本文選題：激光雷達(dá) + 鈉層探測��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院武漢物理與數(shù)學(xué)研究所)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：中高層大氣溫度和風(fēng)場的高分辨探測是當(dāng)今大氣探測和空間物理領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。窄線寬鈉多普勒激光雷達(dá)可實(shí)現(xiàn)中層頂大氣溫度和風(fēng)場的同時探測,是大氣科學(xué)研究、空間環(huán)境監(jiān)測預(yù)報等的重要觀測手段,為開展大氣波動傳播、能量和動量循環(huán)過程、高中低大氣相互耦合作用等前沿科學(xué)問題的研究提供關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)來源。本文主要開展了可實(shí)現(xiàn)中層頂溫度和風(fēng)場探測的全固態(tài)鈉激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究,大幅提升了窄線寬鈉多普勒激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)工作的可靠性和穩(wěn)定性,為鈉激光雷達(dá)的進(jìn)一步推廣和應(yīng)用提供了關(guān)鍵技術(shù)手段,為系統(tǒng)的自動化操作、遠(yuǎn)程或極端環(huán)境條件下的部署奠定了重要基礎(chǔ)。論文對鈉層風(fēng)溫探測原理、全固態(tài)激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和研制、數(shù)據(jù)處理和風(fēng)溫反演方法及鈉層風(fēng)場和溫度的初步探測結(jié)果等進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)成功研制出具有國際先進(jìn)水平的全固態(tài)鈉層風(fēng)溫探測激光雷達(dá),基于固體激光和頻技術(shù),利用兩個工作波長分別為1064nm和1319nm的連續(xù)光種子激光器輸出單模窄線寬激光,分別注入到兩個Nd:YAG激光器并進(jìn)行脈沖和頻,獲得了能高效激發(fā)鈉層的高功率589 nm脈沖激光發(fā)射源,提高了鈉激光雷達(dá)發(fā)射激光系統(tǒng)工作的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性;設(shè)計(jì)了全光纖耦合的種子注入激光單元,種子光穩(wěn)頻和移頻等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)均采用光纖傳輸?shù)哪K化設(shè)計(jì),大大減少了注入種子單元的光學(xué)調(diào)整;通過種子激光和頻獲得了窄線寬589 nm連續(xù)激光,并利用鈉原子飽和吸收光譜和數(shù)字智能反饋程序控制1064 nm和1319nm種子激光器,實(shí)現(xiàn)了將和頻生成的589 nm連續(xù)激光頻率長期鎖定到鈉D2a共振躍遷線上;利用光纖耦合的聲光移頻技術(shù),結(jié)合光纖開關(guān)的時序控制設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)現(xiàn)了發(fā)射激光在三個工作頻率上自動循環(huán)切換工作,并通過計(jì)算1064 nmNd:YAG激光腔的縱模間隔,對移頻工作頻率的選擇進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,有效提高了三頻率種子注入的可靠性;系統(tǒng)采用三方向分光發(fā)射和同步接收采集,設(shè)計(jì)了發(fā)射光束二維調(diào)節(jié)遠(yuǎn)程控制軟件平臺,提高了三方向探測的視場匹配調(diào)節(jié)的精度和系統(tǒng)的自動化水平;開發(fā)了數(shù)據(jù)采集和系統(tǒng)控制軟件,實(shí)現(xiàn)了多通道的回波信號同步采集、自動存儲、實(shí)時顯示和整機(jī)時序控制等。(2)開展了鈉層風(fēng)溫數(shù)據(jù)處理和反演方法的研究,原始回波信號的預(yù)處理包括異常數(shù)據(jù)剔除、時間積分、背景扣除、功率歸一化、高度平滑等,利用三頻比率技術(shù)給出了溫度和風(fēng)速比值的計(jì)算方法,詳細(xì)闡述了利用二分法由溫度和風(fēng)速比值結(jié)合理論的二維校準(zhǔn)曲線反演獲得溫度和視線風(fēng)速的基本過程,給出了視線風(fēng)速校正和水平風(fēng)速合成的方法,分析了溫度和風(fēng)場探測的誤差來源,包括漢勒效應(yīng)、光泵效應(yīng)、飽和效應(yīng)、激光頻率偏差等帶來的系統(tǒng)誤差以及光子噪聲導(dǎo)致的隨機(jī)誤差,并給出了風(fēng)溫探測精度的計(jì)算方法。(3)利用研制的全固態(tài)鈉激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)開展了中層頂溫度和風(fēng)場的初步觀測。以2016年9月19日和9月20日兩晚溫度觀測結(jié)果為例,對相鄰兩天鈉層夜間溫度進(jìn)行了比較分析,表明中高層頂溫度結(jié)構(gòu)具有較為明顯的日變化特征。將激光雷達(dá)測量得到的溫度與測量時間和地理位置相近的衛(wèi)星溫度數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了對比,結(jié)果顯示兩者隨高度變化趨勢基本一致,并觀測到了明顯的溫度波動結(jié)構(gòu)。將激光雷達(dá)測量的水平風(fēng)速結(jié)果與地理位置相近的流星雷達(dá)風(fēng)場數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了對比,兩者探測結(jié)果隨高度和時間變化趨勢基本符合。與流星雷達(dá)相比,激光雷達(dá)的風(fēng)速測量對小尺度的重力波擾動更為敏感,因此激光雷達(dá)的風(fēng)廓線結(jié)果中表現(xiàn)出更多的波動結(jié)構(gòu),而流星雷達(dá)的觀測結(jié)果隨高度變化更平緩。兩種儀器探測的水平風(fēng)隨時間演化結(jié)果中,均表現(xiàn)出相位向下傳播的潮汐波動結(jié)構(gòu),潮汐波的水平波長尺度大于兩種儀器探測的大氣空間尺度,因此兩種儀器均可探測到潮汐的波動變化。通過溫度和水平風(fēng)探測結(jié)果的對比分析,初步驗(yàn)證了該全固態(tài)鈉激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)溫度和風(fēng)場探測的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:The high resolution detection of atmospheric temperature and wind field in middle and upper atmosphere is one of the hotspots in the field of Atmospheric Exploration and space physics. Narrow linewidth sodium Doppler lidar can detect the atmospheric temperature and wind field at the middle layer at the same time. It is an important observation means for atmospheric scientific research and space environment monitoring and prediction to carry out atmospheric wave propagation, The research on the energy and momentum cycle, the mutual coupling of high school and low atmosphere, and other frontier scientific problems provide the key data sources. This paper mainly carried out the research on the key technology of the all solid state sodium laser radar system which can realize the middle layer temperature and the wind field detection, and greatly improved the work of the narrow linewidth sodium Doppler lidar system. It provides the key technical means for the further popularization and application of sodium laser radar, which lays an important foundation for the automatic operation of the system and the deployment of the remote or extreme environmental conditions. The principle of the sounding of the sodium layer wind temperature, the design and development of the all solid state laser radar system, the data processing and the method of wind temperature inversion and sodium are also used in this paper. The preliminary investigation results of the layer wind field and the temperature are described in detail. The main contents are as follows: (1) the all solid state sodium layer wind temperature detection laser radar with the international advanced level is successfully developed. Based on the solid laser and frequency technology, the single mode narrow line of the continuous light seed laser with two working wavelengths is 1064nm and 1319nm respectively. Wide laser pulse and frequency are injected into two Nd:YAG lasers respectively. The high power 589 nm pulse laser emitting source which can efficiently stimulate the sodium layer is obtained. The stability and reliability of the laser system of the sodium laser radar are improved, and the key techniques of the whole fiber coupled seed injection laser unit, the frequency of the seed light and the frequency shift are designed. The optical fiber transmission is designed to reduce the optical adjustment of the injection seed unit, and the narrow linewidth 589 nm continuous laser is obtained through the seed laser and frequency, and the 1064 nm and 1319nm seed opper are controlled by the sodium atom saturation absorption spectrum and the digital intelligent feedback program. The 589 nm continuous laser generated by the sum frequency is realized. The frequency is locked to the sodium D2a resonance transition line for a long time. By using optical fiber coupled acousto-optic frequency shift technology and the timing control design of optical fiber switch, the automatic cycle switching of the emitting laser at three working frequencies is realized, and the selection of frequency shift frequency is optimized by calculating the longitudinal mode interval of the 1064 nmNd:YAG laser cavity. The reliability of the three frequency seed injection is improved. The system adopts the three directional light emitting and synchronous receiving collection, and designs a two-dimensional remote control software platform for the transmitting beam. It improves the accuracy of the field matching and the automation level of the three direction detection, and develops the data acquisition and system control software, and realizes the multipass. The echo signal of the channel is synchronous acquisition, automatic storage, real-time display and the timing control of the whole machine. (2) the research on the data processing and inversion method of the sodium layer wind temperature is carried out. The pre processing of the original echo signal includes the elimination of abnormal data, the time integration, the background deduction, the power normalization, the high smoothness and so on. The temperature and the temperature are given by the three frequency ratio technique. The method of calculating the ratio of wind speed is described in detail. The basic process of retrieving temperature and line of sight wind by the two-dimensional calibration curve of the theory of the ratio of temperature to the wind speed is described in detail. The method of line of sight wind correction and horizontal wind speed synthesis is given. The error sources of temperature and wind field detection are analyzed, including the Han Le effect and the optical pump effect. The system error caused by saturation effect, the laser frequency deviation and the random error caused by the photon noise, and the calculation method of the wind temperature detection precision are given. (3) the preliminary observation of the temperature and wind field of the middle layer is carried out by the developed all solid state sodium laser radar system. The results of the temperature observation of the two nights in September 19, 2016 and September 20th are the results of the observation. A comparative analysis of the night temperature of the sodium layer for two adjacent days shows that the temperature structure of the top top roof has a more obvious diurnal variation. The temperature measured by the laser radar is compared with the satellite temperature data similar to the measuring time and the geographical location. The results show that the two temperatures are basically consistent with the height variation. The result of the horizontal wind velocity measured by laser radar is compared with the wind field data of the meteor radar, which is similar to the geographical position. The detection results are basically consistent with the changing trend of height and time. Compared with the meteor radar, the wind velocity measurement of the lidar is more sensitive to the small scale gravity wave disturbance. The results of the wind profile of the optical radar show more wave structures, and the observation results of the meteor radar are more gentle with the height variation. In the evolution of time, the horizontal winds of the two instruments show the tidal wave structure that propagates downward in phase, and the horizontal wavelength scale of the tidal waves is larger than the space scale of the two instruments. Therefore, the fluctuation of the tides can be detected by the two instruments. The stability and reliability of the temperature and wind field detection of the SSR system are preliminarily verified by the comparison and analysis of the results of temperature and horizontal wind detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院武漢物理與數(shù)學(xué)研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN958.98

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