本文選題：外輻射源雷達(dá) + 目標(biāo)檢測(cè)��； 參考：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：外輻射源雷達(dá)利用目標(biāo)反射非協(xié)作照射源信號(hào)這一特點(diǎn),通過處理靜默接收到的電磁信號(hào),來實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)特定區(qū)域的目標(biāo)探測(cè)。依賴于其寂靜接收、收發(fā)分置及所使用照射源信號(hào)頻段的特點(diǎn),外輻射源雷達(dá)具有常規(guī)雷達(dá)不可比擬的“四抗”優(yōu)勢(shì),是一類發(fā)展前景非常廣泛的雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)。如利用外輻射源雷達(dá)不會(huì)產(chǎn)生電磁污染這一優(yōu)點(diǎn),可將其部署在城市、郊區(qū)或人口密集等區(qū)域,以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)的監(jiān)測(cè)。傳統(tǒng)外輻射源雷達(dá)通常采用“一發(fā)一收”模式對(duì)目標(biāo)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)、定位和跟蹤。然而,隨著技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和更新?lián)Q代,傳統(tǒng)“一發(fā)一收”的探測(cè)方式逐漸跟不上社會(huì)需求日新月異的步伐。當(dāng)前,為了能有效應(yīng)對(duì)不斷提高的民用或軍事需求,外輻射源雷達(dá)技術(shù)研究逐步走向了寬帶多源的發(fā)展之路。與傳統(tǒng)探測(cè)方式相比,寬帶多源外輻射源雷達(dá)帶來的一個(gè)最直接變化就是信號(hào)處理規(guī)模呈數(shù)十倍甚至上百倍的增長(zhǎng),這種增長(zhǎng)為傳統(tǒng)硬件處理能力帶來了不小的壓力。另一方面,外輻射源雷達(dá)所使用照射源信號(hào)的非合作性和起伏性決定了其檢測(cè)到的目標(biāo)航跡會(huì)出現(xiàn)不規(guī)律的斷續(xù)問題,“精細(xì)化”的跟蹤濾波方法是彌補(bǔ)這一體制缺陷的有效途徑。本文在某部委項(xiàng)目的支持下,圍繞外輻射源雷達(dá)信號(hào)處理和目標(biāo)跟蹤濾波方法兩方面開展研究工作,取得的成果可歸納為：1.研究了常規(guī)外輻射源雷達(dá)信號(hào)處理存在的若干實(shí)際問題。針對(duì)實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用,分析了常規(guī)處理方法存在的不足之處,并提出了相應(yīng)的優(yōu)化或改進(jìn)方法。如提出了一種幅度修正、單元平均、補(bǔ)償、遠(yuǎn)近分區(qū)、二次排序選大相結(jié)合的綜合目標(biāo)檢測(cè)方法,有效地克服了因近距離強(qiáng)雜波剩余使距離-多普勒檢測(cè)平臺(tái)呈“斜坡”狀而影響目標(biāo)檢測(cè)的問題。對(duì)于實(shí)際中參考通道也可能接收到目標(biāo)回波的情況,推導(dǎo)分析了此種情況下真實(shí)目標(biāo)能量被抵消和產(chǎn)生虛假目標(biāo)的機(jī)理,并提出了一種利用雜波抑制權(quán)系數(shù)消除參考信號(hào)中所含目標(biāo)回波的方法,該方法能夠有效解決因參考信號(hào)含有目標(biāo)回波信號(hào)而出現(xiàn)的衍生虛假目標(biāo)及部分真實(shí)目標(biāo)被削弱的問題。2.研究了多源全向外輻射源雷達(dá)信號(hào)實(shí)時(shí)處理的實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)。針對(duì)多源全向外輻射源雷達(dá)信號(hào)實(shí)時(shí)處理運(yùn)算量大的問題,提出了一種基于通用處理器GPU架構(gòu)的并行實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,經(jīng)過多層次縱向優(yōu)化后,所提方法的處理效率明顯改善,在應(yīng)用中達(dá)到了實(shí)時(shí)處理的水平。與傳統(tǒng)DSP處理架構(gòu)相比,所提方法具有成本低廉、易于調(diào)試、硬件規(guī)模小的優(yōu)勢(shì),而且可移植、可擴(kuò)展,符合目前主流發(fā)展的“軟件化雷達(dá)”的設(shè)計(jì)原則。最后,一系列仿真和實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的處理結(jié)果表明,所提方法的實(shí)現(xiàn)效率遠(yuǎn)高于傳統(tǒng)方法,驗(yàn)證了所提實(shí)現(xiàn)方法的可行性和高效性。3.提出了一種可用于但不限于外輻射源雷達(dá)目標(biāo)跟蹤的加權(quán)最小二乘粒子濾波方法。針對(duì)非線性粒子濾波在對(duì)目標(biāo)狀態(tài)迭代估計(jì)中出現(xiàn)的難以避免的粒子退化現(xiàn)象,提出通過最小二乘估計(jì)將當(dāng)前觀測(cè)信息以加權(quán)的方式集成到粒子采樣過程中,避免了傳統(tǒng)方法中當(dāng)前觀測(cè)僅僅用來評(píng)判粒子好壞的不足,并以此來促進(jìn)粒子由先驗(yàn)區(qū)域向目標(biāo)真實(shí)狀態(tài)的高似然區(qū)域的移動(dòng),進(jìn)而達(dá)到提高粒子分布質(zhì)量,緩解粒子退化程度和改善濾波精度的目的。另外,在推導(dǎo)粒子采樣函數(shù)的過程中,提出了一種利用狀態(tài)向量擴(kuò)展觀測(cè)向量的方法來解決潛在的矩陣秩虧問題,保證了所提濾波方法的普適性。最后,經(jīng)過仿真和實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的處理驗(yàn)證了所提方法的有效性。4.提出了一種并行重采樣方法,解決了傳統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)重采樣限制粒子濾波并行度的問題。所提方法的基本思想和系統(tǒng)重采樣類似,它們的不同之處在于,所提方法使用每個(gè)粒子歸一化權(quán)值與粒子數(shù)量乘積的取整部分作為該粒子在重采樣中被保留的次數(shù),同時(shí)為了保持粒子數(shù)量的恒定,理論驗(yàn)證了直接舍棄歸一化權(quán)值最小的若干個(gè)粒子的合理性。該方法具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、便于并行的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:The external radiation source radar uses the characteristic of the target reflecting the non cooperative source signal to realize the target detection of the specific region by processing the silent received electromagnetic signal. It depends on the characteristics of the silent reception, the transceiver division and the frequency of the source of the irradiated source. The external radiation source radar has the unparalleled "four anti" radar. Advantage is a kind of radar system with wide development prospects. For example, it can be deployed in a city, a suburb or a densely populated area to realize the monitoring of a moving target. However, with the continuous development and replacement of technology, the traditional "one hair and one collection" detection method gradually can not keep up with the rapid pace of social demand. At present, in order to effectively cope with the increasing demand for civil or military, the research of external radiation source radar technology has gone to the development of broadband and multi source. In comparison, one of the most direct changes in the wide-band and multi source radar is that the signal processing scale is tens to hundreds or even hundreds of times, which brings no small pressure to the traditional hardware processing capability. On the other hand, the non cooperative and undulation of the source signal used by the external radiation source radar determines its detection. The target track will appear irregular intermittence. The "fine" tracking filtering method is an effective way to make up the defect of the system. Under the support of a certain ministry project, the research work is carried out around two aspects of the signal processing and target tracking filtering method of the external radiation source radar. The achievements can be summed up as follows: 1. research This paper investigates some practical problems in conventional external radiant radar signal processing. Aiming at practical engineering applications, the shortcomings of conventional processing methods are analyzed, and the corresponding optimization or improvement methods are proposed. For example, a comprehensive target detection is proposed, which is a combination of amplitude correction, unit average, compensation, far and near partition, and two order sorting. This method effectively overcomes the problem that the target detection is affected by the "slope" of the distance Doppler detection platform because of the close range strong clutter remaining. The mechanism of the true target energy being offset and producing false targets is derived and analyzed in this case. A method of eliminating the echo of the target in the reference signal by using the clutter suppression coefficient, this method can effectively solve the problem that the derivative false target and some real target are weakened because of the reference signal containing the target echo signal..2. has studied the realization technology of the real-time processing of the multi source all outward radiant radar signal. A parallel implementation method based on the universal processor GPU architecture is proposed. After multi-layer longitudinal optimization, the processing efficiency of the proposed method is obviously improved and the real-time processing is reached in the application. Compared with the traditional DSP processing architecture, the proposed method has been proposed. It has the advantages of low cost, easy to debug and small hardware, and can be portable and extensible. It meets the design principle of "software radar". Finally, the results of a series of simulation and measured data show that the implementation efficiency of the proposed method is far higher than that of the traditional method, and the feasibility and high performance of the proposed implementation method is verified. A weighted least square particle filter, which can be used but not limited to the target tracking of the radar target of the external source, is proposed by.3.. In view of the hard to avoid particle degradation in the iterative estimation of the target state by the nonlinear particle filter, a least square estimation is proposed to integrate the current observation information into the particle in a weighted way. In the subsampling process, the current observation, which is used in the traditional method, is only used to judge the defects of the particle, and in order to promote the movement of the high likelihood region from the prior area to the true state of the target, to improve the quality of the particle distribution, alleviate the degree of particle degradation and improve the filtering accuracy. In the process of sampling function, a method of using state vector to extend the observation vector is proposed to solve the potential matrix rank deficiency problem, and the universality of the proposed filtering method is guaranteed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the processing of simulated and measured data.4., a parallel resampling method is proposed to solve the traditional system. The basic idea of the proposed method is that the basic idea of the proposed method is similar to the system resampling. The difference is that the proposed method uses the integral part of the product of each particle normalized weight and the number of particles as the number of times the particle is retained in the resampling, and in order to keep the number of particles constant, the method is used to keep the particle number constant. The rationality of some particles directly discarding the least normalized weight is verified. This method has the advantages of simple structure and convenient parallelism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.51

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