【摘要】：由于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點能量和硬件資源受限,在諸如社區(qū)監(jiān)測等應(yīng)用中,數(shù)據(jù)包多到一及多跳匯聚傳輸模式易引起無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)局部或全局擁塞,導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸延遲增大、數(shù)據(jù)丟失,甚至網(wǎng)絡(luò)癱瘓。對網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞進行有效控制是保證無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)質(zhì)量(Quality of Service, QoS)性能、延長生命周期的關(guān)鍵手段之一。媒介訪問控制(Medium Access Control, MAC)協(xié)議處于網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議棧底層,負責(zé)管理分配傳感器節(jié)點的通信資源,直接影響著網(wǎng)絡(luò)對擁塞的響應(yīng)速度。提高MAC協(xié)議的抗擁塞能力是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究中具有挑戰(zhàn)性的研究課題之一。本文分析多跳匯聚拓撲網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)生擁塞的原因,提出和改進了MAC協(xié)議抗擁塞方法。論文的主要工作和創(chuàng)新點如下：(1)改進設(shè)計了一種基于父節(jié)點控制無線信道資源分配的擁塞緩解MAC協(xié)議(SRI-MAC):針對網(wǎng)絡(luò)中數(shù)據(jù)多到一匯聚傳輸時,子節(jié)點競爭加劇導(dǎo)致傳輸性能下降,休眠機制導(dǎo)致有效帶寬變小等造成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞問題,本協(xié)議通過父節(jié)點對無線信道資源進行分配,包含多次邀請機制和迸發(fā)傳輸機制,達到緩解擁塞的目的。仿真結(jié)果顯示,隨著負載流量增加,SRI-MAC協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)包傳遞率比S-MAC和R-MAC同。(2)提出一種基于節(jié)點自適應(yīng)競爭窗口調(diào)節(jié)策略的擁塞緩解MAC協(xié)議(CA-MAC):針對數(shù)據(jù)多跳匯聚傳輸使負載流量不均衡,負載密度逐跳變大,易引起擁塞使父節(jié)點緩存隊列溢出丟包的問題,本協(xié)議采用緩存隊列占用率檢測和擁塞趨勢度檢測結(jié)合的方法檢測擁塞,通過自適應(yīng)競爭窗口調(diào)節(jié)策略以及進發(fā)傳輸機制,緩解了擁塞。仿真結(jié)果顯示,隨數(shù)據(jù)包加載時間間隔縮小,CA-MAC的數(shù)據(jù)包傳遞率比S-MAC和RL-MAC高。(3)改進設(shè)計了一種基于相鄰節(jié)點選擇策略分流數(shù)據(jù)的擁塞緩解MAC協(xié)議(MACA-MAC):針對父節(jié)點發(fā)生擁塞無法接收數(shù)據(jù),造成其子節(jié)點數(shù)據(jù)積壓加劇擁塞的問題,本協(xié)議中,當(dāng)父節(jié)點發(fā)生擁塞時,其子節(jié)點通過相鄰節(jié)點選擇策略,從可選鄰節(jié)點列表中選擇傳輸壓力最小的節(jié)點轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù),緩解了擁塞。仿真結(jié)果顯示,隨數(shù)據(jù)包加載時間間隔縮小,MACA-MAC協(xié)議的數(shù)據(jù)包傳遞率比PW-MAC高。論文在上述研究的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了采用CC2530,芯片的測試節(jié)點,在測試節(jié)點軟硬件平臺上實現(xiàn)了本文提出和改進的MAC協(xié)議抗擁塞方法,并在實際場景中進行了組網(wǎng)驗證。實測結(jié)果表明,SRI-MAC協(xié)議的數(shù)據(jù)包傳遞率比S-MAC高,在SRI-MAC上增加自適應(yīng)競爭窗口調(diào)節(jié)策略后,其數(shù)據(jù)包傳遞率比SRI-MAC高。通過節(jié)點選擇策略進行數(shù)據(jù)分流緩解擁塞的MACA-MAC的包傳遞率比PW-MAC高。本論文所改進和提出的MAC協(xié)議抗擁塞方法,能夠緩解擁塞,提高監(jiān)測應(yīng)用中多跳匯聚網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸成功率。
[Abstract]:Due to the limited energy and hardware resources of wireless sensor network nodes, in applications such as community monitoring, the multiple to one and multi-hop convergent transmission modes can easily lead to local or global congestion in wireless sensor networks, resulting in the increase of network transmission delay. Data loss, even network paralysis. The effective control of network congestion is one of the key methods to ensure the (Quality of Service, QoS) performance and prolong the life cycle of wireless sensor networks. The media access control (Medium Access Control, MAC) protocol is located at the bottom of the network protocol stack, which is responsible for managing the communication resources of sensor nodes, which directly affects the response speed of the network to congestion. Improving the anti-congestion capability of MAC protocol is one of the challenging research topics in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, the causes of congestion in multi-hop convergent topology networks are analyzed, and the anti-congestion method of MAC protocol is proposed and improved. The main work and innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) an improved congestion mitigation MAC protocol (SRI-MAC) based on parent node controlled wireless channel resource allocation is proposed. The network congestion caused by the increase of child competition and the decrease of effective bandwidth caused by the hibernation mechanism. This protocol allocates the wireless channel resources through the parent node, which includes multiple invitation mechanism and burst transmission mechanism. To alleviate congestion. The simulation results show that, with the increase of load flow, The packet transfer rate of SRI-MAC protocol is the same as that of S-MAC and R-MAC. (2) A congestion mitigation MAC protocol (CA-MAC) based on node adaptive contention window regulation strategy is proposed. The load density is high, which is easy to cause congestion to overflow and lose packets in parent queue. This protocol adopts the combination of cache queue occupancy detection and congestion trend detection to detect congestion. The congestion is alleviated by the adaptive competition window adjustment strategy and the incoming and outgoing transmission mechanism. The simulation results show that, with the time interval of data packet loading, The packet transfer rate of CA-MAC is higher than that of S-MAC and RL-MAC. (3) A congestion mitigation MAC protocol (MACA-MAC) based on neighbor node selection strategy is designed. In this protocol, when the parent node is congested, the child node selects the node with the lowest transmission pressure from the list of optional neighbor nodes to forward the data through the selection strategy of adjacent nodes. The congestion was alleviated. The simulation results show that the packet transfer rate of MACA-MAC protocol is higher than that of PW-MAC. Based on the above research, the paper designs the test node using CC2530, chip, and implements the proposed and improved MAC protocol anti-congestion method on the hardware and software platform of the test node, and carries on the network verification in the actual scene. The experimental results show that the packet transfer rate of SRI-MAC protocol is higher than that of S-MAC, and the packet transfer rate of SRI-MAC protocol is higher than that of SRI-MAC when the adaptive competition window adjustment strategy is added to SRI-MAC. The packet transfer rate of MACA-MAC with node selection strategy is higher than that of PW-MAC. The improved and proposed anti-congestion method of MAC protocol in this paper can alleviate congestion and improve the success rate of multi-hop convergence network data transmission in monitoring applications.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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本文編號：2425884