本文選題：量子信息 + 量��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：量子信息物理學(xué)是基于量子物理的原理來研究信息學(xué)的學(xué)科,同經(jīng)典信息學(xué)相比,在解決一些問題上有巨大優(yōu)勢�；诹孔恿W(xué)的基本原理可以實現(xiàn)量子密鑰分發(fā)(QKD),可以理論上無條件安全地進行密鑰的擴展,配合一次一密的加密方式,可以實現(xiàn)無條件安全的保密通信。基于量子態(tài)疊加干涉的量子指紋比對,可以做到比經(jīng)典方案更節(jié)約信息量�；诹孔討B(tài)測量塌縮原理的量子隨機數(shù),可以做到比經(jīng)典隨機數(shù)更加安全,理論上是無法預(yù)測的。本論文首先介紹一種高度抗信道干擾的新型QKD方案。普通的QKD方案對系統(tǒng)的錯誤率有著嚴格的要求,而這種方案可以容忍很高的錯誤率,理論上可以到50%的極限。之后我們介紹原方案的一些不足,在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們提出了該方案的被動式實現(xiàn),并演示了其高容錯率的能力。我們的方案在53 km的距離上,比特錯誤高達31.2%的時候依然可以成碼。這超越了現(xiàn)有的其它QKD協(xié)議,有望應(yīng)用于環(huán)境干擾較大的場合。指紋識別是經(jīng)典信息論中的一個重要內(nèi)容,為了讓Referee判斷出Alice和Bob雙方的信息是否相同,Alice和Bob只需發(fā)送一小段"指紋"數(shù)據(jù)給Referee。對于經(jīng)典的n長度的字串做指紋識別,需要發(fā)送(?)量級的信息量,而量子態(tài)有著相干疊加的性質(zhì),n個qubits相干疊加可以有2n個基矢,從而能攜帶的信息量指數(shù)的優(yōu)于經(jīng)典比特。亦即,理論上通過log2n量級的qubits就可以完成指紋識別的任務(wù)。我們首先介紹了更加實用的相干態(tài)量子指紋識別方案,證明其同樣擁有指數(shù)量級的優(yōu)勢,然后我們進行了遠距離的量子指紋識別試驗,通過優(yōu)化各個部分的性能,在20km的距離下實現(xiàn)了優(yōu)于經(jīng)典理論極限的指紋識別,是目前量子指紋識別的最遠距離,而且是首個超越經(jīng)典信息理論極限的量子指紋識別實驗。隨機數(shù)產(chǎn)生器也是通信領(lǐng)域用到的關(guān)鍵器件。經(jīng)典的隨機數(shù)通常用偽隨機數(shù)或經(jīng)典物理隨機數(shù)的方式產(chǎn)生。前者的安全性依賴于計算復(fù)雜度的假設(shè),后者也不能完全證明不被攻擊者控制。而量子隨機數(shù)的產(chǎn)生依賴于量子力學(xué)假設(shè),其隨機性在量子力學(xué)框架下,不受攻擊者影響。本論文提出了一種測量設(shè)備無關(guān)的量子隨機數(shù)產(chǎn)生器的方案,在保持量子隨機數(shù)的理論安全性的同時,也關(guān)閉了使用現(xiàn)實的探測器可能帶來的漏洞,進一步提高了實用環(huán)境下的安全性。
[Abstract]:Quantum information physics is based on the principle of quantum physics to study the subject of informatics. Compared with classical informatics, quantum information physics has great advantages in solving some problems.Based on the basic principle of quantum mechanics, the quantum key distribution can be realized, the key can be extended unconditionally and safely in theory, and the secure communication can be realized by using one encryption method at a time.Quantum fingerprint comparison based on quantum state superposition interference can save more information than classical scheme.Quantum random numbers based on the collapse principle of quantum states can be more secure than classical random numbers and can not be predicted theoretically.In this paper, we first introduce a novel QKD scheme with high anti-channel interference.The common QKD scheme has strict requirements for the error rate of the system, and this scheme can tolerate a very high error rate, which can theoretically reach the limit of 50%.Then we introduce some shortcomings of the original scheme, and on this basis, we propose a passive implementation of the scheme, and demonstrate its ability of high fault tolerance.Our scheme can still be coded at a distance of 53 km when the bit error is as high as 31.2%.This goes beyond other existing QKD protocols and is expected to be used in situations where there is greater environmental interference.Fingerprint identification is an important part of classical information theory. In order for Referee to judge whether the information between Alice and Bob is the same or not, it is only necessary to send a little "fingerprint" data to Referee.For the classic n-length string fingerprint identification, you need to send.)The quantum state has the property of coherent superposition. N qubits coherent superposition can have 2n basis vectors, so the information quantity exponent is better than the classical bit.In other words, the task of fingerprint identification can be accomplished by log2n qubits.We first introduce a more practical scheme of quantum fingerprint identification for coherent states, and prove that it also has the advantage of exponential magnitude. Then we conduct a long-distance quantum fingerprint identification experiment to optimize the performance of each part.Fingerprint identification, which is better than the limit of classical theory, is realized at the distance of 20km. It is the farthest distance of quantum fingerprint recognition at present, and it is the first quantum fingerprint identification experiment that surpasses the limit of classical information theory.Random number generator is also a key device used in communication field.Classical random numbers are usually generated by pseudorandom numbers or classical physical random numbers.The security of the former depends on the assumption of computational complexity, and the latter can not be completely proved to be out of the control of the attacker.The generation of quantum random numbers depends on the assumption of quantum mechanics, and its randomness is not affected by the attackers under the framework of quantum mechanics.In this paper, a scheme of measuring device independent quantum random number generator is proposed, which not only keeps the theoretical security of quantum random number, but also closes the loophole that may be brought by using real detector.The security in practical environment is further improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O413;TN918

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1 管建宇;光纖量子密碼和量子指紋識別研究[D];中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué);2017年

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本文編號：1750848