本文選題：TDLAS + 光纖甲烷傳感器��； 參考：《山東大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：能源是人類生存和發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎,關系著國計民生和國家安全。在能源的開采利用過程中,生產(chǎn)安全成為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的一項重要課題。近年來,國家對安全生產(chǎn)給予了極大的重視,安全生產(chǎn)事故總量呈下降趨勢,但是重特大事故頻發(fā)且危害嚴重。在我國煤炭領域,瓦斯和自然發(fā)火是煤礦安全生產(chǎn)中的兩種主要災害。針對瓦斯災害,瓦斯監(jiān)測監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是監(jiān)測預警的主要手段。當前煤礦監(jiān)測監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的主要問題在于所用的催化燃燒式傳感器存在可靠性差,頻繁校準,壽命短、量程小等問題；傳統(tǒng)紅外傳感器存在易受背景氣體干擾,在高粉塵、高濕度環(huán)境無法正常使用,烯烴類氣體交叉干擾嚴重、功耗大等難題；這些傳感器已不能適應礦山安全的需求。煤礦自然發(fā)火的預測預警主要采取氣體指標分析預報辦法。傳統(tǒng)自然發(fā)火所用的痕量氣體檢測設備主要是色譜分析系統(tǒng),存在著設備復雜、操作復雜、分析速度慢、不能實現(xiàn)在線監(jiān)測等問題,限制了其應用范圍。隨著技術進步,改進的束管系統(tǒng)采用紅外分析儀來代替部分色譜分析儀,加快了檢測速度,存在的缺陷是測量氣體種類少,無法實現(xiàn)存在較大交叉干擾的烯烴類痕量氣體檢測。因此現(xiàn)有檢測技術的缺陷限制了火災預測預報技術的發(fā)展�；诩す夤庾V技術的光纖氣體檢測技術具有高分辨率、高選擇性、多組分以及低功耗等優(yōu)點,成為工業(yè)有害氣體檢測的有效工具,能有效解決煤礦安全領域氣體檢測存在的問題,為煤礦災害的預測預報提供可靠的數(shù)據(jù)保障。本論文來源于煤礦安全的實際需求。結(jié)合礦山安全的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀尤其煤礦安全對氣體檢測技術的需求,提出用可調(diào)諧激光光譜技術來解決煤礦瓦斯和火災等主要災害急需的氣體傳感產(chǎn)品的需求問題。通過調(diào)研分析,從儀器整體設計的主要矛盾出發(fā),討論了光纖氣體傳感系統(tǒng)中存在的激光器波長漂移導致測量誤差的問題,痕量氣體檢測中光學噪聲的干擾問題,以及多組份檢測中存在的交叉干擾問題等；提出了一種基于預置零點背景氣體的痕量氣體檢測方法和基于多變量的交叉干擾去除方法；研制了低光學噪聲的探測器和光纖耦合長光程氣室；開發(fā)了光纖甲烷傳感器和光纖多組份氣體傳感器；對傳感器性能進行了全面的測試分析;并系統(tǒng)的在煤礦安全領域多個場合的進行了現(xiàn)場試驗研究。結(jié)果表明研制的光纖氣體傳感器具有良好的性能,滿足煤礦安全領域的應用需求。文章主要研究了以下幾個方面的內(nèi)容：1.通過調(diào)研分析,確定了課題研究方向。對激光光譜技術的基礎理論知識進行深入研究,通過光譜吸收技術一般理論以及激光吸收光譜的理論分析,為傳感器的研制提供了理論依據(jù)。2.研制基于激光吸收光譜技術的光纖甲烷傳感器。采用直接吸收光譜技術,針對當前光纖甲烷傳感器存在的易受光強擾動和激光器漂移造成的穩(wěn)定性差和測量誤差大難題,提出基于參考光路與參考氣室的自校準方案,有效消除了激光波長漂移的影響。提出了一種基于最小二乘法的氣體校準方法,通過阻尼最小二乘法提高了大量程范圍的測量精度。對研制的傳感器進行了詳細的性能和可靠性測試。3.分析了激光吸收光譜中對微量氣體分析中存在的問題,針對光器件中存在的光學噪聲,研制了低噪聲光電探測器；基于赫里奧特池原理研制了一種光纖耦合的長光程檢測氣室。對不同的噪聲處理算法進行了研究,采用傅里葉變換濾波算法較大抑制了光學干涉噪聲,采用卡爾曼濾波算法進行測量結(jié)果的噪聲濾除,提高了測量穩(wěn)定性。4. 由于不同光學元件造成的背景波動,限制了系統(tǒng)的探測限的提升。為了進一步提高系統(tǒng)檢測限,提出了一種基于預置零點的背景優(yōu)化痕量氣體檢測方法,結(jié)合最小二乘擬合算法實現(xiàn)了ppm級一氧化碳氣體的準確、穩(wěn)定探測。5.根據(jù)多種氣體檢測的需求,提出了基于波分復用的激光器陣列的多氣體檢測技術方案。針對不同氣體之間測交叉干擾難題,結(jié)合多組分檢測,提出了基于氣體濃度和光譜的多變量分析方法,實現(xiàn)了交叉干擾的有效去除。6.針對煤礦安全的需求,研究了一氧化碳、乙烯、乙炔等痕量氣體的檢測,進行了系統(tǒng)的測試,實現(xiàn)了氣體濃度的高靈敏度高精度檢測。7.結(jié)合現(xiàn)場需求,開展了光纖氣體傳感器在煤礦安全領域的應用研究,驗證了傳感器應用于現(xiàn)場測量的可行性。通過本課題的研究,主要做了以下幾個方面的創(chuàng)新性工作：1.研制了一種光纖甲烷傳感器。針對當前激光甲烷傳感器存在的易受光強擾動和激光器輸出波長漂移造成的穩(wěn)定性差和測量誤差大難題,提出基于參考光路與參考氣室的自校準方案,有效消除了激光波長的影響。開展了針對光纖甲烷傳感器的可靠性試驗,為傳感器未來的實際應用打下良好的基礎。2.分析了光器件中存在的光學干涉噪聲,研制了一種低噪聲光電探測器,解決了探測器光學噪聲引起的檢測背景漂移難題。3.基于赫里奧特長光程池原理,研制了一種光纖耦合的長光程檢測氣室。氣室可以做為了獨立元件使用,也可以通過光纖進行級聯(lián)形成更長光程的氣室,方便了痕量氣體檢測技術的研究。4. 提出了一種基于預置零點的背景優(yōu)化氣體檢測方案。采用參考氣室與傳感氣室的級聯(lián)實現(xiàn)了傳感信號背景的增強,有效消除了噪聲造成的背景波動,結(jié)合最小二乘擬合和卡爾曼濾波算法最終實現(xiàn)了ppm級一氧化碳氣體的準確穩(wěn)定探測。5.基于波分復用方式實現(xiàn)了多激光器陣列的多組分氣體檢測技術,結(jié)合多變量分析方法,有效減小氣體交叉干擾對檢測結(jié)果的影響。研制了光纖多組分氣體檢測儀。
[Abstract]:Energy is an important material basis for the survival and development of human beings, which is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood and national security. In the process of exploitation and utilization of energy, production safety has become an important subject in the economic development. In recent years, the state has paid great attention to the safety production, and the total amount of safety production accidents is declining, but the important event is so frequent. In the field of coal, gas and natural fire are the two main disasters in the safety production of coal mine. In view of the gas disaster, the gas monitoring and monitoring system is the main means of monitoring and early warning. The main problem of the current coal mine monitoring and control system is the poor reliability and frequent calibration of the catalytic combustion sensor used. The traditional infrared sensors are easy to be disturbed by the background gas, can not be used normally in the high dust, high humidity environment, the cross interference of the olefin gas is serious, and the power consumption is big. These sensors are unable to meet the needs of the mine safety. The prediction and early warning of the spontaneous combustion of coal mine mainly adopts the gas index points. The trace gas detection equipment used in traditional natural fire is mainly the chromatographic analysis system, which has complicated equipment, complicated operation, slow analysis speed, can not realize on-line monitoring and so on. It restricts its application range. With the progress of technology, the improved beam tube system adopts infrared analyzer instead of partial chromatograph analyzer. The detection speed has been speeded up, and the defect is that there are few kinds of gas and can not realize trace gas detection with large cross interference. Therefore, the defects of the existing detection technology restrict the development of fire prediction and prediction technology. The optical fiber gas detection technology based on laser spectroscopy has high resolution, high selectivity and multi component. With the advantages of low power consumption and so on, it has become an effective tool for the detection of industrial harmful gas. It can effectively solve the existing problems of gas detection in the field of coal mine safety and provide reliable data guarantee for the prediction and prediction of coal mine disasters. This paper is derived from the actual demand of coal mine safety. The demand of the technology of tunable laser spectroscopy is proposed to solve the demand problem of gas sensing products which are urgently needed in coal mine gas and fire disaster. The problem of measurement error caused by laser wavelength drift in the optical fiber gas sensing system is discussed by the main contradiction of the overall design of the instrument. The interference of optical noise in trace gas detection, as well as the cross interference in multicomponent detection, etc., a trace gas detection method based on the preset zero background gas and the cross interference removal method based on multi variable is proposed, and a low optical noise detector and a optical fiber coupled long range gas chamber are developed. The fiber optic methane sensor and optical fiber multi component gas sensor were sent, and the performance of the sensor was tested and analyzed. The field test was carried out on several occasions in the field of coal mine safety. The results show that the developed fiber gas sensor has good performance and meets the application demand in the field of coal mine safety. The main contents are as follows: 1. through investigation and analysis, the research direction of the subject is determined. The basic theoretical knowledge of laser spectroscopy is deeply studied. Through the general theory of spectral absorption technology and the theoretical analysis of the laser absorption spectrum, the theoretical basis of the research of the sensor is provided by.2.. Direct absorption spectroscopy is used to solve the problem of poor stability and measurement error caused by light intensity disturbance and laser drift in current fiber optic methane sensor. A self calibration case based on reference light path and reference gas chamber is proposed, which effectively eliminates the influence of laser wavelength drift. A gas calibration method based on least square method is developed, and the measurement accuracy of a large range of range is improved by the damped least square method. A detailed performance and reliability test for the developed sensor is carried out to analyze the problems in the analysis of the trace gas in the laser absorption spectrum and the optical noise in the optical device,.3.. A low noise photodetector is developed, and a fiber coupled long path detection gas chamber is developed based on the principle of the herb pool. The different noise processing algorithms are studied. The Fourier transform filtering algorithm is used to suppress the optical interference noise, and the Calman filter algorithm is used to filter the noise of the measurement results. In order to further improve the detection limit of the system, a background optimization trace gas detection method based on the preset zero point is proposed in order to further improve the detection limit of the system. In order to further improve the detection limit of the system, a method based on the least square fitting algorithm is proposed to achieve the accuracy of the carbon monoxide gas of the ppm level and the stable detection of.5, in order to further improve the detection limit of the system. According to the demand of multi gas detection, a multi gas detection scheme for laser array based on wavelength division multiplexing is proposed. In view of the cross interference problem between different gases and multi component detection, a multivariable analysis method based on gas concentration and spectrum is proposed, which realizes the effective removal of.6. against coal mine safety. The detection of trace gases such as carbon monoxide, ethylene, acetylene and other trace gases was studied. The high sensitivity and high precision detection of.7. combined with the field requirement was realized. The application of optical fiber gas sensor in the field of coal mine safety was carried out, and the feasibility of the sensor used in the field measurement was verified. The research of the problem is made in the following aspects: 1. developing a fiber optic methane sensor. Aiming at the difficulty of the stability and measurement error caused by the light intensity disturbance and the laser output wavelength drift in the current laser methane sensor, a self calibration scheme based on the reference light path and the reference gas chamber is proposed. The effect of laser wavelength is eliminated effectively. The reliability test for optical fiber methane sensor is carried out. The optical interference noise in the optical device is analyzed for the practical application of the sensor in the future. A low noise photodetector is developed, which solves the difficulty of detecting background drift caused by the optical noise of the detector. Problem.3. based on the principle of the long light path pool, a fiber coupled long path detection gas chamber is developed. The gas chamber can be used for independent components and can be cascaded through fiber to form a gas chamber with longer light range. The study of trace gas detection technology is convenient..4. proposed a background optimized gas examination based on the preset zero point. Using the cascade of reference gas chamber and sensing chamber to enhance the background of the sensing signal, the background fluctuation caused by noise is eliminated effectively. The accurate and stable detection of PPM carbon monoxide gas is realized by the least square fitting and Calman filter algorithm, and the multi laser array is realized based on the wavelength division multiplexing mode of.5.. Multi component gas detection technology, combined with multivariable analysis method, effectively reduces the influence of gas cross interference on the detection results. A multi component gas detector is developed.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP212

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