基于視場一致性的多波段共口徑成像系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-17 09:19
【摘要】：由于目標(biāo)在不同光譜波段表現(xiàn)的光學(xué)特征有較大差異,因而可以利用多波段來獲得更加精確全面的信息,實現(xiàn)全天候、寬覆蓋、高分辨率的目標(biāo)偵察。多波段成像系統(tǒng)的宗旨是融合各波段圖像的特征信息,以便對目標(biāo)進(jìn)行綜合分析。這就要求各波段的探測器在同一時刻對同一目標(biāo)成像,即各波段圖像的像素之間需要在空間上嚴(yán)格的對準(zhǔn),或者說各波段視場應(yīng)一致。在一定程度上,視場之間的偏差越大,圖像配準(zhǔn)過程中搜索范圍就越大,也就是說配準(zhǔn)的運算量就越大。為了增強系統(tǒng)的實時性,降低圖像融合的計算量,在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計階段考慮多種因素以提高視場的一致性是非常必要的。論文將視場一致性作為評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn),綜合考慮裝校誤差、結(jié)構(gòu)變形、溫度變化等因素的影響,運用有限元分析、拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化、無熱化和熱補償?shù)燃夹g(shù)手段,完成了多波段共口徑成像系統(tǒng)的樣機研制與結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)。具體研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)概述多波段成像系統(tǒng)的使用環(huán)境和技術(shù)指標(biāo);介紹光學(xué)系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)及三路光學(xué)子系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方案;分析各個光學(xué)子系統(tǒng)的成像質(zhì)量;設(shè)計出成像系統(tǒng)的總體機械結(jié)構(gòu),包括三路凸輪調(diào)焦機構(gòu)、反射鏡支撐結(jié)構(gòu)和棱鏡固定結(jié)構(gòu);在此基礎(chǔ)上,研制出多波段成像系統(tǒng)的原理樣機;完成樣機的常溫穩(wěn)定性實驗、高低溫儲存實驗和高溫工作實驗,實驗表明:樣機的三路光學(xué)子系統(tǒng)之間存在視場偏移,超出了技術(shù)指標(biāo)要求,需要進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)。(2)分析成像系統(tǒng)中主要光學(xué)元件的位置誤差對視場一致性的影響,包括棱鏡、反射鏡、透鏡組及CCD相機等;簡要說明裝校時調(diào)整反射鏡以實現(xiàn)視場偏移的誤差補償原理;進(jìn)行調(diào)焦結(jié)構(gòu)、反射鏡結(jié)構(gòu)、棱鏡結(jié)構(gòu)和總體結(jié)構(gòu)的靜力分析,結(jié)果表明:支撐架的靜力變形是影響視場一致性的主要因素,因此需要提高支撐架的結(jié)構(gòu)剛度;完成調(diào)焦結(jié)構(gòu)、反射鏡結(jié)構(gòu)、棱鏡結(jié)構(gòu)和總體結(jié)構(gòu)的熱變形分析,得出結(jié)論:反射鏡結(jié)構(gòu)的熱變形引起的視場偏移最為顯著,擬采用無熱化、熱補償?shù)燃夹g(shù)手段加以改善。(3)提出一種以視場一致性為目標(biāo)函數(shù)的拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化方法,具體步驟包括:首先,確定目標(biāo)函數(shù)、優(yōu)化約束以及設(shè)計空間;其次,分別建立光軸和反射鏡的偏轉(zhuǎn)角方程,依據(jù)平方和加權(quán)法,構(gòu)造出視場偏移的總目標(biāo)函數(shù);最后,實施拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化,并根據(jù)優(yōu)化結(jié)果,提取適合加工的支撐結(jié)構(gòu)拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化模型,迭代曲線表明整個拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化過程是收斂的;對拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化模型進(jìn)行尺寸優(yōu)化,以進(jìn)一步提高支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的性能,仿真表明:尺寸優(yōu)化后的支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的變形所引起的視場偏移量約為0.5和0.7個像素;與原始結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對比分析,可知優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)的視場偏移減小了約50%~60%;分析云臺的俯仰運動對視場一致性的影響,得出俯仰運動會惡化視場一致性的結(jié)論。(4)對原始結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行熱力耦合分析,獲得+35°C均勻溫升下可見和紫外反射鏡的面型精度RMS值分別為599.5nm和366.7nm,超出了技術(shù)指標(biāo)要求;為了提高反射鏡面型精度,決定采用粘接的方式固定反射鏡,并通過調(diào)節(jié)膠層厚度實現(xiàn)反射鏡結(jié)構(gòu)的無熱化;改進(jìn)反射鏡結(jié)構(gòu)的材料和連接方式,以進(jìn)一步提高反射鏡得面型精度,同時也利于實現(xiàn)視場偏移的熱補償,分析表明:RMS值約為107.2nm和64.34nm,基本滿足要求;闡述反射鏡結(jié)構(gòu)的熱補償原理;進(jìn)行不同溫度下光機結(jié)構(gòu)的熱變形分析,獲得光軸和反射鏡的偏轉(zhuǎn)角數(shù)據(jù),擬合出偏轉(zhuǎn)角與溫度的關(guān)系曲線;估算出能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)熱補償?shù)姆瓷溏R結(jié)構(gòu)中墊片的熱膨脹系數(shù),并通過仿真對比,最終確定墊片的材料組合;改造樣機,完成熱補償實驗,結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)歷多次高低溫后,可見視場的偏移量約穩(wěn)定在(-2,2)像素,高溫工作過程中的偏移量約為(-4,3)像素,低溫工作時的偏移量約為(-2,5)像素,均滿足技術(shù)要求,達(dá)到了預(yù)期目的。
[Abstract]:Due to the large difference of the optical characteristics of the target in different spectral bands, the multi-band can be utilized to obtain more accurate and comprehensive information, and the target reconnaissance of all-weather, wide coverage and high resolution can be realized. The purpose of the multi-band imaging system is to fuse the characteristic information of each wave band image so as to make a comprehensive analysis of the target. this requires the detectors of the respective bands to image the same target at the same time, i. e., there is a need for strict alignment between the pixels of each band image, or the field of view of each band should be consistent. To some extent, the greater the deviation between the field of view, the greater the search range in the image alignment process, that is, the greater the computation of the alignment. In order to enhance the real-time performance of the system, it is necessary to consider various factors to improve the consistency of the field of view in the design stage of the structure. In this paper, the field-of-view consistency is used as the evaluation criterion, and the influence of the correction error, the structure deformation and the temperature change is comprehensively considered, and the development and the structure improvement of the multi-band co-aperture imaging system are completed by means of the technical means such as finite element analysis, topology optimization, non-thermalization and thermal compensation. The specific research contents are as follows: (1) The use environment and technical index of the multi-band imaging system are summarized; the overall structure of the optical system and the design scheme of the three-way optical subsystem are introduced; the imaging quality of each optical subsystem is analyzed; the overall mechanical structure of the imaging system is designed, comprises a three-way cam focusing mechanism, a reflecting mirror supporting structure and a prism fixing structure, on the basis of which, a principle prototype of a multi-band imaging system is developed, and the normal temperature stability experiment, the high and low temperature storage experiment and the high-temperature working experiment of the prototype are finished, and the experiments show that: There is a field-of-view offset between the three-way optical sub-system of the prototype, which exceeds the technical index requirement and needs to be improved. (2) analyzing the influence of the position error of the main optical element in the imaging system on the consistency of the field of view, The static analysis of the prism structure and the overall structure shows that the static deformation of the support frame is the main factor which influences the field of view, and therefore it is necessary to improve the structural rigidity of the support frame; to complete the thermal deformation analysis of the focusing structure, the mirror structure, the prism structure and the overall structure, It is concluded that the offset of the field of view caused by the thermal deformation of the mirror structure is the most significant, and it is proposed to adopt the technical means of non-thermalization, thermal compensation and so on. (3) a topological optimization method based on the field-of-view consistency as a target function is proposed, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, determining a target function, an optimization constraint and a design space; secondly, respectively establishing a deflection angle equation of an optical axis and a reflector, and finally, carrying out topology optimization, and extracting a support structure topology optimization model suitable for processing according to the optimization result, wherein the iteration curve shows that the whole topology optimization process is convergent; and the topological optimization model is subjected to size optimization, In order to further improve the performance of the support structure, the simulation shows that the field-of-view offset caused by the deformation of the support structure after the size optimization is about 0.5 and 0.7 pixels, and compared with the original structure, it can be seen that the field-of-view offset of the support structure is reduced by about 50% to 60%; The effect of the pitching motion on the consistency of the field of view is analyzed, and the conclusion that the pitching motion has deteriorated the field of view is obtained. and (4) carrying out thermal coupling analysis on the original structure, obtaining the surface-type precision RMS value of the visible and the ultraviolet reflecting mirror at the temperature of + 35 DEG C and the surface-type precision RMS value of 595.5nm and 366.7nm, respectively, and exceeding the technical index requirement; in order to improve the surface-type precision of the reflecting mirror, and the material and the connection mode of the reflector structure are improved, so that the surface-type precision of the reflector is further improved, and the thermal compensation of the field-of-view offset is also facilitated, and the analysis shows that the RMS value is about 107.2nm and 643.34nm, which basically meets the requirements; the thermal compensation principle of the reflecting mirror structure is described, the thermal deformation analysis of the optical machine structure at different temperatures is carried out, the deflection angle data of the optical axis and the reflecting mirror are obtained, the relation curve of the deflection angle and the temperature is fitted, the thermal expansion coefficient of the gasket in the mirror structure capable of realizing heat compensation can be estimated, and through simulation comparison, the material combination of the gasket is finally determined; the prototype is modified, and the thermal compensation experiment is finished; and the result shows that the offset of the visible field of view is about (-2, 2) pixels after a plurality of high and low temperature, and the offset in the high-temperature working process is about (-4, 3) pixels, The offset of the low-temperature operation is about (-2,5) pixels, all of which meet the technical requirements and achieve the intended purpose.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機械與物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.41
本文編號：2337272
[Abstract]:Due to the large difference of the optical characteristics of the target in different spectral bands, the multi-band can be utilized to obtain more accurate and comprehensive information, and the target reconnaissance of all-weather, wide coverage and high resolution can be realized. The purpose of the multi-band imaging system is to fuse the characteristic information of each wave band image so as to make a comprehensive analysis of the target. this requires the detectors of the respective bands to image the same target at the same time, i. e., there is a need for strict alignment between the pixels of each band image, or the field of view of each band should be consistent. To some extent, the greater the deviation between the field of view, the greater the search range in the image alignment process, that is, the greater the computation of the alignment. In order to enhance the real-time performance of the system, it is necessary to consider various factors to improve the consistency of the field of view in the design stage of the structure. In this paper, the field-of-view consistency is used as the evaluation criterion, and the influence of the correction error, the structure deformation and the temperature change is comprehensively considered, and the development and the structure improvement of the multi-band co-aperture imaging system are completed by means of the technical means such as finite element analysis, topology optimization, non-thermalization and thermal compensation. The specific research contents are as follows: (1) The use environment and technical index of the multi-band imaging system are summarized; the overall structure of the optical system and the design scheme of the three-way optical subsystem are introduced; the imaging quality of each optical subsystem is analyzed; the overall mechanical structure of the imaging system is designed, comprises a three-way cam focusing mechanism, a reflecting mirror supporting structure and a prism fixing structure, on the basis of which, a principle prototype of a multi-band imaging system is developed, and the normal temperature stability experiment, the high and low temperature storage experiment and the high-temperature working experiment of the prototype are finished, and the experiments show that: There is a field-of-view offset between the three-way optical sub-system of the prototype, which exceeds the technical index requirement and needs to be improved. (2) analyzing the influence of the position error of the main optical element in the imaging system on the consistency of the field of view, The static analysis of the prism structure and the overall structure shows that the static deformation of the support frame is the main factor which influences the field of view, and therefore it is necessary to improve the structural rigidity of the support frame; to complete the thermal deformation analysis of the focusing structure, the mirror structure, the prism structure and the overall structure, It is concluded that the offset of the field of view caused by the thermal deformation of the mirror structure is the most significant, and it is proposed to adopt the technical means of non-thermalization, thermal compensation and so on. (3) a topological optimization method based on the field-of-view consistency as a target function is proposed, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, determining a target function, an optimization constraint and a design space; secondly, respectively establishing a deflection angle equation of an optical axis and a reflector, and finally, carrying out topology optimization, and extracting a support structure topology optimization model suitable for processing according to the optimization result, wherein the iteration curve shows that the whole topology optimization process is convergent; and the topological optimization model is subjected to size optimization, In order to further improve the performance of the support structure, the simulation shows that the field-of-view offset caused by the deformation of the support structure after the size optimization is about 0.5 and 0.7 pixels, and compared with the original structure, it can be seen that the field-of-view offset of the support structure is reduced by about 50% to 60%; The effect of the pitching motion on the consistency of the field of view is analyzed, and the conclusion that the pitching motion has deteriorated the field of view is obtained. and (4) carrying out thermal coupling analysis on the original structure, obtaining the surface-type precision RMS value of the visible and the ultraviolet reflecting mirror at the temperature of + 35 DEG C and the surface-type precision RMS value of 595.5nm and 366.7nm, respectively, and exceeding the technical index requirement; in order to improve the surface-type precision of the reflecting mirror, and the material and the connection mode of the reflector structure are improved, so that the surface-type precision of the reflector is further improved, and the thermal compensation of the field-of-view offset is also facilitated, and the analysis shows that the RMS value is about 107.2nm and 643.34nm, which basically meets the requirements; the thermal compensation principle of the reflecting mirror structure is described, the thermal deformation analysis of the optical machine structure at different temperatures is carried out, the deflection angle data of the optical axis and the reflecting mirror are obtained, the relation curve of the deflection angle and the temperature is fitted, the thermal expansion coefficient of the gasket in the mirror structure capable of realizing heat compensation can be estimated, and through simulation comparison, the material combination of the gasket is finally determined; the prototype is modified, and the thermal compensation experiment is finished; and the result shows that the offset of the visible field of view is about (-2, 2) pixels after a plurality of high and low temperature, and the offset in the high-temperature working process is about (-4, 3) pixels, The offset of the low-temperature operation is about (-2,5) pixels, all of which meet the technical requirements and achieve the intended purpose.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機械與物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.41
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