本文選題：光纖傳感技術(shù)　切入點(diǎn)：混合結(jié)構(gòu)模式干涉　出處：《河南師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：光纖傳感技術(shù)是以光波為載體,光纖為媒質(zhì),感知和傳感外界被測量信號的新型傳感技術(shù)。作為被測信號載體的光波和作為傳播媒質(zhì)的光纖,具有抗電磁干擾能力強(qiáng)、易為各種光電探測器件接收、方便光電轉(zhuǎn)換以及適用于遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。光纖傳感技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢是高靈敏度、高精度、多參數(shù)、同步在線、功能集成以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)化等。本論文系統(tǒng)研究了包括干涉?zhèn)鞲�、激光傳感、腔衰蕩傳感和偏振傳感四種新型結(jié)構(gòu)的光纖傳感器的工作原理。并在分析上述傳感器的理論基礎(chǔ)上,對它們應(yīng)用于溫度、濃度和旋光角的測量進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)探究,主要研究內(nèi)容及創(chuàng)新成果包括以下幾個方面。(1)在依據(jù)光纖中模式傳播特性基本原理的基礎(chǔ)上,對錯位光纖、無芯光纖和法拉第旋鏡組成的混合馬澤-邁克爾遜結(jié)構(gòu)的模式干涉和錯位光纖傳感結(jié)構(gòu)不同位置處的電場分布進(jìn)行理論建模分析,并進(jìn)一步對干涉信號模式傳播的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合,深入比較和分析了使用法拉第旋鏡消除光纖中的偏振態(tài)變化、補(bǔ)償極化引起的信號衰減和消除外部擾動的原因和結(jié)果,為光纖混合干涉型傳感技術(shù)應(yīng)用于溫度和濃度測量研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(2)對混合馬澤-邁克爾遜結(jié)構(gòu)的模式干涉技術(shù)應(yīng)用于溫度和濃度測量進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)合理設(shè)置的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。1)靈敏度增強(qiáng)型基于錯位光纖的混合馬澤-邁克爾遜干涉的溫度傳感系統(tǒng)。通過使用法拉第旋鏡使光纖傳感器具有較寬的應(yīng)用測量范圍,同時該系統(tǒng)可以有效地消除偏振狀態(tài)隨機(jī)變化帶來的影響,提高了系統(tǒng)的靈敏度和穩(wěn)定性。2)基于無芯光纖的多模干涉效應(yīng)理論,實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個單模-無芯-單模-錯位結(jié)構(gòu)的溫度自補(bǔ)償?shù)臏囟群蜐舛葴y量傳感系統(tǒng)。所制備的單模-無芯-單模-錯位傳感部分最后通過檢測反射的包層模波長漂移實(shí)現(xiàn)了對溫度和液體濃度的測量,該系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性得到進(jìn)一步提高。同時創(chuàng)新性的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了無芯光纖對三種重金屬溶液濃度的線性傳感規(guī)律,為在一定范圍內(nèi)為檢測重金屬溶液濃度提供了一種有效的手段。對比分析了基于錯位光纖的激光測溫方法與FRM干涉測溫方法,二者主要不同點(diǎn)在于錯位光纖在激光測溫系統(tǒng)中相當(dāng)于濾波器,激光輸出位置只選擇在錯位光纖干涉光譜的波峰處,因此,激光的中心波長將隨著溫度的變化而發(fā)生平移。實(shí)驗(yàn)對比結(jié)果表明,錯位光纖的FRM干涉測溫法靈敏度和穩(wěn)定性均優(yōu)于激光測溫法。實(shí)現(xiàn)了對錯位光纖溫度傳感系統(tǒng)和無芯錯位光纖濃度傳感系統(tǒng)測量數(shù)據(jù)的光譜分析和算法優(yōu)化處理。分別利用改進(jìn)BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和改進(jìn)ELMAN神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)了測量系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)分析和預(yù)測。給出了改進(jìn)神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),詳細(xì)分析了網(wǎng)絡(luò)訓(xùn)練過程和參數(shù)的選取,最后分別對比說明了溫度和濃度數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)測值分析及誤差分析,同時驗(yàn)證了該算法在光纖溫度和濃度傳感上的可行性,這也為錯位光纖在壓力、曲率等其他物理量傳感上的精確測量提供了新思路。(3)提出了基于錯位光纖的腔衰蕩光譜技術(shù)的溫度傳感系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)朗伯-比爾定律理論分析了環(huán)腔損耗及衰蕩時間與錯位傳感部分隨溫度變化的關(guān)系,錯位量的變化和由溫度引起的錯位長度的變化最終可以通過測量衰蕩時間檢測出來,該系統(tǒng)改進(jìn)了光譜解調(diào)方式并簡化了信號的采集處理過程。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)選擇不同錯位量時,通過曲線擬合獲得了衰蕩時間τ和錯位量D之間的關(guān)系,錯位量對衰蕩輸出波形有較大的影響。若輸入光功率足夠大,錯位光纖的引入使腔內(nèi)總損耗增加從而導(dǎo)致衰蕩時間明顯減少。(4)針對現(xiàn)有干涉型濃度傳感系統(tǒng)存在的測量精度不高和解調(diào)困難等問題,提出了一種新型兩級調(diào)制的磁致旋光角和濃度的偏振測量傳感系統(tǒng)。這種技術(shù)將傳統(tǒng)的直流調(diào)制磁光檢測技術(shù)與交流調(diào)制磁光檢測技術(shù)相結(jié)合,去除了純交流調(diào)制產(chǎn)生的磁旋光角變化引起的誤差。設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了脈沖寬度調(diào)制控制的交直流調(diào)制信號源。實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了摻鋱(Tb~(3+))光纖可以用于交直流調(diào)制旋光溶液濃度測量系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)采用包括對準(zhǔn)裝置在內(nèi)的全光纖鏈路,使傳感設(shè)備更便攜和緊湊。
[Abstract]:Optical fiber sensing technology is to light as the carrier and optical fiber as the medium, the new sensor technology and sensor sensing the measured signal. As the external optical signal measured by carrier and optical fiber as a communication medium, has the strong ability of anti electromagnetic interference, easy for a variety of photoelectric detector receiver, photoelectric conversion and convenient for remote monitoring etc.. The development trend of optical fiber sensing technology is of high sensitivity, high precision synchronous on-line, multi parameter, function, integration and network. This thesis has studied including interferometric sensing, laser sensor, the working principle of cavity ring down sensor and optical fiber sensing polarization of four kinds of new structure. And in the theoretical basis of the analysis of the sensor on the use of them in measuring temperature, concentration and rotation angle were studied with experiments, the main research contents and innovations include the following aspects. (1) in accordance with the According to the basic principle of the mode propagation characteristics in optical fiber, optical fiber of dislocation and dislocation, the electric field distribution mode interference optical fiber sensing structure at different locations without mixing Ma Ze Michelson structure and core fiber Faraday rotator mirror the theoretical modeling and analysis, and further to fit the interference signal model of communication data. Further comparison and analysis of the use of the Faraday rotation mirror to eliminate the polarization variation in the optical fiber, and eliminate the cause and result of external disturbance compensation signal attenuation due to polarization, optical fiber sensing technology in the application of mixing type of measurement of temperature and concentration of the foundation. (2) of the mixed Ma Ze Michelson structure mode interference technology the application experiments were conducted to study the system structure of.1 in the measurement of temperature and concentration) sensitivity enhanced fiber mixed dislocation interference based on Ma Ze Michelson The temperature sensing system. With the application of a wide measurement range by using Faraday rotation mirror to make optical fiber sensor, and the system can effectively eliminate the influence of random polarization state changes, improve the sensitivity and stability of.2 system) multimode non core fiber interference effect theory based on the implementation of a single - core single mode - dislocation structure temperature self compensation of temperature and concentration measurement sensor system. The prepared single - core single-mode - no dislocation sensing part finally realized the measurement of temperature and concentration of liquid through the cladding mode wavelength shift detection of reflection, the stability of the system has been further improved. At the same time, innovative experiment the experiments show that the linear sensing rules of three kinds of heavy metal concentration in the core optical fiber, for a certain range of concentration detection of heavy metal solution provides an effective means of comparative analysis. With the method of FRM laser temperature measurement method based on optical fiber displacement interference thermometry, the two main difference lies in the dislocation of optical fiber in laser measurement system is equivalent to the filter, select only the crest, spectral interference in the fiber laser output position so the dislocation, the center wavelength of the laser will change with temperature. The experimental results show that the translation optical fiber FRM interferometer, dislocation temperature sensitivity and stability are better than the laser temperature measurement method. The spectrum of misalignment of optical fiber temperature sensing system and non core optical fiber sensing system for measuring dislocation concentration data analysis and algorithm optimization. Using the improved BP neural network and the measurement system of data analysis and prediction of improved ELMAN neural the network is given. An improved neural network structure, a detailed analysis of the selected network training process and parameters, finally, in contrast to the temperature and concentration Analysis and error analysis of data value prediction, and verifies the feasibility of the algorithm in optical fiber sensing the temperature and concentration, which also misplaced fiber in pressure, provides a new idea for accurate measurement of curvature and other physical quantity sensor. (3) proposed the temperature sensing system down spectroscopy optical fiber cavity ring dislocation based on the Lambert law. According to the Bill theory to analyze the ring cavity loss and relation ring down time and displacement sensing part varies with temperature, change of displacement and temperature caused by dislocation length can eventually by measuring the ringdown time detecting, the system improves the spectrum demodulation and simplifies the acquisition process signal. The experimental results show that when choosing different displacement, obtained by curve fitting the relationship between the ringdown time and offset D, offset of the ring down have a greater impact on the output waveform. If the input optical power is large enough, the dislocation of the optical fiber so that total loss resulting in increased cavity ringdown time was significantly reduced. (4) to improve the measurement accuracy of the existing interferometric sensing system of density is not high and the demodulation difficulty, proposed polarization measurement sensor system Faraday angle and the concentration of a new two stage modulation. This technique will direct modulation magnetic detection technology and traditional optical communication optical modulation magnetic detection technology combining magnetic rotation error caused by pure AC modulation produced by angle removal. The design and implementation of pulse width modulation control of DC modulation signal source. Experimental verification of terbium doped fiber (Tb~ (3+)) can be used to make optical modulation solution concentration measurement system of DC, the system uses optical fiber link including the alignment device, the sensing device is more portable and compact.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP212

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