本文選題：激光主動探測識別技術(shù) + 貓眼效應(yīng)��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機械與物理研究所)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著針孔攝像頭、微型攝像機等光電竊視偵察設(shè)備的普及,室內(nèi)場所中進行的各類活動面臨著日益嚴峻的信息泄露的威脅。泄露的敏感信息可能造成嚴重的軍事、社會及商業(yè)損失。針對這一問題,可以利用激光主動探測識別技術(shù)對室內(nèi)環(huán)境中隱藏的竊視偵察設(shè)備進行反偵察檢測,排除潛在威脅。激光主動探測識別技術(shù)主要利用光電系統(tǒng)所具有的“貓眼效應(yīng)”,通過目標回波信號的強度特征進行識別。然而,在室內(nèi)環(huán)境中由于受較短的作用距離和高反射率干擾物等因素的影響,某些干擾物體也會對主動探測激光形成強度較高的反射信號。這些反射信號于某些情況下在強度特性上與真實目標所產(chǎn)生的回波信號十分接近。因此,僅僅依靠“貓眼效應(yīng)”中的強度特征無法辨識真?zhèn)文繕�。本文深入研究了光電系統(tǒng)在激光主動探測下所具有的特征與特性,解決了在室內(nèi)環(huán)境下應(yīng)用識別技術(shù)的難點,并研制了一套手持操作式的微型相機檢測設(shè)備。本論文針對真?zhèn)文繕朔瓷湫盘枏姸认嘟膯栴},提出了一種局部紋理準則來描述“貓眼效應(yīng)”中回波信號光截面的分布特征。并通過結(jié)合局部紋理準則和修改過的形態(tài)學(xué)準則,又提出了一種綜合判定準則。該準則在復(fù)雜環(huán)境中的平均識別率為91%,與單獨使用形態(tài)學(xué)準則和局部紋理準則相比,在平均識別率上分別提高了23%和21%。針對探測和識別過程實時性的問題,本文主要從算法優(yōu)化上開展研究。本文提出了一種基于同心雙窗模板匹配的連通域搜索算法,用于獲取信號光斑在圖像中的位置。該算法在搜索過程中引入形態(tài)學(xué)約束條件來排除在形態(tài)特征上明顯異于真實目標的連通域,減少了區(qū)域標記的計算量,提升了算法速度。在研制設(shè)備上采用dsp+fpga的嵌入式系統(tǒng)架構(gòu),并對其進行了相應(yīng)的優(yōu)化。實驗結(jié)果表明:上位機的平均計算時間為0.0804s,設(shè)備樣機的平均用時為0.097s,達到實時性的要求。與最新的方法相比,本文算法在計算速度上是mspf算法并行模式的19.1~23.0倍;mspf算法串行模式的12.4~15.0倍;spcs算法的35.4~42.7倍;sfdc算法的63.7~76.9倍。針對便攜式系統(tǒng)研制中的技術(shù)實用化問題,本文提出了一種基于目標稀疏性的自適應(yīng)閾值分割算法,配合窄帶濾光片設(shè)計,解決對視場內(nèi)光電目標反射信號與背景信號之間的初步分割問題。該方法替代了傳統(tǒng)的主被動圖像差分策略,克服了主被動圖像差分方法難以在手持操作式設(shè)備上應(yīng)用的缺陷。本文基于在實驗室環(huán)境中所進行的大量實驗數(shù)據(jù),針對本文提出的準則及相關(guān)算法的各方面的性能進行了分析和評價。上位機實驗對算法的可行性、適應(yīng)性、實時性和局限性等方面進行了研究。結(jié)果表明,在可行性方面,本文提出的算法在原理上的正確可行;在適應(yīng)性方面,本文算法對外界光照強度和作用距離2.2~4.2m范圍內(nèi)具有魯棒性。實時性方面已在前文中提到。局限性研究表明:當場景中包含高反射率的拋光球面干擾物或圓形金屬干擾物體時,并且當他們的反射信號局部像素灰度值分布特性與真實目標類似時,本文算法失效。在對設(shè)備樣機的試驗中,本文設(shè)備成功地識別出完全隱藏在畫框內(nèi)的微型攝像機,該隱藏相機在不拆卸畫框的情況下依靠人工檢查難以發(fā)現(xiàn),證明了設(shè)備在實際應(yīng)用中的有效性和超越人工排查的優(yōu)越性。本論文對隱蔽光電目標的激光主動探測識別技術(shù)在室內(nèi)環(huán)境中的應(yīng)用做出了開創(chuàng)性的工作;對用于識別技術(shù)的光電目標特征及度量準則方面做出了貢獻;研制出了能夠?qū)嶋H應(yīng)用的原理樣機,填補了國內(nèi)該領(lǐng)域?qū)嵱迷O(shè)備的空白;對光電目標主動探測識別技術(shù)的發(fā)展起到了促進作用。
[Abstract]:With the popularity of pinhole cameras, micro cameras and other photoelectric scouting equipment, all kinds of activities in indoor places are faced with the threat of increasingly severe information leakage. The sensitive information leaked may cause serious military, social and commercial losses. The hidden spy devices in the environment detect anti reconnaissance and eliminate potential threats. The laser active detection and recognition technology mainly uses the "cat eye effect" of the photoelectric system to identify the intensity characteristics of the target echo signal. However, in the indoor environment, the short range of action and the high reflectivity interferon are used in the indoor environment. With the effect of the element, some interfering objects will also form a high intensity reflection signal to the active detection laser. These reflected signals are very close to the echo signals produced by the real target in some circumstances. Therefore, the true and false targets can not be identified only by the strength characteristic of the "cat eye effect". This paper is deeply studied in this paper. The characteristics and characteristics of the photoelectric system under active laser detection have solved the difficulty of the application of recognition technology in the indoor environment, and developed a set of hand-held micro camera detection equipment. In this paper, a local texture criterion is proposed to describe the "cat eye effect" for the problem of the close intensity of the reflected signal of the true and false targets. By combining the local texture criterion and the modified morphological criterion, a synthetic criterion is proposed. The average recognition rate of this criterion in complex environment is 91%, compared with the use of morphological criteria and local texture criteria, the average recognition rate is increased by 23% and 21%, respectively. Aiming at the problem of real-time detection and recognition process, this paper mainly studies the algorithm optimization. In this paper, a connected domain search algorithm based on concentric double window template matching is proposed to obtain the location of the signal spot in the image. The algorithm introduces morphologic constraints in the search process to exclude the obvious morphological features. The connected domain, which is different from the real target, reduces the calculation amount of regional markings and improves the speed of the algorithm. The embedded system architecture of dsp+fpga is adopted on the development equipment, and the corresponding optimization is carried out. The experimental results show that the average computing time of the upper computer is 0.0804s, the average use of the device prototype is 0.097s, and the requirement of real time is achieved. Compared with the latest method, the algorithm in this paper is the 19.1~23.0 times of the parallel mode of MSPF algorithm, the 12.4~15.0 times of the serial mode of the MSPF algorithm, the 35.4~42.7 times of the SPCs algorithm, and the 63.7~76.9 times of the SFDC algorithm. In this paper, an adaptive threshold based on the target sparsity is proposed for the problem of the practical technology in the development of the portable system. The value segmentation algorithm, combined with the narrow band filter design, solves the problem of the initial segmentation between the reflected signal and the background signal in the field of view. This method replaces the traditional passive image difference strategy and overcomes the defect that the main and passive image difference method is difficult to apply on the hand-held operation. This paper is based on the laboratory environment. A large number of experimental data carried out in this paper are analyzed and evaluated in accordance with the criteria proposed in this paper and the performance of all aspects of the related algorithms. The upper computer experiment has studied the feasibility, adaptability, real-time and limitation of the algorithm. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is correct and feasible in principle. In terms of adaptability, this algorithm is robust within the range of 2.2~4.2m and the range of external illumination. Real time has been mentioned in the previous article. The limitation study shows that when the scene contains high reflectivity polished spherical interfering or circular metal interfering objects, and when the local pixel gray value distribution of their reflected signals is distributed. When the characteristics are similar to the real target, this algorithm fails. In the test of the device prototype, the device successfully identifies the miniature camera that is completely hidden in the frame. The hidden camera is difficult to find by manual inspection without removing the picture frame, which proves the effectiveness of the equipment in the practical application and beyond the manual investigation. This paper makes a pioneering work on the application of the active detection and recognition technology for the concealed photoelectric target in the indoor environment, and makes a contribution to the characteristics of the photoelectric target and the measurement criterion used in the identification technology, and has developed the principle sample machine that can be applied in practice, and fills the blank of the practical equipment in this field. It has promoted the development of photoelectric target active detection and recognition technology.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機械與物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.41

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