本文選題：虛擬城市 + 導(dǎo)航信息��； 參考：《東南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今社會(huì)生活中人們的遷移活動(dòng)越來(lái)越頻繁,經(jīng)常遇到的一個(gè)難題是如何在陌生的城市環(huán)境中導(dǎo)航。常用的導(dǎo)航裝置大多經(jīng)由視覺(jué)或聽(tīng)覺(jué)通道傳遞信息,但它們?nèi)菀资艿江h(huán)境因素限制,或者被其他重要的任務(wù)所占據(jù)。由于觸覺(jué)表達(dá)適用于普遍存在的環(huán)境,理解它提供的信息幾乎不需要認(rèn)知資源,能夠?yàn)槠渌蝿?wù)釋放必需的認(rèn)知資源,因此在視野受限的虛擬城市環(huán)境下,通過(guò)觸覺(jué)通道提供導(dǎo)航信息有助于增強(qiáng)使用者的沉浸感,幫助使用者導(dǎo)航。本文以教育部高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)科研基金項(xiàng)目為依托,從技術(shù)手段、編碼方法和性能評(píng)估等方面,對(duì)虛擬城市環(huán)境下導(dǎo)航信息的觸覺(jué)表達(dá)技術(shù)中的一些關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究。真實(shí)環(huán)境中大量的空間信息和長(zhǎng)時(shí)間尺度的導(dǎo)航都會(huì)對(duì)使用者的認(rèn)知分析施加很大影響,但虛擬環(huán)境能夠把觸覺(jué)表達(dá)技術(shù)與那些降低使用者導(dǎo)航表現(xiàn)的額外信息隔離開(kāi)來(lái)�；赩C/OpenGL程序框架設(shè)計(jì)了一款三維虛擬城市仿真系統(tǒng),為漫游者提供實(shí)時(shí)的空間導(dǎo)航信息。城市模型由Google SketchUp軟件構(gòu)建,并在3ds Ma x軟件中重新貼圖,再載入到OpenGL程序框架中顯示。使用者在虛擬場(chǎng)景中使用第一或第三視角漫游,導(dǎo)航時(shí)跟隨預(yù)先設(shè)定的路徑點(diǎn)從起點(diǎn)遍歷到路線的終點(diǎn)。系統(tǒng)提供的幾種導(dǎo)航消息包括行進(jìn)方向、相對(duì)距離、路口類型和路線屬性。依靠這些導(dǎo)航信息,參與者可在多種觸覺(jué)形式的刺激下實(shí)現(xiàn)在陌生城市環(huán)境中導(dǎo)航。仿真系統(tǒng)一并提供的還有定點(diǎn)鳥(niǎo)瞰圖、漫游計(jì)時(shí)和運(yùn)動(dòng)路線顯示與保存等功能。根據(jù)人體皮膚的觸覺(jué)感知機(jī)理,選擇振動(dòng)和溫度兩種觸覺(jué)方式來(lái)映射多維導(dǎo)航信息。詳細(xì)分析了它們的參數(shù)種類,篩選出適合信息編碼的參數(shù)。根據(jù)導(dǎo)航消息的種類,在每個(gè)參數(shù)中劃分出在感覺(jué)上顯著不同的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)水平。振動(dòng)觸覺(jué)反饋由圓柱式振動(dòng)電機(jī)提供,從理論上探索了它在皮膚上激活時(shí)的振動(dòng)波傳播；熱觸覺(jué)顯示由典型的珀?duì)柼麊卧尸F(xiàn),并基于半無(wú)限大體積模型推導(dǎo)出受刺激時(shí)皮膚內(nèi)的熱響應(yīng)曲線。針對(duì)觸覺(jué)導(dǎo)航訓(xùn)練系統(tǒng),選擇了最普遍接受的Wickens的多資源理論、Prenav和Chorems里論,更好地解釋了為什么使用觸覺(jué)通道為穿戴者表達(dá)導(dǎo)航信息是成功的。提出一種基于虛擬環(huán)境的多觸覺(jué)導(dǎo)航訓(xùn)練系統(tǒng)總體方案,借助背包、腰帶和臂帶等配件進(jìn)行可穿戴設(shè)計(jì)。介紹了多觸覺(jué)導(dǎo)航訓(xùn)練系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì),分析J’導(dǎo)航信息獲取模塊、核心處理模塊、振動(dòng)觸覺(jué)反饋模塊和熱觸覺(jué)顯示模塊的元器件選型、組成原理以及各模塊的電氣連接關(guān)系。對(duì)多觸覺(jué)表達(dá)裝置的可穿戴效果進(jìn)行具體實(shí)現(xiàn),成功地穿戴于人體的腰部、上臂等部位,達(dá)到系統(tǒng)便攜性和移動(dòng)性的要求。開(kāi)展了多觸覺(jué)導(dǎo)航訓(xùn)練系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì),包括多觸覺(jué)表達(dá)裝置的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序和觸覺(jué)訓(xùn)練軟件。驅(qū)動(dòng)程序分別從RT-thread移植、導(dǎo)航信息采集程序、導(dǎo)航信息解碼程序和線程同步等方面展開(kāi)設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)多維導(dǎo)航信息的實(shí)時(shí)獲取、解碼,以及多觸覺(jué)表達(dá)功能。觸覺(jué)訓(xùn)練軟件提供訓(xùn)練和評(píng)估兩大功能,為心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)搭建一個(gè)測(cè)試平臺(tái)。介紹了復(fù)合式觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)的設(shè)計(jì)原理,根據(jù)城市導(dǎo)航信息的種類依次開(kāi)展對(duì)三參數(shù)復(fù)合式振動(dòng)觸覺(jué)、四參數(shù)復(fù)合式溫度+振動(dòng)觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)的設(shè)計(jì)和識(shí)別研究。第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明三參數(shù)觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)的平均識(shí)別率高達(dá)95.47%,在所有的24種圖標(biāo)中人們能夠正確地識(shí)別19.70種：第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)四參數(shù)觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)的平均識(shí)別率略有降低,但在32種圖標(biāo)中也能夠可靠地識(shí)別出24.42種：第三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是在構(gòu)建的簡(jiǎn)單城市環(huán)境中評(píng)估這兩種觸覺(jué)表達(dá)模式的導(dǎo)航效能。從實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果看,在三參數(shù)振動(dòng)觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)中識(shí)別三維導(dǎo)航信息是非常容易的,為參與者順序地呈現(xiàn)四種不同的觸覺(jué)刺激方式似乎沒(méi)有造成混亂。盡管四參數(shù)復(fù)合式圖標(biāo)的平均識(shí)別率稍低,但在虛擬場(chǎng)景中導(dǎo)航時(shí),參與者的表現(xiàn)要顯著優(yōu)于三參數(shù)觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)。第四個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是把行進(jìn)方向的水平擴(kuò)展到8個(gè),觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)種類也相應(yīng)增加到64種,但這些圖標(biāo)的平均識(shí)別率并沒(méi)有顯著降低,仍然有91.86%,人們能夠可靠識(shí)別的圖標(biāo)種類增加到45.52種。說(shuō)明了設(shè)計(jì)的復(fù)合式觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)傳遞多維導(dǎo)航信息是可行的,具有與聽(tīng)覺(jué)圖標(biāo)和轉(zhuǎn)換式圖標(biāo)可比擬的效果。分析了轉(zhuǎn)換式觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)的設(shè)計(jì)原理,依次開(kāi)展對(duì)四參數(shù)的四振動(dòng)、一溫度三振動(dòng)和二溫度二振動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換式觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)的設(shè)計(jì)和識(shí)別研究,并使用它們?cè)谔摂M城市環(huán)境中幫助參與者導(dǎo)航。第五個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明四振動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換式觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)的平均識(shí)別率為74.77%,在所有的64種圖標(biāo)中大約能夠正確識(shí)別31種；第六個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中一溫度三振動(dòng)圖標(biāo)的平均識(shí)別率為85.01%,有34～35種圖標(biāo)能夠可靠地識(shí)別；第七個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中二溫度二振動(dòng)圖標(biāo)的平均識(shí)別率為78.20%,能夠可靠識(shí)別的圖標(biāo)僅為28～29種。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,轉(zhuǎn)換式觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)的平均識(shí)別率和信息傳輸能力基本滿足要求。因?yàn)閺倪@些四參數(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)換式觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)中識(shí)別四維導(dǎo)航信息相對(duì)容易,為參與者同時(shí)提供四種不同的觸覺(jué)刺激參數(shù)也沒(méi)有造成過(guò)多的混亂。在復(fù)雜的虛擬城市環(huán)境中,利用四種不同的觸覺(jué)表達(dá)模式開(kāi)展導(dǎo)航實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)從導(dǎo)航表現(xiàn)和認(rèn)知負(fù)擔(dān)兩個(gè)方面評(píng)判,參與者在使用一溫度三振動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換式觸覺(jué)圖標(biāo)時(shí)的整體表現(xiàn)最好。
[Abstract]:People are moving more and more frequently in today's social life. One of the problems often encountered is how to navigate in an unfamiliar city environment. Most commonly used navigation devices pass information through visual or auditory channels, but they are easily restricted by environmental factors or are occupied by their important tasks. The sense of touch is applicable. In a universal environment, understanding the information it provides almost does not require cognitive resources and can release the necessary cognitive resources for other tasks, so providing navigation information through tactile channels in a virtual city with limited vision helps to enhance users' immersion and help users navigate. Based on the project of special scientific research fund for doctoral science, some key problems in the tactile expression of navigation information in virtual city environment are studied from the aspects of technical means, coding methods and performance evaluation. A large number of spatial information and long time scale navigation in the real environment will be applied to the user's cognitive analysis. The virtual environment can isolate the tactile expression technology from the additional information that reduces the user's navigation performance. A 3D virtual city simulation system is designed based on the VC/OpenGL program framework to provide real-time spatial navigation information for the rover. The city model is built by the Google SketchUp software and is soft in the 3DS Ma X. The reloading is reloaded into the OpenGL program framework. Users roam in the first or third perspectives in the virtual scene, and follow the pre set path points from the starting point to the end of the route. Several navigation messages provided by the system include the direction of the travel, the phase to the distance, the type of intersection and the route attributes. To navigate information, participants can navigate in a strange city environment with a variety of tactile stimuli. The simulation system also provides a fixed bird's eye view, roaming timing and movement route display and preservation. According to the tactile perception mechanism of human skin, two kinds of tactile modes of tactile vibration and temperature are selected to map multidimensional navigation letters. The types of their parameters are analyzed in detail, and the parameters suitable for information coding are screened. According to the types of navigation messages, two or more levels are distinguished in each parameter. The vibration tactile feedback is provided by a cylindrical vibrating motor, and the vibration wave propagation on the skin is theoretically explored. The thermo tactile display is presented by a typical Perle post unit, and the thermal response curve in the skin is derived based on the semi infinite mass model. For the tactile navigation training system, the most widely accepted multi resource theory of Wickens, Prenav and Chorems theory, is used to explain why the tactile channel is used as the wearer's table. The navigation information is successful. A multi tactile navigation training system based on virtual environment is proposed, and the wearable design is made with the help of backpack, belt and arm band. The hardware design of the multi tactile navigation training system is introduced, the J 'navigation information acquisition module, the core processing module, the vibration tactile feedback module and the hot touch are analyzed. The device selection, the composition principle and the electrical connection of each module. The wearable effect of the multi tactile expression device is realized, and it is successfully worn in the waist, upper arm and other parts of the human body to meet the requirements of the system portability and mobility. The software design of the multi tactile navigation training system is carried out, including the multi tactile navigation system. The driver of the tactile expression device and the tactile training software. The driver is designed from the RT-thread transplant, the navigation information acquisition program, the navigation information decoding program and the thread synchronization, and realizes the real-time acquisition, decoding, and multi touch expression function of the multidimensional navigation information. The tactile training software provides training and evaluation. The two function is to set up a test platform for psychological experiment. The design principle of complex tactile icons is introduced. According to the types of urban navigation information, the design and recognition of three parameters compound vibratory tactile, four parameter compound temperature and vibratory tactile icons are studied. The first experiment shows the leveling of the three parameter tactile icons. The average recognition rate is up to 95.47%. In all 24 icons, people can identify 19.70 types correctly. Second experiments show that the average recognition rate of the four parameter tactile icons is slightly lower, but 24.42 of the 32 icons can be identified reliably. The third experiments are the evaluation of the two tactile expressions in the simple urban environment constructed. Model navigation effectiveness. From experimental results, it is very easy to identify three-dimensional navigation information in three parameter vibrational tactile icons. It does not seem to cause confusion for the participants' sequential presentation of four different tactile stimuli. Although the average recognition rate of the four parameter composite icons is slightly lower, the participants navigate in the virtual scene. The performance is significantly better than the three parameter tactile icon. Fourth experiments extend the moving direction to 8, the type of tactile icons are also increased to 64, but the average recognition rate of these icons is not significantly reduced, still 91.86%, the type of image identification can be identified to 45.52. It is feasible to transfer multidimensional navigation information by tactile icons. It has an analogy with the auditory icons and converted icons. The design principles of the transformational tactile icons are analyzed, and the four vibration of four parameters, the design and identification of a temperature three vibration and two temperature two vibrational tactile tactile maps are carried out in turn. Fifth experiments show that the average recognition rate of the four vibration conversion tactile icons is 74.77%, and about 31 of all 64 icons can be correctly identified; the average recognition rate of one temperature and three vibration icons in the sixth experiments is 85.01%, and 34~35 icons can be identified reliably; seventh is true. The average recognition rate of the two temperature and two vibration icons is 78.20%, and the icons that can be identified are only 28~29. The experimental results show that the average recognition rate and the information transmission ability of the transformational tactile icons are basically satisfied. It is relatively easy to identify the four-dimensional navigation information from these four parameters conversion tactile icons, for the participation of the four parameter tactile icons. At the same time, four different tactile stimulation parameters have not been caused by too much confusion. In the complex virtual city environment, the navigation experiments are carried out with four different tactile expressions, and the participants are judged from two aspects of the navigation performance and cognitive burden, and the participants are using a temperature and three vibration conversion tactile icon. It's best now.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.41

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