3D打印中的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-11 10:47
【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)過程一般可分為兩階段：產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和制造。它們由設(shè)計(jì)工程師和制造工程師來分別負(fù)責(zé),于是逐步形成了“我負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計(jì),你負(fù)責(zé)制造”的相對獨(dú)立模式。這種獨(dú)立模式下,設(shè)計(jì)與制造兩階段之間缺乏一些溝通與聯(lián)系,導(dǎo)致了最終開發(fā)產(chǎn)品存在修改多,成本高,周期長,質(zhì)量低等問題。為了避免這些問題,面向制造的設(shè)計(jì)(Design for manufacturing, DFM)模式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。DFM指在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)階段就從制造對產(chǎn)品的要求來考慮設(shè)計(jì),使所設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品具有良好的制造性能,從而避免在產(chǎn)品制造中可能會出現(xiàn)的一些成本、制造和質(zhì)量等問題。3D打印在面向制造的設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域能很好地發(fā)揮其優(yōu)勢,它被認(rèn)為是第三次工業(yè)革命的重要標(biāo)志之一。它以3D數(shù)字模型為輸入,利用可粘合、可固化等材料,通過分層打印、堆積成形的方式來生成所需產(chǎn)品,因此,它雖稱“打印”,實(shí)質(zhì)是以3D模型為基礎(chǔ)的“制造”。它有效地打通了數(shù)字化模型設(shè)計(jì)與真實(shí)產(chǎn)品制造之間的界限,將產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)與制造兩階段更緊密地關(guān)聯(lián)在一起。因此,如何發(fā)揮3D打印的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢,實(shí)現(xiàn)面向制造的設(shè)計(jì),將對促進(jìn)我國產(chǎn)品開發(fā)模式轉(zhuǎn)型、制造業(yè)升級有重要意義。在這一背景下,本文在總結(jié)3D打印中幾何計(jì)算相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對3D打印中的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化問題進(jìn)行了研究。第二章對3D打印中結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化相關(guān)研究成果,從節(jié)省材料、強(qiáng)度、穩(wěn)定性和支撐優(yōu)化等四方面進(jìn)行了分類介紹,總結(jié)分析了結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化中現(xiàn)有研究成果的一些優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足。第三章從節(jié)省材料角度出發(fā),考慮如何能在不犧牲打印物體表面質(zhì)量和滿足強(qiáng)度要求的條件下,通過結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化來減少打印材料消耗,降低打印成本。針對這一問題,我們給出一種面向體積極小的拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化算法。該算法采用傳統(tǒng)漸進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方法來優(yōu)化模型,同時根據(jù)模型力學(xué)計(jì)算所得的最大Von Mises應(yīng)力與材料允許應(yīng)力之比來引導(dǎo)模型體積減小進(jìn)化。同時,我們引入多分辨率技術(shù),由粗網(wǎng)格再到細(xì)網(wǎng)格,進(jìn)行優(yōu)化計(jì)算,有效地提高了計(jì)算效率。與現(xiàn)有其他給定結(jié)構(gòu)模式的方法相比,我們的方法所得優(yōu)化結(jié)果能更好地體現(xiàn)模型荷載受力的傳遞路徑。針對許多個人用戶設(shè)計(jì)模型所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷或強(qiáng)度問題,第四章給出一種旨在幫助個人用戶在設(shè)計(jì)模型的同時能進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)分析和優(yōu)化的方法。該方法沒有采用有較大計(jì)算代價(jià)的有限元來進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)分析,而是采用計(jì)算代價(jià)較低的截面結(jié)構(gòu)分析方法。同時我們引入骨架工具來輔助模型編輯,對編輯后的模型利用骨架來進(jìn)行截面結(jié)構(gòu)分析。根據(jù)分析結(jié)果,對模型上的脆弱區(qū)域以骨架為工具來優(yōu)化修正,以增強(qiáng)這些區(qū)域的強(qiáng)度。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該方法具有良好的實(shí)用性。最后一章對我們的工作進(jìn)行了總結(jié)和展望。
[Abstract]:The traditional product development process can be divided into two stages: product design and manufacture. They are the responsibility of the design engineer and the manufacturing engineer respectively, and a relatively independent pattern of "I am in charge of design, you are in charge of manufacturing" has evolved. In this independent mode, there is a lack of communication and connection between the two stages of design and manufacture, which leads to the problems of many modifications, high cost, long cycle and low quality in the final product development. In order to avoid these problems, the (Design for manufacturing, DFM) pattern of manufacturing-oriented design emerges as the times require. DFM refers to considering the requirements of the product in the design stage of the product, so that the designed product has good manufacturing performance. In order to avoid some possible problems in product manufacturing, such as cost, manufacturing and quality, 3D printing can give full play to its advantages in the field of manufacturing-oriented design, and it is considered as one of the important symbols of the third industrial revolution. It takes 3D digital model as input, uses materials such as adhesive and solidification to produce the required products by layering printing and stacking forming. Therefore, although it is called "printing", it is essentially "manufacturing" based on 3D model. It effectively clears the boundary between digital model design and real product manufacturing, and links the two stages of product design and manufacturing more closely. Therefore, how to give full play to the technological advantages of 3D printing and realize manufacturing oriented design will be of great significance to promote the transformation of product development mode and upgrade of manufacturing industry in China. Under this background, the structure optimization in 3D printing is studied on the basis of summarizing the research results of geometric calculation in 3D printing. In the second chapter, the related research results of structural optimization in 3D printing are classified and introduced in terms of material saving, strength, stability and support optimization, and some advantages and disadvantages of existing research results in structural optimization are summarized and analyzed. In chapter 3, from the point of view of saving materials, we consider how to reduce the consumption of printing materials and reduce the cost of printing by optimizing the structure without sacrificing the surface quality of printed objects and meeting the requirements of strength. In order to solve this problem, we propose a topology optimization algorithm for minimal volume. The model is optimized by the traditional evolutionary structural optimization method, and the model volume reduction is guided by the ratio of the maximum Von Mises stress to the allowable stress of the material calculated by the model mechanics. At the same time, we introduce multi-resolution technology, from coarse grid to fine grid, to optimize the calculation, which effectively improves the efficiency of calculation. Compared with other existing methods for given structural modes, the optimization results obtained by our method can better reflect the load transfer path of the model. In order to solve the structural defects or strength problems caused by many individual user design models, a method is proposed in chapter 4 to help individual users to analyze and optimize the model at the same time. In this method, the finite element method with high computational cost is not used for structural analysis, but the section structure analysis method with lower computational cost is used. At the same time, we introduce skeleton tool to assist model editing, and use skeleton to analyze cross-section structure of the edited model. According to the analysis results, the skeleton is used as a tool to optimize and modify the fragile regions in the model to enhance the strength of these regions. The experimental results show that this method has good practicability. The last chapter summarizes and prospects our work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.73
本文編號：2324608
[Abstract]:The traditional product development process can be divided into two stages: product design and manufacture. They are the responsibility of the design engineer and the manufacturing engineer respectively, and a relatively independent pattern of "I am in charge of design, you are in charge of manufacturing" has evolved. In this independent mode, there is a lack of communication and connection between the two stages of design and manufacture, which leads to the problems of many modifications, high cost, long cycle and low quality in the final product development. In order to avoid these problems, the (Design for manufacturing, DFM) pattern of manufacturing-oriented design emerges as the times require. DFM refers to considering the requirements of the product in the design stage of the product, so that the designed product has good manufacturing performance. In order to avoid some possible problems in product manufacturing, such as cost, manufacturing and quality, 3D printing can give full play to its advantages in the field of manufacturing-oriented design, and it is considered as one of the important symbols of the third industrial revolution. It takes 3D digital model as input, uses materials such as adhesive and solidification to produce the required products by layering printing and stacking forming. Therefore, although it is called "printing", it is essentially "manufacturing" based on 3D model. It effectively clears the boundary between digital model design and real product manufacturing, and links the two stages of product design and manufacturing more closely. Therefore, how to give full play to the technological advantages of 3D printing and realize manufacturing oriented design will be of great significance to promote the transformation of product development mode and upgrade of manufacturing industry in China. Under this background, the structure optimization in 3D printing is studied on the basis of summarizing the research results of geometric calculation in 3D printing. In the second chapter, the related research results of structural optimization in 3D printing are classified and introduced in terms of material saving, strength, stability and support optimization, and some advantages and disadvantages of existing research results in structural optimization are summarized and analyzed. In chapter 3, from the point of view of saving materials, we consider how to reduce the consumption of printing materials and reduce the cost of printing by optimizing the structure without sacrificing the surface quality of printed objects and meeting the requirements of strength. In order to solve this problem, we propose a topology optimization algorithm for minimal volume. The model is optimized by the traditional evolutionary structural optimization method, and the model volume reduction is guided by the ratio of the maximum Von Mises stress to the allowable stress of the material calculated by the model mechanics. At the same time, we introduce multi-resolution technology, from coarse grid to fine grid, to optimize the calculation, which effectively improves the efficiency of calculation. Compared with other existing methods for given structural modes, the optimization results obtained by our method can better reflect the load transfer path of the model. In order to solve the structural defects or strength problems caused by many individual user design models, a method is proposed in chapter 4 to help individual users to analyze and optimize the model at the same time. In this method, the finite element method with high computational cost is not used for structural analysis, but the section structure analysis method with lower computational cost is used. At the same time, we introduce skeleton tool to assist model editing, and use skeleton to analyze cross-section structure of the edited model. According to the analysis results, the skeleton is used as a tool to optimize and modify the fragile regions in the model to enhance the strength of these regions. The experimental results show that this method has good practicability. The last chapter summarizes and prospects our work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.73
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