發(fā)布時間：2018-08-20 19:51

【摘要】：隨著人們對通信速度和容量需求的高速增長,光通信技術(shù)以其高速率,大容量,低功耗的優(yōu)勢形成了蓬勃發(fā)展的局面。為了追求更大的傳輸容量和帶寬,多種復(fù)用技術(shù)如波分復(fù)用(WDM)、時分復(fù)用(TDM)、偏振復(fù)用(PDM)、空分復(fù)用(SDM)等,被學(xué)術(shù)界和產(chǎn)業(yè)界廣泛研究,其中WDM技術(shù)作為最成熟的復(fù)用技術(shù),已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于商用光網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,而同時采用多種復(fù)用技術(shù)來進(jìn)一步提升通信容量的多維復(fù)用系統(tǒng)也成為研究的熱點。另一方面,為減小器件尺寸、降低成本、減小功耗,硅基光子集成技術(shù)被普遍認(rèn)為是下一代光通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展方向。所以,利用硅基光子集成芯片實現(xiàn)多維復(fù)用系統(tǒng)以及其相關(guān)控制、路由等高級功能對高速光通信系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展有著重大的意義。本論文首先對模式轉(zhuǎn)換涉及到的機(jī)理及理論模型進(jìn)行了分析,設(shè)計制作了不同類型的硅基模式轉(zhuǎn)換／復(fù)用器件。在此基礎(chǔ)上,開發(fā)了多種應(yīng)用于模式復(fù)用及多維復(fù)用系統(tǒng)中的功能性器件,并對其在發(fā)射、交換路由、接收等方面的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)深入的研究。本論文的主要內(nèi)容有以下幾個方面：(1)研究了三種基于絕緣體上硅(SO1)平臺的片上模式轉(zhuǎn)換／復(fù)用器件,分別采用級聯(lián)多模干涉耦合器(MMI)加相移器結(jié)構(gòu)、非對稱定向耦合器結(jié)構(gòu)以及微環(huán)諧振器結(jié)構(gòu)。提出了一種改進(jìn)型高性能模式復(fù)用器,在提高轉(zhuǎn)換效率的同時,大大降低模式串?dāng)_。這部分內(nèi)容為后續(xù)模式復(fù)用及其應(yīng)用于多維復(fù)用系統(tǒng)的研究打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。(2)設(shè)計制作了偏振可控制的片上模式轉(zhuǎn)換器,該器件由二維光子晶體光柵與微環(huán)諧振器型模式轉(zhuǎn)換器構(gòu)成。單模光纖中的信號進(jìn)入芯片,通過控制進(jìn)入芯片的信號偏振態(tài),可以在輸出的少模光纖中選擇性地得到需要的模式。同時研究了二維光子晶體光柵與少模光纖的耦合問題,對結(jié)合光纖和芯片的模式復(fù)用技術(shù)有重要的參考意義。最后對實際制作的器件進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的測試,紅外電荷耦合元件(CCD)從少模光纖中觀測的模斑充分證實了器件的功能。并對該器件進(jìn)行了四波長WDM 40Gb/s非歸零-開關(guān)鍵控(NRZ-OOK)信號的傳輸實驗,得到了良好的眼圖和誤碼結(jié)果。(3)提出了帶解調(diào)開關(guān)功能的片上模式復(fù)用系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)可用于長距離光纖通信系統(tǒng)與短距離片上通信系統(tǒng)的光互連中。其中模式復(fù)用部分采用微環(huán)諧振器型模式轉(zhuǎn)換／復(fù)用器件,設(shè)計優(yōu)化了微環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)和參數(shù),從而得到實現(xiàn)解調(diào)功能所需的頻譜特性。其動態(tài)解調(diào)功能可通過熱光效應(yīng)來實現(xiàn),對熱調(diào)部分也提供了建模仿真。最后對制作的器件進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的測試,器件的損耗、串?dāng)_、頻譜特性都給出了定量的結(jié)果。目前展示的器件能復(fù)用三個模式和四個波長,未來在模式數(shù)目以及波長數(shù)目上仍具有拓展性。(4)提出了適用于模式復(fù)用系統(tǒng)的片上數(shù)據(jù)交換芯片,可用于實現(xiàn)模式復(fù)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的路由和交換等高級功能,同時該芯片與成熟的WDM技術(shù)兼容,可用于WDM-MDM的多維復(fù)用系統(tǒng)中。其中模式互換部分由兩個微環(huán)諧振器型模式轉(zhuǎn)換／復(fù)用器件構(gòu)成,中間采用絕熱錐形耦合器連接,以確保模式的無損無串?dāng)_變換。對制作的器件分別進(jìn)行了單波長和四波長信號的傳輸實驗,測試得到的眼圖和誤碼曲線證實了器件的功能,并表征了優(yōu)良的性能。(5)首次提出了偏振復(fù)用-模式復(fù)用轉(zhuǎn)換器的概念,在SO1平臺上結(jié)合二維光子晶體光柵結(jié)構(gòu)以及級聯(lián)MMI型模式轉(zhuǎn)換／復(fù)用器實現(xiàn)了光纖中的偏振復(fù)用信號到片上模式復(fù)用信號的轉(zhuǎn)換。其中通過引入分布式布拉格反射型(DBR)光柵結(jié)構(gòu)減小了二維光子晶體光柵的損耗,用反蝴蝶型結(jié)構(gòu)代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的蝴蝶型相移器結(jié)構(gòu)提升了相移器的工藝容差,這些優(yōu)化對器件的實際制作和性能提升有重要意義。測試中對制作的器件進(jìn)行了40 Gb/s NRZ-OOK信號的傳輸實驗,測試得到的眼圖和誤碼曲線充分證明了器件的良好性能。(6)設(shè)計制作了基于模式干涉的4x4MMI和級聯(lián)2×2MMI加相移器兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的90度混頻器(hybrid),在分析器件機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上,在SO1集成平臺上完成了器件的設(shè)計和工藝制作,并對器件進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的測試和性能參數(shù)的標(biāo)定。該器件可用于多維復(fù)用系統(tǒng)相干探測中。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of people's demand for communication speed and capacity, optical communication technology with its advantages of high speed, large capacity and low power consumption has become a flourishing situation.In order to pursue greater transmission capacity and bandwidth, a variety of multiplexing technologies, such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), polarization multiplexing (PDM), space division multiplexing (SDM), have been studied by academia. WDM technology, as the most mature multiplexing technology, has been widely used in commercial optical networks. At the same time, multi-multiplexing technology to further enhance the communication capacity of multi-dimensional multiplexing system has become a research hotspot. On the other hand, in order to reduce device size, reduce costs, reduce power consumption, silicon-based photonic integration. Technology is generally regarded as the development direction of the next generation optical communication network. Therefore, the use of silicon-based photonic integrated chips to realize multi-dimensional multiplexing system and its related control, routing and other advanced functions is of great significance to the development of high-speed optical communication systems. Different types of silicon-based mode-switching/multiplexing devices are designed and fabricated. On this basis, a variety of functional devices used in mode-multiplexing and multidimensional multiplexing systems are developed, and their applications in transmitting, switching routing, receiving and other fields are systematically studied. 1) Three on-chip mode-switching/multiplexing devices based on insulator-on-silicon (SO1) platform are studied. The cascaded multi-mode interference coupler (MMI) plus phase shifter structure, asymmetric directional coupler structure and micro-ring resonator structure are adopted respectively. An improved high-performance mode multiplexer is proposed, which can improve the conversion efficiency and greatly reduce the cost. Mode crosstalk. This part lays a solid foundation for subsequent mode multiplexing and its application in multi-dimensional multiplexing systems. (2) A polarization-controlled on-chip mode converter is designed and fabricated, which consists of two-dimensional photonic crystal grating and micro-ring resonator mode converter. The polarization state of the signal entering the chip can selectively obtain the desired modes in the output few-mode fiber. The coupling between two-dimensional photonic crystal grating and the few-mode fiber is also studied, which is of great significance to the mode multiplexing technology combining the fiber and the chip. Finally, the actual device is tested in detail. External charge coupled device (CCD) is used to observe the mode patterns in a few-mode fiber, which fully confirms the function of the device. The transmission experiment of four-wavelength WDM 40Gb/s NRZ-OOOK signal is carried out and good eye diagram and bit error results are obtained. (3) An on-chip mode multiplexing system with demodulation switching function is proposed. For the optical interconnection between long-distance optical fiber communication systems and short-distance on-chip communication systems, the mode multiplexing part uses a micro-ring resonator mode conversion/multiplexing device, and the structure and parameters of the micro-ring are optimized in order to obtain the spectrum characteristics needed for demodulation. The thermoregulation part also provides modeling and simulation. Finally, the device is tested in detail. The loss, crosstalk and spectrum characteristics of the device are given quantitative results. This chip is compatible with mature WDM technology and can be used in WDM-MDM multi-dimensional multiplexing system. The mode interchange part is composed of two micro-ring resonator mode conversion/multiplexing devices with adiabatic cone in the middle. In order to ensure the mode lossless and non-crosstalk conversion, the single-wavelength and four-wavelength signal transmission experiments were carried out on the fabricated devices respectively. The eye diagram and error-code curve obtained from the tests confirmed the function of the device and characterized its excellent performance. (5) The concept of polarization multiplexing-mode multiplexing converter was first proposed on the SO1 platform. Combining two-dimensional photonic crystal grating structure and cascaded MMI mode converter/multiplexer, the conversion from polarization multiplexed signal to on-chip mode multiplexed signal is realized. The loss of two-dimensional photonic crystal grating is reduced by introducing distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) grating structure, and the traditional structure is replaced by anti-butterfly structure. The structure of butterfly phase shifter improves the process tolerance of the phase shifter, and these optimizations are of great significance to the actual fabrication and performance improvement of the device.The transmission experiment of 40 Gb/s NRZ-OOOK signal is carried out in the test, and the eye diagram and error code curve obtained from the test fully prove the good performance of the device. Based on the analysis of the device mechanism, the design and fabrication of the device are completed on the SO1 integrated platform. The device is tested in detail and the performance parameters are calibrated. The device can be used in the coherent detection of multidimensional multiplexing systems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN929.1

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