拼接鏡共相檢測技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-09 07:46
【摘要】：望遠(yuǎn)鏡分辨率與大氣湍流、望遠(yuǎn)鏡口徑和觀測光波長等因素有關(guān)。若忽略大氣湍流等因素的影響,且觀測光波長一定時,為了探測到更加遙遠(yuǎn)、更加暗弱的天體,望遠(yuǎn)鏡的口徑需不斷增大。目前,拼接鏡為下一代天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡的重要發(fā)展趨勢之一;但是使用拼接鏡技術(shù)也會帶來一系列問題。其中,各子鏡間的平移誤差(piston)的檢測問題為難點之一,只有當(dāng)拼接鏡共相時,才能達(dá)到與其口徑相當(dāng)?shù)膯午R面主鏡系統(tǒng)的角分辨率。本論文針對拼接鏡共相檢測與調(diào)整進行了詳細(xì)的分析和研究,提出了利用夏克哈特曼寬帶法與雙波長檢測法相結(jié)合的共相檢測方法,并進行了驗證,取得了良好的實驗效果。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容包括:首先,根據(jù)傅里葉光學(xué)從理論上分析了拼接誤差對拼接鏡成像質(zhì)量的影響,獲得了拼接誤差與斯特爾比的關(guān)系式,并通過MATLAB軟件進行了仿真驗證。然后,針對拼接鏡平移誤差(piston)檢測問題,提出了利用夏克哈特曼寬帶檢測與雙波長檢測相結(jié)合的共相檢測方法。通過圓孔衍射理論對夏克哈特曼寬帶法與雙波長檢測法進行了理論分析。在對夏克哈特曼寬帶法理論分析中,獲得了波長選取帶寬與檢測量程之間的關(guān)系;在對雙波長檢測法理論分析中,獲得了波長選取與檢測量程的關(guān)系式,并對夏克哈特曼寬帶法與雙波長檢測法進行了MATLAB仿真驗證。同時,分析了偏心誤差、間隙誤差、探測器噪聲等對拼接鏡共相檢測的影響。最后,搭建了一套室內(nèi)拼接鏡的主動共焦共相檢測實驗光路系統(tǒng)。針對拼接鏡共焦的檢測問題,提出了一種基于干涉條紋密度和對比度對較大的離焦量和傾斜誤差進行手動調(diào)節(jié),對較小的離焦量和傾斜誤差采用主動光學(xué)技術(shù)與夏克哈特曼波前傳感器(S-H)自動調(diào)節(jié)的方法。同時,設(shè)計了一套拼接鏡的主動支撐結(jié)構(gòu),通過軟件仿真驗證了該支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的可行性,并通過所搭建的拼接鏡共焦檢測系統(tǒng),驗證了所提出的共焦檢測方法的可行性和拼接鏡支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性。本文利用主動共相技術(shù)調(diào)節(jié)拼接鏡的piston誤差,并利用條紋追蹤法計算共相檢測精度。
[Abstract]:Telescope resolution is related to atmospheric turbulence, telescope aperture and observed light wave length. If the influence of atmospheric turbulence and other factors are ignored and the wavelength of the observed light is fixed the aperture of the telescope needs to be enlarged continuously in order to detect the more distant and weaker celestial bodies. At present, splicing mirror is one of the important trends of the next generation astronomical telescope, but the use of splicing mirror technology will bring a series of problems. One of the difficulties is the detection of the translation error (piston) between the sub-mirrors. Only when the splicing mirror is in phase, can the angular resolution of the single-mirror primary mirror system with the same aperture be achieved. In this paper, the common phase detection and adjustment of splicing mirror is analyzed and studied in detail, and a new method is proposed, which combines Shakhartmann wideband method and dual wavelength detection method, and has been verified, and good experimental results have been obtained. The main research contents are as follows: firstly, according to Fourier optics, the influence of splicing error on the image quality of splicing mirror is analyzed theoretically, and the relation between splicing error and Str ratio is obtained, and the simulation results are verified by MATLAB software. Then, aiming at the problem of translation error (piston) detection of splicing mirror, a new method of co-phase detection is proposed, which combines Shackhartmann wideband detection and dual-wavelength detection. Based on the circular hole diffraction theory, the Schackhartmann wideband method and the dual wavelength detection method are theoretically analyzed. In the theoretical analysis of Shackhartmann broadband method, the relationship between wavelength selection bandwidth and detection range is obtained. In the theoretical analysis of dual-wavelength detection method, the relationship between wavelength selection and detection range is obtained, and the MATLAB simulation of Shakhartmann wideband method and dual-wavelength detection method is carried out. At the same time, the effects of eccentricity error, gap error and detector noise on the cophase detection of splicing mirror are analyzed. Finally, an experimental optical circuit system for active confocal phase detection of indoor splicing mirrors is built. Aiming at the problem of confocal detection of splicing mirror, a manual adjustment of larger defocus and tilting error based on interference fringe density and contrast is proposed. For the smaller defocus and tilting error, the active optics technique and the shakehartmann wavefront sensor (S-H) are used to adjust automatically. At the same time, a set of active support structure of splicing mirror is designed, and the feasibility of the support structure is verified by software simulation, and the confocal detection system of splicing mirror is built. The feasibility of the proposed confocal detection method and the rationality of the splicing mirror supporting structure are verified. In this paper, the active co-phase technique is used to adjust the piston error of the splicing mirror, and the accuracy of the common phase detection is calculated by using the fringe tracing method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院光電技術(shù)研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41
本文編號：2319791
[Abstract]:Telescope resolution is related to atmospheric turbulence, telescope aperture and observed light wave length. If the influence of atmospheric turbulence and other factors are ignored and the wavelength of the observed light is fixed the aperture of the telescope needs to be enlarged continuously in order to detect the more distant and weaker celestial bodies. At present, splicing mirror is one of the important trends of the next generation astronomical telescope, but the use of splicing mirror technology will bring a series of problems. One of the difficulties is the detection of the translation error (piston) between the sub-mirrors. Only when the splicing mirror is in phase, can the angular resolution of the single-mirror primary mirror system with the same aperture be achieved. In this paper, the common phase detection and adjustment of splicing mirror is analyzed and studied in detail, and a new method is proposed, which combines Shakhartmann wideband method and dual wavelength detection method, and has been verified, and good experimental results have been obtained. The main research contents are as follows: firstly, according to Fourier optics, the influence of splicing error on the image quality of splicing mirror is analyzed theoretically, and the relation between splicing error and Str ratio is obtained, and the simulation results are verified by MATLAB software. Then, aiming at the problem of translation error (piston) detection of splicing mirror, a new method of co-phase detection is proposed, which combines Shackhartmann wideband detection and dual-wavelength detection. Based on the circular hole diffraction theory, the Schackhartmann wideband method and the dual wavelength detection method are theoretically analyzed. In the theoretical analysis of Shackhartmann broadband method, the relationship between wavelength selection bandwidth and detection range is obtained. In the theoretical analysis of dual-wavelength detection method, the relationship between wavelength selection and detection range is obtained, and the MATLAB simulation of Shakhartmann wideband method and dual-wavelength detection method is carried out. At the same time, the effects of eccentricity error, gap error and detector noise on the cophase detection of splicing mirror are analyzed. Finally, an experimental optical circuit system for active confocal phase detection of indoor splicing mirrors is built. Aiming at the problem of confocal detection of splicing mirror, a manual adjustment of larger defocus and tilting error based on interference fringe density and contrast is proposed. For the smaller defocus and tilting error, the active optics technique and the shakehartmann wavefront sensor (S-H) are used to adjust automatically. At the same time, a set of active support structure of splicing mirror is designed, and the feasibility of the support structure is verified by software simulation, and the confocal detection system of splicing mirror is built. The feasibility of the proposed confocal detection method and the rationality of the splicing mirror supporting structure are verified. In this paper, the active co-phase technique is used to adjust the piston error of the splicing mirror, and the accuracy of the common phase detection is calculated by using the fringe tracing method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院光電技術(shù)研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41
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，本文編號：2319791
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