【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的低成本、易部署、智能化等特征,使之成為工業(yè)測控領(lǐng)域的重要技術(shù)。工業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks, IWSNs)采用集中控制思想,由控制器負(fù)責(zé)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信資源調(diào)度,以提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可控可管性,滿足工業(yè)應(yīng)用需求。本文針對資源集中控制的IWSNs,研究了工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中控制與轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)分離的資源調(diào)度模式,以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)層和數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層的資源調(diào)度算法。本文的主要成果和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下：提出了IWSNs集中式資源調(diào)度協(xié)議。本文研究了IWSNs中控制平面的邏輯控制功能、數(shù)據(jù)平面的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)過程、協(xié)議棧的跨層調(diào)度、網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源抽象及調(diào)度策略。基于時(shí)分多址接入,本文采用空閑信道評估機(jī)制區(qū)分控制通道和數(shù)據(jù)通道,實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)隙級的控制與轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)分離,并設(shè)計(jì)了IWSNs集中式資源跨層調(diào)度協(xié)議。實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了IWSNs端到端傳輸時(shí)延和數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸成功率等性能優(yōu)勢,并與傳統(tǒng)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了對比。提出了基于資源感知的路由圖生成算法。工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義IWSNs網(wǎng)絡(luò)層采用圖路由協(xié)議。本文針對廣播、上行、下行三種通信模式,設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的路由圖生成算法。路由圖生成算法通過對網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的感知,考慮多個(gè)度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和不同路由容錯(cuò)機(jī)制計(jì)算路徑度量,基于路徑度量結(jié)果和服務(wù)質(zhì)量需求,控制器進(jìn)行路徑選擇并生成路由圖。本文仿真分析了鏈路丟包率對基于資源感知的路由圖生成算法性能的影響,驗(yàn)證了該算法在數(shù)據(jù)包接收率和網(wǎng)絡(luò)開銷上的性能優(yōu)勢。提出了基于時(shí)隙重用的多路徑傳輸資源調(diào)度算法。多路徑傳輸導(dǎo)致通信所需的資源增加。為了提高通信資源的利用率,本文采用時(shí)隙重用的優(yōu)化調(diào)度策略,基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的路徑選擇,分配無沖突的節(jié)點(diǎn)共享通信資源。基于該調(diào)度優(yōu)化策略,本文通過路徑樹的建立、遍歷和優(yōu)化進(jìn)行時(shí)隙調(diào)度,提出了基于時(shí)隙重用的多路徑傳輸資源調(diào)度算法。仿真證明,該算法在不影響數(shù)據(jù)包接收率性能的同時(shí),減少了通信所需的時(shí)隙資源。提出了基于多約束條件的時(shí)延優(yōu)化資源調(diào)度算法。IWSNs標(biāo)準(zhǔn)支持跳頻技術(shù),控制器需要進(jìn)行時(shí)隙頻率的雙重調(diào)度。本文通過公式化描述時(shí)隙頻率的雙重調(diào)度問題,理論分析頻率數(shù)目不限和受限兩種情況下完成數(shù)據(jù)包傳輸?shù)淖钚r(shí)隙數(shù)目,以網(wǎng)絡(luò)層路徑選擇和鏈路層無沖突調(diào)度作為多約束條件,分別設(shè)計(jì)了兩種情況下基于數(shù)據(jù)包調(diào)度的時(shí)延優(yōu)化資源調(diào)度算法。該算法較基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)調(diào)度的啟發(fā)式調(diào)度算法具有更好的靈活性和可擴(kuò)展性。仿真對比理論最小值,分析了時(shí)延優(yōu)化調(diào)度算法和啟發(fā)式調(diào)度算法的性能。
[Abstract]:The low cost, easy deployment and intelligent characteristics of wireless sensor network make it an important technology in the field of industrial measurement and control. The industrial wireless sensor network (Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks, IWSNs) adopts the centralized control idea and the controller is responsible for the network communication resource scheduling to improve the controllability of the network and to meet the needs of industrial applications. In this paper, the resource scheduling mode, which is separated from control and forwarding in industrial network, and the resource scheduling algorithm of network layer and data link layer are studied for IWSNs, with centralized resource control. The main achievements and innovations of this paper are as follows: IWSNs centralized resource scheduling protocol is proposed. This paper studies the logical control function of the control plane in IWSNs, the data forwarding process in the data plane, the cross-layer scheduling of the protocol stack, the abstraction of network resources and the scheduling strategy. Based on time-division multiple access (TDMA), this paper uses the idle channel evaluation mechanism to distinguish control channel from data channel, realizes the separation of control and forwarding at slot level, and designs a centralized IWSNs resource cross-layer scheduling protocol. The performance advantages of IWSNs end-to-end transmission delay and packet transmission success rate are analyzed experimentally and compared with traditional wireless sensor networks. A resource aware routing graph generation algorithm is proposed. Industry standard defines that IWSNs network layer adopts graph routing protocol. In this paper, the corresponding routing graph generation algorithm is designed for three communication modes: broadcast, uplink and downlink. Routing graph generation algorithm computes path metrics by perceiving network resources and considering multiple metrics and different routing fault-tolerant mechanisms. Based on path measurement results and QoS requirements, the controller selects paths and generates routing diagrams. In this paper, the effect of link packet loss rate on the performance of resource-aware routing graph generation algorithm is simulated and analyzed, and the performance advantages of the algorithm in packet reception rate and network overhead are verified. A multipath transmission resource scheduling algorithm based on slot reuse is proposed. Multipath transmission results in increased resource requirements for communications. In order to improve the utilization of communication resources, the optimal scheduling strategy of slot reuse is adopted in this paper, and the path selection based on network layer is used to allocate non-conflicting nodes to share communication resources. Based on the scheduling optimization strategy, this paper proposes a multipath transmission resource scheduling algorithm based on slot reuse by establishing, traversing and optimizing the path tree. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm does not affect the performance of packet reception rate and reduces the time slot resources required for communication. A time-delay optimal resource scheduling algorithm based on multi-constraints. IWSNs standard supports frequency-hopping technology. The controller needs dual scheduling of time-slot frequency. In this paper, we analyze the minimum number of time slots for packet transmission in the case of unlimited frequency and limited frequency by formulating the dual scheduling problem of slot frequency. Based on network layer path selection and link layer conflict free scheduling as multiple constraints, the delay optimization resource scheduling algorithms based on packet scheduling are designed respectively. This algorithm is more flexible and extensible than the heuristic scheduling algorithm based on network node scheduling. The performance of the delay optimal scheduling algorithm and the heuristic scheduling algorithm are analyzed by comparing the theoretical minimum.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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