本文選題：亞毫米波 + 準光技術　； 參考：《東南大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：亞毫米波介于微波毫米波與紅外之間,兼有二者的優(yōu)點,同時又能克服它們的缺點,使其在通信、目標探測、制導、空間遙感等方面具有重大的科學價值和廣闊的應用前景。單脈沖技術是一種精密角度測量技術,已被廣泛應用于各種衛(wèi)星通信及精確制導雷達系統中。近年來,微波毫米波頻段的單脈沖天線已經得到了廣泛而深入的研究,但工作于亞毫米波頻段單脈沖天饋的研究尚未見到相關報道。鑒于此,本文對亞毫米波單脈沖天線進行了一些相關的研究,這對于亞毫米波單脈沖天線的發(fā)展具有重大意義。論文主要工作和貢獻如下:1)研究了準光和差比較器的基本原理并采用基于時域有限差分法(FDTD)的精確數值分析方法仿真、優(yōu)化準光和差比較器的性能,在此基礎上基于準光技術設計了一種工作于亞毫米波頻段的單脈沖天饋系統,提出了采用介質棱鏡校正口徑面場分布的方法來改善和差輻射特性,有效地抑制了和波束的副瓣電平,并完成了實物的加工制作及實驗測試,測試結果與仿真結果吻合良好。2)介質透鏡和衍射光學元件在亞毫米波準光單脈沖天線方向圖改善方面的研究。首先通過對基本遺傳算法中選擇、交叉、變異算子的改進,提出了一種具有較強全局尋優(yōu)能力和收斂速度的改進型遺傳算法,進而結合時域有限差分方法(FDTD)和衍射積分公式(Stratton-Chu)優(yōu)化設計修正雙曲型介質透鏡和衍射光學元件,使得準光單脈沖天線的和差輻射特性得到了較好的改善。3)基于準光技術設計并實現了一種工作于亞毫米波頻段的單脈沖天線,該單脈沖天線主要由準光和差比較器、波束波導饋電系統、卡塞格倫雙反射面構成。四個橢球面反射鏡構成的波束波導傳輸系統可以實現電磁波束的低損耗、高效傳輸及波束束腰變換,卡塞格倫雙反射面實現了高增益、低副瓣的方向圖輻射特性。最后,完成了所設計準光單脈沖天線的實物加工和實驗測試,實測結果與仿真結果吻合良好,驗證了設計的有效性。4)在亞毫米波頻段研究并設計了能夠同時實現方位面、俯仰面和差輻射特性的二維準光單脈沖天線。首先,基于矩陣論和傅里葉變換技術分析了準光型法拉第旋轉器的特性,設計了應用于收發(fā)隔離通道的準光型環(huán)行器;其次設計了可雙極化工作的3dB波束分束器,進而研究分析了所設計的二維準光和差比較器的性能;然后基于遺傳算法優(yōu)化設計了一種介質透鏡,使得所設計的二維準光單脈沖天線的和差輻射特性得到了較大的改善;最后完成了整個單脈沖天線的結構設計,為后續(xù)的實驗驗證奠定了基礎。
[Abstract]:The sub-millimeter wave lies between microwave millimeter wave and infrared wave. It has the advantages of both, and it can overcome their shortcomings, which makes it have great scientific value and broad application prospect in communication, target detection, guidance, space remote sensing and so on. Monopulse technology is a kind of precise angle measurement technology, which has been widely used in various satellite communication and precision guidance radar systems. In recent years, the monopulse antenna of microwave millimeter wave band has been widely and deeply studied, but the research of monopulse antenna in sub-millimeter wave frequency band has not been reported. In view of this, this paper has carried on some related research to the sub-millimeter wave monopulse antenna, which has the great significance for the development of the sub-millimeter wave monopulse antenna. The main work and contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) the basic principle of quasi-optical and differential comparator is studied, and the performance of quasi-optical and differential comparator is optimized by using an accurate numerical analysis method based on FDTD (finite-difference time-domain method). On the basis of this, a monopulse antenna feed system working in submillimeter wave frequency band is designed based on quasi-optical technique. A method of correcting aperture field distribution by using dielectric prism is proposed to improve the harmonic radiation characteristics. The sidelobe level of the sum beam is effectively suppressed, and the fabrication of the object and the experimental test are completed. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. 2) the study of improving the pattern of submillimeter wave quasi-monopulse antenna with dielectric lens and diffractive optical elements. By improving the selection, crossover and mutation operators in the basic genetic algorithm, an improved genetic algorithm with strong global optimization ability and convergence rate is proposed. Furthermore, the modified hyperbolic dielectric lens and diffractive optical element are optimized by using FDTD (finite difference time domain method) and the diffraction integral formula (Stratton-Chu). The sum difference radiation characteristics of quasi-optical monopulse antenna are improved better. 3) based on quasi-optical technology, a monopulse antenna working in sub-millimeter wave band is designed and implemented. The monopulse antenna is mainly composed of quasi-optical and differential comparator. The beam-guide feed system is composed of Cassegrain double reflector. The beam-guide transmission system composed of four ellipsoidal reflector can realize the low loss of electromagnetic beam, high efficiency transmission and beam waist transformation. Cassegrain double reflector realizes the radiation characteristics of high gain and low sidelobe. Finally, the design of quasi-optical monopulse antenna is processed and tested. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results, and the validity of the design. 4) in the sub-millimeter wave band is studied and the azimuth plane can be realized at the same time. Two-dimensional quasi-optical monopulse antenna with pitch plane and differential radiation characteristics. Firstly, based on matrix theory and Fourier transform technique, the characteristics of quasi-optical Faraday rotator are analyzed, and a quasi-optical circulator is designed for transceiver isolation channel. Secondly, a dual-polarizable 3dB beam splitter is designed. Then, the performance of the two-dimensional quasi-optical and differential comparator is studied and analyzed, and then a dielectric lens is optimized based on genetic algorithm, which improves the sum difference radiation characteristics of the two-dimensional quasi-optical monopulse antenna. Finally, the structure design of the monopulse antenna is completed, which lays a foundation for the subsequent experimental verification.
【學位授予單位】：東南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN820

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