本文選題：中央凹魚眼鏡頭 + 緊湊型魚眼鏡頭��； 參考：《南京理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：具有實時成像的大視場、高分辨率緊湊型魚眼物鏡系統(tǒng)在先進的軍事及民用領(lǐng)域有著重要的應(yīng)用,特別是在安保以及目標跟蹤/制導(dǎo)領(lǐng)域,超寬視場的監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)不僅可以避免盲區(qū),同時可以減少全方位追蹤威脅的時間。傳統(tǒng)鏡頭因視場有限,限制了其在許多場合的應(yīng)用。盡管與傳統(tǒng)鏡頭相比,現(xiàn)今包含魚眼鏡頭在內(nèi)的全景成像系統(tǒng)有諸多優(yōu)點,但其仍存在許多不足,如在中心區(qū)域存在大范圍的盲區(qū)或低分辨率區(qū)和相對復(fù)雜的設(shè)計要求。因此有必要研究更加簡單緊湊,且具有超寬視場的成像物鏡模型,以實現(xiàn)無盲區(qū)或低分辨率區(qū)的實時高分辨率成像。本文研究了可見光波段0.38μm-0.76μm波長范圍內(nèi)的魚眼物鏡系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、特性分析及評價。文中采用了多種設(shè)計方法,提出了全新的中央凹光投影模型,該模型在不影響成像質(zhì)量的前提下降低了系統(tǒng)設(shè)計難度。本文主要內(nèi)容包括如下四部分:首先闡述了魚眼物鏡系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中的難點以及限制成像質(zhì)量的主要因素。利用近軸光線追跡方程求解出魚眼鏡頭的初始結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。設(shè)計了 F/4和F/3.75的兩種全球面微型魚眼鏡頭系統(tǒng),其全視場均達到220°。利用ZEMAX光學(xué)設(shè)計軟件對兩種系統(tǒng)的成像質(zhì)量進行了評估。結(jié)果表明,這兩種高分辨率成像系統(tǒng)具有極好的亮度均勻性,并實現(xiàn)了顏色校正。提出了準對稱初始結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計方法,該方法降低了魚眼物鏡系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計難度并提高了整個系統(tǒng)的成像質(zhì)量。提出了緊湊型魚眼鏡頭的設(shè)計方法和建模理論,并對系統(tǒng)的成像質(zhì)量和公差進行了分析。所設(shè)計的F/2.8緊湊型魚眼鏡頭的成像質(zhì)量與百萬像素級的電子成像儀相當。在超寬視場相機的設(shè)計中,光投影函數(shù)尤為重要。本文推導(dǎo)出了全新的超寬視場的投影函數(shù),我們稱之為中央凹魚眼透鏡模型。該模型建立了徑向畸變和視場角之間的關(guān)系。針對投影的特性以及相關(guān)的設(shè)計結(jié)果與經(jīng)典的等距魚眼鏡頭投影函數(shù)進行對比,中央凹投影模型具有實時追蹤、超寬視場成像的優(yōu)點。通過ZEMAX軟件中用戶自定義的宏程序,利用簡單的畸變控制設(shè)計了兩個快速高分辨成像的中央凹魚眼鏡頭系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)的視場角達到170°,超過整個成像區(qū)域(視場)52%的中心區(qū)域無畸變。為了實現(xiàn)中央凹魚眼鏡頭的校正和畸變圖像的修正,對投影幾何學(xué)中必要的理論進行了闡述。分析了一些校正強徑向畸變的模型,并描述了該模型的優(yōu)缺點。討論了校正中央凹/傳統(tǒng)的魚眼鏡頭內(nèi)部參數(shù)的方法。利用MATLAB程序生成不同的徑向畸變仿真圖像,模擬了中央凹魚眼鏡頭校正模型和成像過程。在未進行其他校正的前提下,在整個畸變圖像區(qū)域內(nèi),利用中央凹模型可以獲得超過52%的高質(zhì)量、無畸變的透視投影圖像。無論魚眼透鏡是否進行畸變校正,所提出的中央凹魚眼透鏡模型更加適用于實時安保及多目標追蹤/制導(dǎo)。本文提出的魚眼物鏡模型在飛速發(fā)展的超寬視場成像鏡頭及其最新應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域有著重要作用,該模型簡化了設(shè)計過程,提高了系統(tǒng)的緊湊性,并改善了實時成像質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:With the large field of view with real-time imaging, the high resolution compact fish eye lens system has an important application in the advanced military and civil fields. Especially in the security and target tracking / guidance field, the ultra wide field of view monitoring system can not only avoid blind area, but also reduce the time of omnidirectional tracking of threats. Limited, it restricts its application on many occasions. Although it has many advantages compared with the traditional lens, there are many advantages of the panoramic imaging system including the fish eye lens, but there are still many shortcomings, such as the wide blind area or low resolution zone in the central area and the relatively complex design requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to study more simple and compact. An imaging objective model with ultra wide field of view is used to realize real-time high resolution imaging without blind or low resolution regions. This paper studies the design, analysis and evaluation of the fish eye lens system in the wavelength range of 0.38 m-0.76 mu m in the visible light band. This model reduces the difficulty of the system design without affecting the imaging quality. The main contents of this paper include the following four parts: first, the difficulties in the design of the fish eye lens system and the main factors limiting the quality of the imaging are expounded. The initial structural parameters of the fish glasses are solved by using the near axis ray tracing equation. The F/4 and F/3.75 are designed. The total field of view of the two global microminiature fish eye lens system is 220 degrees. The imaging quality of the two systems is evaluated using the ZEMAX optical design software. The results show that the two high-resolution imaging systems have excellent luminance uniformity and color correction. A design method of quasi symmetric initial structure is proposed. The method reduces the design difficulty of the fish eye lens system and improves the imaging quality of the whole system. The design method and modeling theory of the compact fish eye lens are put forward, and the imaging quality and tolerance of the system are analyzed. The image quality of the F/2.8 compact fish eye lens is equivalent to the megapixel electronic imager. In the design of the ultra wide field camera, the light projection function is particularly important. This paper derives a new projection function of the ultra wide field of view. We call it the central concave fish eye lens model. The model establishes the relationship between the radial distortion and the field angle. In contrast, the central concave projection model has the advantages of real-time tracking and ultra wide field of view imaging. Through the user defined macro program in ZEMAX software, two fast and high resolution imaging system of the central concave fish eye lens is designed by simple distortion control. The field angle of the system reaches 170 degrees, exceeding the entire imaging area (field of view) 52%. In order to correct the correction of the central concave fish eye lens and the correction of the distorted image, the necessary theory in the projective geometry is expounded. Some models for correcting the strong radial distortion are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the model are described. The method of correcting the internal parameters of the central concave / traditional fish eye lens is discussed. The use of M is used. The ATLAB program generates different radial distortion simulation images, and simulates the correction model and the imaging process of the central concave fish eye lens. Under the premise of no other correction, more than 52% of the high quality, undistorted view projection images can be obtained by using the central concave model in the whole distorted image region. Whether the lens is distorted or not, the distortion can be distorted. The proposed model of the central concave fish eye lens is more suitable for real-time security and multi target tracking / guidance. The fish eye lens model proposed in this paper plays an important role in the rapid development of ultra wide field of view lens and its latest application fields. This model simplifies the design process, improves the compact of the system, and improves the real-time performance. It's like quality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.41

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本文編號：1915948