本文選題：紅外隱身 + 典型道路�。� 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著紅外探測(cè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,紅外探測(cè)設(shè)備空間和光譜分辨率持續(xù)提升,目標(biāo)紅外隱身面臨日益嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。未來(lái)目標(biāo)紅外隱身的有效手段將是使得目標(biāo)與背景的紅外輻射特征相同,也即在紅外光譜發(fā)射率相同的前提下兩者的實(shí)際溫度要實(shí)時(shí)相同。為此本文理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了典型道路背景下表面輻射性質(zhì)相同時(shí)如何通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)目標(biāo)的物性使得其與背景的表面溫度實(shí)時(shí)相等,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的紅外隱身。首先通過(guò)紅外熱像儀測(cè)量原理的討論,獲得了目標(biāo)紅外隱身的技術(shù)要求。從理論上說(shuō)明了使得目標(biāo)和背景紅外特征相同的有效手段是保證兩者在紅外探測(cè)設(shè)備響應(yīng)波段內(nèi)的光譜性質(zhì)相同且表面實(shí)際溫度實(shí)時(shí)相等。此后基于目標(biāo)和典型道路背景的一維傳熱模型,研究了周期性環(huán)境條件下在目標(biāo)和典型道路背景表面輻射性質(zhì)相同時(shí)目標(biāo)的紅外隱身。借助數(shù)值計(jì)算和理論分析手段闡述了仿真材料和道路表面溫差與二者厚度和物性的關(guān)系,并討論了幾種典型材料在日周期環(huán)境下的應(yīng)用效果,評(píng)估其相對(duì)優(yōu)劣。研究結(jié)果表明,周期性環(huán)境條件下,仿真材料和道路的表面溫差與二者的無(wú)量綱厚度和熱慣量密切相關(guān)。仿真材料無(wú)量綱厚度不小于1時(shí),其溫度分布僅取決于其熱慣量,熱慣量一定時(shí),其上表面溫度不變,也即此時(shí)仿真材料和道路的表面溫差不隨仿真材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)或體積比熱容而變化。仿真材料無(wú)量綱厚度小于1時(shí),其溫度分布同時(shí)受到其熱慣量和無(wú)量綱厚度的制約,或者說(shuō)仿真材料和道路的表面溫差與仿真材料熱慣量和無(wú)量綱厚度有關(guān),且此時(shí)若仿真材料滿足集總熱容條件,則二者表面溫差取決于仿真材料熱慣量與無(wú)量綱厚度的乘積,也即取決于仿真材料的體積比熱容。此外,若混凝土層和仿真材料無(wú)量綱厚度均不小于1,且熱慣量相等時(shí),二者溫度分布相同,表面溫度相等。上述結(jié)論適用于任何地域、任何周期性環(huán)境條件,對(duì)仿真材料表面溫度控制具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。此外,還發(fā)現(xiàn)相變材料的應(yīng)用效果要遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于非相變材料,在保證仿真材料和道路表面溫差不變的前提下,應(yīng)用相變材料可以使得仿真材料更薄、更輕。最后利用仿真分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證研究了相變材料在目標(biāo)紅外隱身中應(yīng)用效果。通過(guò)I-DEAS軟件建模分析了簡(jiǎn)化平板模型和典型目標(biāo)中采用相變材料的實(shí)際應(yīng)用效果,得到了不同地域和環(huán)境條件下使得三個(gè)典型目標(biāo)與多種背景(混凝土道路、瀝青道路、草地)相融的基于相變材料的熱防護(hù)方案,并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了理論分析結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:With the development of infrared detection technology, the spatial and spectral resolution of infrared detection equipment has been continuously improved, and the infrared stealth of the target is facing a severe test day by day. In the future, the effective method of infrared stealth will be to make the infrared radiation characteristics of the target and the background the same, that is to say, the actual temperature of the target and the background should be the same in real time under the premise of the same infrared spectral emissivity. Therefore, this paper theoretically and experimentally studies how to adjust the physical properties of the target to make it equal to the background surface temperature in real time when the surface radiation property of the typical road is the same, so that the infrared stealth of the target can be realized. Firstly, through the discussion of the measuring principle of infrared thermal imager, the technical requirements of infrared stealth of target are obtained. It is theoretically explained that the effective way to make the infrared characteristics of the target and background the same is to ensure the same spectral properties and the real temperature of the surface in the response band of the infrared detection equipment. Then, based on the one-dimensional heat transfer model of target and typical road background, the infrared stealth of target is studied under the condition of periodic environment when the radiation property of target and typical road background surface is the same. By means of numerical calculation and theoretical analysis, the relationship between the thickness and physical properties of simulated materials and road surface temperature difference is expounded, and the application effects of several typical materials in the daily periodic environment are discussed, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of these materials are evaluated. The results show that the surface temperature difference of simulation materials and roads is closely related to their dimensionless thickness and thermal inertia under periodic environment. When the dimensionless thickness of the simulation material is not less than 1, the temperature distribution depends only on its thermal inertia. When the thermal inertia is constant, the upper surface temperature will not change. In other words, the surface temperature difference between the simulated material and the road does not change with the thermal conductivity or volume specific heat capacity of the simulation material. When the dimensionless thickness of simulation material is less than 1, its temperature distribution is restricted by its thermal inertia and dimensionless thickness, or the surface temperature difference of simulation material and road is related to the thermal inertia and dimensionless thickness of simulation material. If the simulation material satisfies the lumped heat capacity condition, the surface temperature difference depends on the product of the thermal inertia and dimensionless thickness of the simulation material, that is, the volume specific heat capacity of the simulation material. In addition, if the dimensionless thickness of concrete layer and simulation material is not less than 1, and the thermal inertia is equal, the temperature distribution is the same and the surface temperature is equal. The above conclusions are applicable to any region and any periodic environmental conditions, and have important guiding significance for the control of surface temperature of simulated materials. In addition, it is found that the application effect of phase change material is much better than that of non-phase change material, and the application of phase change material can make the material thinner and lighter under the premise of keeping the temperature difference of simulation material and road surface constant. Finally, the application effect of phase change material in target infrared stealth is studied by simulation analysis and experimental verification. Through I-DEAS software modeling, the practical application effect of phase change material in simplified plate model and typical target is analyzed. Three typical targets and various backgrounds (concrete road, asphalt road) are obtained under different regional and environmental conditions. The theoretical analysis results are verified by experiments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：E933;TN976

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