【摘要】：精度和可用性是衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的重要指標(biāo)。傳統(tǒng)包含5狀態(tài)變量的粗時(shí)定位方法能夠在植被遮擋、室內(nèi)等弱信號(hào)環(huán)境下利用亞毫秒偽距實(shí)現(xiàn)定位,從而提高服務(wù)可用性,然而其需要已知接收機(jī)概略位置。此外,北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)采用混合星座設(shè)計(jì),具有GEO衛(wèi)星電文速率高、廣播格網(wǎng)點(diǎn)電離層信息等特點(diǎn)。GEO衛(wèi)星的高電文速率為實(shí)現(xiàn)快速定位提供了可能,合理使用區(qū)域格網(wǎng)點(diǎn)電離層信息能有效提高單點(diǎn)定位精度。在上述背景下,論文圍繞提高衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)精度和可用性展開(kāi)研究并取得以下成果:(1)針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)廣播歷書(shū)直接擬合方法獲得歷書(shū)參數(shù)精度較低的問(wèn)題,提出基于長(zhǎng)半軸補(bǔ)償?shù)膹V播歷書(shū)改進(jìn)計(jì)算方法,通過(guò)在參數(shù)擬合時(shí)增加角速度變化量并將其轉(zhuǎn)換為長(zhǎng)半軸補(bǔ)償值的方法計(jì)算廣播歷書(shū)參數(shù)。算例表明,該方法能使歷書(shū)參數(shù)的URE由傳統(tǒng)方法的約2000米降低為優(yōu)于900米。此外,重新定義包含角速度變化量的9參數(shù)歷書(shū),能夠使URE再提高一倍以上。(2)針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)粗時(shí)定位方法需要已知接收機(jī)概略位置的問(wèn)題,提出基于偽距模糊搜索的改進(jìn)粗時(shí)定位方法和高精度時(shí)鐘輔助下的模糊搜索快速定位方法,并提出使用星間距離與最大偽距差值的關(guān)系減小搜索空間,能夠在概略位置未知時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)快速定位。算例表明,在信號(hào)捕獲后的亞毫秒偽距情況,使用IGS的mars測(cè)站L1頻點(diǎn)觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),改進(jìn)粗時(shí)定位方法的平均備選模糊組合數(shù)約為672,在1、3和5秒偏差的情況下,定位成功率分別為99.96%、99.86%和99.79%,其他測(cè)站成功率可達(dá)100%。另外,遍歷多個(gè)測(cè)站觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)表明,當(dāng)輔助時(shí)間精度優(yōu)于15微秒時(shí),能夠100%實(shí)現(xiàn)快速定位;優(yōu)于25微秒時(shí),能夠99%實(shí)現(xiàn)快速定位。(3)利用北斗系統(tǒng)中GEO衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航電文速率高、幀同步時(shí)間短的特點(diǎn),分別提出高程假設(shè)與多普勒輔助的快速定位方法,能夠在非GEO衛(wèi)星完成幀同步之前利用GEO偽距和輔助信息計(jì)算概略位置并實(shí)現(xiàn)快速定位,同時(shí)避免了GEO衛(wèi)星粗定位可能出現(xiàn)解算失敗的問(wèn)題。算例表明,在高程輔助下即使只有3顆GEO衛(wèi)星偽距可用仍可以實(shí)現(xiàn)快速定位;在有充足多普勒信息輔助的情況下即使GEO觀測(cè)偽距數(shù)小于3,也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)快速定位。(4)針對(duì)僅部分偽距可使用電離層格網(wǎng)修正時(shí)難以確定格網(wǎng)和Klobuchar模型修正后定位精度優(yōu)劣的問(wèn)題,提出基于位置精度因子PDOP比較的電離層修正方法。通過(guò)利用格網(wǎng)和Klobuchar模型可修正觀測(cè)量的PDOP構(gòu)建檢驗(yàn)量用于選擇電離層修正方法以提高定位精度。算例表明,該方法的定位精度能達(dá)到甚至略優(yōu)于格網(wǎng)和Klobuchar模型修正的較優(yōu)結(jié)果,與不進(jìn)行選擇的最壞情況相比kun1、chu1和lah1測(cè)站定位精度分別提高18.1%、16.5%和19.9%。最后,總結(jié)論文主要工作。論文研究成果已應(yīng)用于衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的各型號(hào)接收機(jī)和信號(hào)源的項(xiàng)目研制中。
[Abstract]:Precision and availability are important indexes of satellite navigation system. The traditional coarse time localization method with 5 state variables can be used to locate in the weak signal environment such as vegetation shelter and indoor so as to improve the availability of service. However it needs to know the approximate position of the receiver. In addition, Beidou satellite navigation system is designed by hybrid constellation, which has the characteristics of high GEO satellite message rate and broadcasting grid ionospheric information. The high message rate of GEO satellite makes it possible to realize fast positioning. Reasonable use of the ionospheric information of the regional grid can effectively improve the accuracy of single point positioning. Under the above background, the thesis focuses on improving the accuracy and availability of satellite navigation system and obtains the following results: (1) aiming at the problem of low precision of obtaining almanac parameters by direct fitting method of traditional broadcast almanac, An improved calculation method of broadcast almanac based on long half axis compensation is proposed. The broadcast almanac parameters are calculated by increasing the variation of angular velocity and converting it to the compensation value of long half axis when the parameters are fitted. The example shows that the URE of the almanac parameters can be reduced from about 2000 meters to better than 900m by the traditional method. In addition, the redefinition of the 9-parameter almanac, which contains the variation of angular velocity, can double the URE. (2) to solve the problem that the traditional coarse time localization method needs to know the approximate position of the receiver, An improved coarse time location method based on pseudo-range fuzzy search and a fast location method based on high precision clock are proposed. The relationship between the distance between satellites and the maximum pseudo-range difference is used to reduce the search space. Can realize the quick localization when the approximate position is unknown. Numerical examples show that in the case of sub-millisecond pseudo-range after signal acquisition, the average alternative fuzzy combination number of the improved coarse time location method is about 672 using the L1 frequency observation data of the mars station of IGS, and the deviation of 1 / 3 and 5 seconds is obtained. The success rate of location was 99.96% and 99.79% respectively, and the success rate of other stations was 100. In addition, traversing the observation data of multiple stations shows that when the precision of auxiliary time is better than 15 microseconds, the fast positioning can be achieved in 100%. When it is better than 25 microseconds, it can achieve fast positioning in 99%. (3) taking advantage of the high speed and short frame synchronization time of GEO satellite navigation message in Beidou system, the elevation hypothesis and Doppler assisted fast positioning method are put forward, respectively. It can use GEO pseudo-range and auxiliary information to calculate the approximate position and realize the fast positioning before the frame synchronization of the non-GEO satellite. At the same time, it can avoid the problem of the solution failure of the rough positioning of the GEO satellite. An example shows that even if only three GEO satellites can be used in pseudo-range, rapid positioning can be achieved. Even if the GEO observation pseudo-range is less than 3, with sufficient Doppler information, (4) aiming at the problem that it is difficult to determine the positioning accuracy after the correction of the grid and Klobuchar model when only partial pseudo-distance can be corrected by ionospheric grid, an ionospheric correction method based on the PDOP comparison of position accuracy factor is proposed. By using grid and Klobuchar model, the PDOP construction test of observational data can be modified to select the ionospheric correction method to improve the positioning accuracy. Numerical examples show that the accuracy of this method is even slightly better than that of grid and Klobuchar model modification. Compared with the worst case without selection, the positioning accuracy of kun1,chu1 and lah1 stations is increased by 18.1g, respectively. 16.5% and 19.9% respectively. Finally, the paper summarizes the main work. The research results of this paper have been applied to the development of various types of receiver and signal source of satellite navigation system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN967.1

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