本文選題：高速相機(jī) + 自動調(diào)光　； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著靶場需求的不斷提高,光電經(jīng)緯儀所捕獲跟蹤目標(biāo)的速度越來越快,目標(biāo)相對于經(jīng)緯儀的位置以及背景光照變化也越來越劇烈,對光電經(jīng)緯儀的調(diào)光調(diào)焦精度和時間要求也越來越高。為了捕獲與跟蹤高速運(yùn)動目標(biāo),獲取瞬間變化現(xiàn)象的細(xì)節(jié),現(xiàn)代光電經(jīng)緯儀多采用高速相機(jī)作為圖像采集設(shè)備。為了獲得高清晰度圖像,必須解決高速相機(jī)自動快速調(diào)光調(diào)焦問題,以適應(yīng)高速目標(biāo)捕獲跟蹤的需求。因此,快速自動的調(diào)光調(diào)焦方法研究成為當(dāng)前研究的焦點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。目前市面提供的高速相機(jī)鮮有具備自動調(diào)光調(diào)焦功能,而傳統(tǒng)光電經(jīng)緯儀的自動調(diào)光調(diào)焦方法精度較低,速度慢,不能適應(yīng)對高速運(yùn)動目標(biāo)捕獲跟蹤需求。本文針對這一問題,面對高速相機(jī)的特點(diǎn),提出了基于快速圖像處理的、適用于高速相機(jī)的自動快速調(diào)光調(diào)焦方法,對調(diào)光調(diào)焦原理進(jìn)行了深入研究,研究內(nèi)容及創(chuàng)新性工作主要如下:第一,本文建立了相機(jī)與光照強(qiáng)度的數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過分析相機(jī)的過曝光及欠曝光產(chǎn)生的原理及光電經(jīng)緯儀用高速相機(jī)在工作時需要應(yīng)對的光照環(huán)境,提出了一種基于圖像直方圖特征函數(shù)(Histogram Feature,HF)的圖像亮度評價方法。與傳統(tǒng)調(diào)光評價方法相比,該方法在含有光強(qiáng)大幅度變化的順光、逆光兩種光照條件下對圖像評判均有較好的效果,且通過提取興趣區(qū)域信息降低計算量后,該函數(shù)克服傳統(tǒng)圖像質(zhì)量評價函數(shù)計算時間普遍較長的問題,計算時間小于0.2ms,為了進(jìn)一步提高函數(shù)計算的實(shí)時性,對該函數(shù)的硬件加速性能進(jìn)行了研究,實(shí)驗(yàn)表明基于GPU的硬件加速方法在圖像分辨率較高時加速效果明顯;第二,針對傳統(tǒng)搜索方法進(jìn)行了分析對比,并通過運(yùn)用圖像直方圖特征函數(shù),提出了一種曝光粗調(diào)與精調(diào)相結(jié)合的自動調(diào)光方法,并通過靜態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了方法相較于傳統(tǒng)方法,在應(yīng)對110ms時間內(nèi)光照變化范圍約為30倍時的場景時,其捕獲圖像序列的信息熵均值可以提高約2.648,方差比傳統(tǒng)方法下降1.125。第三,通過運(yùn)用光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的成像數(shù)學(xué)模型,對離焦深度法中點(diǎn)擴(kuò)散函數(shù)及其調(diào)焦方法與對焦深度法中常用的圖像質(zhì)量評價函數(shù)進(jìn)行了分析。提出了一種用于自動調(diào)焦的基于圖像直方圖特征函數(shù)的圖像評價函數(shù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,該函數(shù)可以克服傳統(tǒng)自動調(diào)光調(diào)焦評價函數(shù)需要分開計算重復(fù)占用系統(tǒng)資源,以及計算速度較慢的缺點(diǎn);并且該函數(shù)的精度以及調(diào)焦搜索范圍在各類函數(shù)中均處于適中的水平,可以滿足高速相機(jī)自動調(diào)焦的需求。第四,通過圖像直方圖特征函數(shù)進(jìn)行分析,提出了一種自動調(diào)焦方法,實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,與傳統(tǒng)搜索方法相比,快速方法在保證調(diào)焦精度的同時,可以有效減少電機(jī)的往返運(yùn)動次數(shù),對于距離準(zhǔn)焦位置70步外的目標(biāo),調(diào)焦電機(jī)可以在9次移動內(nèi)完成調(diào)焦并且調(diào)焦電機(jī)僅需改變方向一次;第五,為了驗(yàn)證光電經(jīng)緯儀在實(shí)際工作中需要應(yīng)對的情況,針對本文提出的自動調(diào)光及自動調(diào)焦方法,為了模擬光電經(jīng)緯儀在實(shí)際工作中需要應(yīng)對的情況,給出了將調(diào)光、調(diào)焦聯(lián)合在一起的方法流程,并設(shè)計了驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)證明在調(diào)光調(diào)焦聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)中與應(yīng)用傳統(tǒng)搜索自動調(diào)焦方法的實(shí)驗(yàn)相比,應(yīng)用快速自動調(diào)焦方法的調(diào)光調(diào)焦聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)也能找到正確的準(zhǔn)焦位置,并且僅耗時不到0.9s,為實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用提供借鑒方案。最后,對全文所做的工作進(jìn)行了總結(jié),提出了今后需要繼續(xù)研究的問題和研究方向。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand of the range, the speed of the tracking target captured by the photoelectric theodolite is getting faster and faster. The target relative to the position of the theodolite and the background light change are becoming more and more intense. The precision and time requirement of the photoelectric theodolite are also getting higher and higher. In order to capture and track the high-speed moving target, the instant change is obtained. In detail, modern photoelectric theodolite mostly uses high-speed camera as image acquisition equipment. In order to obtain high definition image, it is necessary to solve the problem of automatic and fast dimming and focusing of high-speed camera, so as to meet the demand of high speed target capture and tracking. The high speed camera provided in the market has the function of automatic dimming and focusing, and the traditional photoelectric theodolite's automatic dimming and focusing method has low precision and slow speed. It can't adapt to the requirement of tracking the high speed moving target. In this paper, a fast image processing based on the characteristics of high-speed camera is proposed, which is suitable for high speed phase. The automatic and fast dimming and focusing method of the machine is studied in detail. The main research contents and innovative work are as follows: first, the mathematical model of the camera and light intensity is set up in this paper. The principle of overexposure and under exposure of the camera and the need to respond to the high speed camera of the photoelectric theodolite in the work are analyzed. In light environment, an image luminance evaluation method based on Histogram Feature (HF) is proposed. Compared with the traditional light modulation evaluation method, the method has good effect on the image evaluation under two illumination conditions, which contain a large amplitude of light intensity and a backlight, and the information is reduced by extracting interest area. After the calculation, the function overcomes the problem that the traditional image quality evaluation function has a long time to calculate, and the calculation time is less than 0.2ms. In order to further improve the real-time performance of the function calculation, the hardware acceleration performance of the function is studied. The experiment shows that the speed method based on the hardware of the GPU is more effective when the image resolution is high. Second, according to the analysis and comparison of the traditional search method, and by using the image histogram feature function, an automatic dimming method combining the exposure rough and the fine phase is proposed. And the static experiment proves that the method is captured when the light variation range is about 30 times when the 110ms time is about 30 times compared to the traditional method. The mean entropy of the image sequence can be improved by about 2.648, and the variance is reduced by 1.125. third than the traditional method. By using the imaging mathematical model of the optical system, the point diffusion function and its focus method in the defocus depth method and the image quality evaluation function commonly used in the focus depth method are analyzed. A kind of auto focusing is proposed. An image evaluation function based on the feature function of the image histogram shows that the function can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional automatic dimming and focusing evaluation function, which need to calculate the resource of the system, and the slow speed of calculation, and the accuracy of the function and the focus of the focus search are at the moderate level in all kinds of functions. In order to meet the needs of auto focusing of high speed cameras. Fourth, an automatic focusing method is proposed through the analysis of the image histogram feature function. The experiment shows that, compared with the traditional search method, the fast method can effectively reduce the number of back motion of the motor while guaranteeing the focus accuracy, and for the target with the distance of the para focus 70 steps, Focusing motor can be focused in 9 movement and focusing motor only need to change direction one time; fifth, in order to verify the situation that the photoelectric theodolite needs to deal with in actual work, aiming at the automatic dimming and auto focusing method proposed in this paper, in order to simulate the situation that the photoelectric theodolite needs to deal with in the actual work, the paper gives the method. The process of adjusting the light and focusing together, and designing the verification experiment. The experiment proves that in the light focusing and focusing joint experiment, compared with the traditional search automatic focusing method, the application of the fast auto focusing method can also find the correct para focus position, and it takes only less than 0.9s, which is a practical project. Finally, the paper summarizes the work done in this paper, and points out the problems and research directions that need to be further studied in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 陳貝;李娟妮;;像機(jī)調(diào)焦清晰度的技術(shù)研究[J];硅谷;2013年23期

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前2條

1 湯識真;如何在AF中有效使用手動調(diào)焦[N];中國攝影報;2009年

2 山東 劉浩;跟我一起清潔投影儀（下）[N];電腦報;2004年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 馬澤龍;高速相機(jī)自動快速調(diào)光調(diào)焦方法研究[D];中國科學(xué)院長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所;2017年

，

本文編號：2002595