform implemented in cooperation with hardware and software is designed, and the verification test is carried out on the FC switch by the verification platform. The main work and the innovation point of the paper are as follows: (1) In the research of the scheduling algorithm of the CICQ structure, the two high-performance scheduling algorithms (The Mst Critical Queue First-Round Robin) and the IMCQF _ RR (Improvised Mst Critical Queue First-Round Robin) are proposed in the research of the scheduling algorithm of the CICQ structure. And the exchange performance under fixed-length exchange is studied. The simulation experiments show that the new algorithm can maintain good time-delay performance and stability under the uniform and non-uniform flow, and is equivalent to the typical LQF _ RR (Longest Queue First and Round-robin) algorithm. Through the fair statistical analysis, the MCQF _ RR and the IMCQF _ RR adopt the strategy of the most critical queue priority service, so that the input queue can maintain the high-efficiency service in different situations, and the fairness is obviously improved compared with the LQF _ RR. (2) In the study of variable-length packet segmentation mechanism, a high-efficiency adaptive packet segmentation mechanism (AMS) is proposed for the problems of low flexibility and low exchange efficiency of the existing segmentation mechanism. The experimental analysis shows that the CICQ structure can guarantee good time-delay performance under different flow models, and it is superior to the variable-size multi-packet segmentation (VMS) which is the best in the existing method. (3) On the basis of the research of the CICQ structure scheduling algorithm, the architecture of the CICQ switch based on the fiber channel protocol is designed for the application of the avionics system, and the FC-0, FC-1, FC-2P layer and packet forwarding function in the fiber channel protocol are mainly realized. For variable-length FC frame switching, a fixed-length single-packet segmentation mechanism is selected to complete the variable-length frame segmentation because of the simple realization. aiming at the defect that the prior fixed-length single-packet segmentation is large in delay and complex in storage management, a new pre-splitting method is adopted in the frame segmentation module to realize the fixed-length single-packet segmentation process, so that the aim of low splitting time delay and simple data management is achieved, So as to improve the overall performance of the switching structure. (4) In the research of the test flow generation scheme, firstly, the flow model used in the performance evaluation of the switching equipment is analyzed, and the appropriate flow pattern is selected as the test excitation in the switch test. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing flow generation scheme are analyzed, a flow generation model based on the convergence process is proposed, and the structure of the flow generator is designed according to the model. With the configuration flexibility of the processor and the high performance of the FPGA hardware, the flow generator can generate real-time Poisson process and self-similar process flow, and can achieve high data rate and speed and expandability. The statistical characteristic of the flow shows that the flow time series generated by the flow generator based on the convergence process can well simulate the ideal flow model. And (5) designing and establishing a switch performance verification platform implemented in cooperation with hardware and software, and respectively describing the software part and the hardware part of the platform. And the high-efficiency flow generator based on the convergence process is applied to the verification testing process of the FC switch, and the test flow of the characteristic of the real network flow behavior is generated. Based on the switch performance verification platform, the prototype of the 4-port FC switch is tested and the test results are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN915.05
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