本文選題：低功耗有損網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 降低能耗��； 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、M2M[網(wǎng)絡(luò)、移動社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)等新興網(wǎng)絡(luò)的迅猛發(fā)展與廣泛應(yīng)用,將進一步推動信息技術(shù)滲透到人類活動的方方面面。然而,這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)都面臨著兩個共同的問題：(1)通常工作在無線環(huán)境下,鏈路穩(wěn)定性較差,具有較高的誤碼率：(2)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的無線節(jié)點通常使用電池供電,是能量受限的低功耗設(shè)備。具有以上特點的網(wǎng)絡(luò),可以統(tǒng)稱為低功耗有損網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Low-power and Lossy Network, LLN)。高誤碼率和低功耗給LLN網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來了可靠性與節(jié)能之間的矛盾。一般而言,為了提高可靠性,數(shù)據(jù)傳輸過程中通常會增加數(shù)據(jù)冗余、增強差錯恢復(fù)機制；而考慮到節(jié)能需求,則需要降低數(shù)據(jù)冗余,減少數(shù)據(jù)傳輸次數(shù)�？紤]到LLN網(wǎng)絡(luò)常見的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,這兩者不能做簡單的取舍。數(shù)據(jù)傳輸可靠率過低,可能導(dǎo)致業(yè)務(wù)中斷,這在某些應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域(如軍事偵察、實時監(jiān)測、醫(yī)療看護等)可能帶來嚴(yán)重的后果。另一方面,能耗過高,可能導(dǎo)致節(jié)點和網(wǎng)絡(luò)提前失效,使得業(yè)務(wù)徹底中斷。因此,研究兼顧節(jié)能需求的LLN網(wǎng)絡(luò)可靠傳輸技術(shù),具有重要的意義。LLN網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)所攜帶信息的特點可以分成多種類型,其中最具典型性的有兩種：(1)數(shù)量眾多的常規(guī)數(shù)據(jù)。這類數(shù)據(jù)往往包含諸如溫度、濕度、血壓、短文本等短信息,數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)量眾多,但每個數(shù)據(jù)所封裝而成的報文長度都較短。這類數(shù)據(jù)對可靠性有較高的要求,但是對時延的容忍度較為寬松。(2)體量巨大的實時多媒體數(shù)據(jù)。LLN網(wǎng)絡(luò)中另一類非常重要的應(yīng)用是實時多媒體應(yīng)用,如實時音/視頻監(jiān)控、視頻會議等。這類數(shù)據(jù)信息量大、占用網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源多、對時延要求高,但是對數(shù)據(jù)的丟失容忍度高于普通常規(guī)數(shù)據(jù)。這兩類數(shù)據(jù)特征鮮明、需求相反,需要分別考慮。目前已經(jīng)存在大量關(guān)于節(jié)能和增強數(shù)據(jù)可靠性的研究。但是,這些研究中很大一部分是單獨針對節(jié)能或者可靠性進行的,不能直接應(yīng)用于LLN網(wǎng)絡(luò)；還有一部分研究將節(jié)能與可靠性進行了結(jié)合,但往往基于某種具體場景,無法適應(yīng)LLN網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用類型多變化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)差異化、數(shù)據(jù)類型多樣化的特征。因此,本論文結(jié)合不同數(shù)據(jù)類型的特點,以提高數(shù)據(jù)可靠性、降低能耗為目標(biāo),兼顧網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)與應(yīng)用特點,進行了如下研究：(1)針對數(shù)量眾多的常規(guī)數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合其數(shù)據(jù)短、報文多的特點,采用自動請求重傳(Auto Retransmission reQuest, ARQ)機制保證其可靠性需求。分別針對樹狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)和平面網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),對傳統(tǒng)的ARQ機制進行了改進,提出了低開銷高能效ARQ算法與分段ARQ算法,在保證高可靠性的同時降低了ARQ機制帶來的能量開銷。本文對ARQ機制的改進,打破了傳統(tǒng)ARQ中相關(guān)功能節(jié)點固化的限制,形成了可以靈活選擇差錯檢查節(jié)點、重傳請求發(fā)起節(jié)點及處理節(jié)點的動態(tài)ARQ系統(tǒng),并且從理論和應(yīng)用效果上進行了分析與驗證。(2)針對體量巨大的實時多媒體數(shù)據(jù),考慮到其實時性要求高、報文的丟失容忍度互不相同、占用網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源多等特點,研究如何利用最少的信道資源(給定信道帶寬),在給定時延約束下保證實時流的有效傳輸。在不同的擦除模型下,提出了其信道傳輸能力上限,形成了一套比較完整的RST (Real-time Stream Transmission,實時流傳輸)容量理論體系,并設(shè)計了高效的糾錯編碼機制,以最少的信道資源和傳輸代價,達到理論傳輸能力上限。(3)為了進一步提高數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送成功率,改善網(wǎng)絡(luò)中報文轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的效率,并減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)中冗余報文的數(shù)量、降低數(shù)據(jù)沖突概率,本文使用費馬點理論建立了r-費馬域,設(shè)計了基于費馬點與費馬域的聯(lián)合路由算法,同時提出了事件發(fā)生預(yù)測與修正模型,形成基于事件預(yù)測的報文減緩機制,在提高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸成功概率的同時,降低了網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗與節(jié)點能耗。與此同時,本論文對所有新提出的理論模型和算法/協(xié)議都進行了理論分析和/或仿真比較,對其正確性和有效性進行了驗證。
[Abstract]:The rapid development and wide application of wireless sensor networks, Internet of things, M2M[network, mobile social network and other emerging networks will further promote the infiltration of information technology into all aspects of human activities. However, these networks are facing two common problems: (1) generally working in wireless environment, the link stability is poor and has a higher level. The bit error rate: (2) the wireless nodes in the network usually use battery power and are low power devices with limited energy. The network with the above features can be referred to as Low-power and Lossy Network (LLN). High bit error rate and low power consumption bring the contradiction between reliability and energy saving to LLN network. Generally speaking, In the process of data transmission, data redundancy is usually increased and error recovery is enhanced. Considering the demand for energy saving, data redundancy and data transmission are reduced. Considering the common application areas of LLN network, the two can not make simple trade-offs. The reliability of data transmission is too low and may lead to business interruption. This may bring serious consequences in some applications, such as military reconnaissance, real-time monitoring, medical care and so on. On the other hand, the high energy consumption may lead to the early failure of nodes and networks and make the business completely disrupted. Therefore, it is important to study the reliable transmission technology of LLN network with energy saving requirements, which is of great significance to the data in the.LLN network. According to the characteristics of the information carried, the most typical of them are two types: (1) a large number of conventional data. Such data often contain short information such as temperature, humidity, blood pressure, short text and so on, but the number of data is very large, but each data is encapsulated in a shorter length. This kind of data has a higher reliability. The tolerance of time delay is more relaxed. (2) the other very important applications of real time multimedia data.LLN network with huge volume are real-time multimedia applications, such as real time audio / video monitoring, video conferencing, etc. this kind of data has large amount of data, takes up more network resources, and requires high delay, but the tolerance to data is lost. Higher than conventional data. These two types of data are characterized by distinct features and need to be considered separately. A large number of studies have already existed on energy saving and reliability enhancement. However, a large part of these studies are aimed at energy saving or reliability, and can not be used directly for LLN networks; and part of the research will be carried out. It can be combined with reliability, but often based on some specific scene, it can not adapt to the variety of LLN network application type, the network architecture is different, and the data types are diversified. Therefore, this paper combines the characteristics of different data types to improve the data reliability, reduce the energy consumption as the goal, and take into account the network architecture and application characteristics. The following research is as follows: (1) in view of the large number of conventional data, with its short data and more messages, the Auto Retransmission reQuest (ARQ) mechanism is used to ensure its reliability requirements. The traditional ARQ mechanism is improved for the tree network structure and the plane network structure, and the low overhead and high-energy efficiency A is proposed. The RQ algorithm and the segmented ARQ algorithm reduce the energy cost of the ARQ mechanism while guaranteeing high reliability. In this paper, the improvement of the ARQ mechanism has broken the restriction of the curing of the related functional nodes in the traditional ARQ, and formed a dynamic ARQ system which can choose the error checking node, retransmit the request for node and handle nodes, and from the theory And the application results are analyzed and verified. (2) in view of the real-time multimedia data with huge volume, considering the high requirement of the real time, the loss tolerance of the message is different and the network resources are occupied, how to use the least channel resources (the given channel bandwidth) to ensure the effective transmission of the real-time flow under the time delay constraint. Under different erasure models, the upper limit of channel transmission capacity is put forward, a complete set of RST (Real-time Stream Transmission, real-time flow transmission) capacity theory system is formed, and an efficient error correcting coding mechanism is designed, with the minimum channel resource and transmission cost to reach the upper limit of theoretical transmission capacity. (3) for further study In order to improve the success rate of data transmission, improve the efficiency of message forwarding in the network, reduce the number of redundant messages in the network and reduce the probability of data conflict, this paper uses ferma point theory to establish the r- ferma domain, designs a joint routing algorithm based on ferma point and ferma domain, and presents a prediction and correction model of event occurrence, which is based on the formation of the event occurrence prediction and correction model. The message mitigation mechanism of event prediction reduces network energy consumption and node energy consumption while improving the probability of data transmission success. At the same time, this paper makes a theoretical analysis and / or simulation comparison of all the new theoretical models and algorithms / protocols, and verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN919.3

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