本文關(guān)鍵詞： 衍射極限 超振蕩光場(chǎng) 超分辨成像 寬帶 消軸向色差　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(光電技術(shù)研究所)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：成像技術(shù)發(fā)展是推動(dòng)科技進(jìn)步的重要驅(qū)動(dòng)力,在物理、化學(xué)、生物、材料、醫(yī)學(xué)、生命科學(xué)等學(xué)科領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了廣泛并深遠(yuǎn)的影響。衍射現(xiàn)象作為光波的固有屬性,限制了光學(xué)成像系統(tǒng)的分辨率,如何突破衍射極限、提高成像系統(tǒng)分辨率成為當(dāng)今科學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)問題。目前掃描近場(chǎng)光學(xué)顯微鏡、負(fù)折射率超透鏡、受激輻射損耗顯微鏡等超分辨成像技術(shù)在顯微成像、微納光刻等方面取得了一定進(jìn)步,然而它們無法用于目標(biāo)處于無窮遠(yuǎn)時(shí)的望遠(yuǎn)模式。近年來,超振蕩現(xiàn)象利用光場(chǎng)的精細(xì)干涉行為,在遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)局部區(qū)域可以產(chǎn)生超出光場(chǎng)最高空間頻率的信息,這種現(xiàn)象可以用于望遠(yuǎn)成像系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)超分辨成像,但是卻面臨著工作波長帶寬窄、能量效率低等問題。針對(duì)望遠(yuǎn)模式下超分辨成像以及超振蕩光場(chǎng)的窄帶寬問題,本論文開展了基于超振蕩光場(chǎng)的遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)超分辨成像原理和方法研究,論文研究內(nèi)容主要包括:1、設(shè)計(jì)和搭建了一種實(shí)時(shí)、無需后續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)處理、非相干的超分辨望遠(yuǎn)成像系統(tǒng),建立了局部光學(xué)傳遞函數(shù)模型,闡述了超振蕩現(xiàn)象在望遠(yuǎn)成像模式下超分辨成像機(jī)理,實(shí)驗(yàn)上獲得了0.55倍衍射極限的成像分辨率,測(cè)試了系統(tǒng)對(duì)離軸物體、復(fù)雜物體的超分辨成像效果,同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了大目標(biāo)物體的拼接成像,拓展了超振蕩成像視場(chǎng)。2、提出了一種寬帶超振蕩透鏡的設(shè)計(jì)方法,采用亞波長矩形孔結(jié)構(gòu)的相位調(diào)制機(jī)理來構(gòu)建超振蕩相位,其獨(dú)特的相位調(diào)制特性保證了不同波長下結(jié)構(gòu)表面處超振蕩相位的無色散性,同時(shí)分析了不同波長下寬帶超振蕩透鏡產(chǎn)生的軸向焦移現(xiàn)象和超振蕩焦斑的變化規(guī)律,實(shí)驗(yàn)上驗(yàn)證了可見光~近紅外波段范圍內(nèi)0.674倍衍射極限的寬帶聚焦效果。3、針對(duì)寬帶超振蕩透鏡的軸向色差問題,提出了兩種消軸向色差超振蕩器件的設(shè)計(jì)方法:第一種采用亞波長矩形孔結(jié)構(gòu)頻率響應(yīng)特性配合器件分區(qū)方式,理論上實(shí)現(xiàn)了雙波長消軸向色差超衍射聚焦;第二種在傳統(tǒng)消色差透鏡基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合亞波長矩形孔結(jié)構(gòu)寬帶的相位調(diào)制特性,實(shí)現(xiàn)了寬帶工作波長范圍內(nèi)消軸向色差超分辨成像。實(shí)驗(yàn)上,在中心波長450 nm、550 nm、650 nm以及波長帶寬40 nm的照明光場(chǎng)下,驗(yàn)證了器件的寬帶超衍射聚焦效果和超分辨成像性能;同時(shí)驗(yàn)證了器件的白光超分辨成像性能。
[Abstract]:The development of imaging technology is an important driving force for the advancement of science and technology. It has a wide and far-reaching influence in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, materials, medicine, life sciences and so on. It limits the resolution of optical imaging system, how to break through the diffraction limit, and how to improve the resolution of imaging system has become a hot and difficult problem in current scientific research. At present, scanning near-field optical microscope, negative refractive index super-lens, Superresolution imaging techniques, such as stimulated radiation loss microscopy, have made some progress in the fields of microscopic imaging and micro-nano lithography. However, they cannot be used in the long-range mode of target at infinity. In recent years, Using the fine interference behavior of the light field, hyperoscillation can produce information beyond the maximum spatial frequency of the light field in the local region of the far field. This phenomenon can be used in the telescopic imaging system to realize super-resolution imaging. However, it is faced with the problems of narrow wavelength band and low energy efficiency. In this paper, the principle and method of far-field super-resolution imaging based on superoscillatory light field are studied. The main contents of this thesis include: 1, designing and building a real-time, non-coherent super-resolution telescopic imaging system without subsequent data processing. The local optical transfer function model is established, and the super-resolution imaging mechanism of the superoscillation phenomenon in the telescopic imaging mode is described. The imaging resolution of the diffraction limit of 0.55 times is obtained experimentally, and the off-axis object of the system is tested. The super-resolution imaging effect of complex objects is achieved, and the splicing imaging of large target objects is realized, and the field of view of hyperoscillation imaging is expanded. A design method of wideband ultra-oscillating lens is proposed. The phase modulation mechanism of the subwavelength rectangular hole structure is used to construct the superoscillatory phase. Its unique phase modulation characteristic ensures the non-dispersive property of the superoscillatory phase at the surface of the structure at different wavelengths. At the same time, the phenomenon of axial focal shift and the variation of superoscillatory focal spot produced by broadband ultra-oscillating lens at different wavelengths are analyzed. The wide band focusing effect of 0.674 times diffraction limit in the range of visible light to near infrared band is verified experimentally, and the axial chromatic aberration of broadband ultra-oscillating lens is discussed. In this paper, two design methods of achromatic superoscillator are presented. Firstly, the double wavelength achromatic hyperdiffraction focusing is realized theoretically by using the subwavelength rectangular hole structure frequency response characteristic and the device partition method. Based on the traditional achromatic lens and the phase modulation characteristics of the subwavelength rectangular hole structure, the second method is used to realize the axial achromatic super-resolution imaging in the wide band working wavelength range. In the illumination field with a central wavelength of 450 nm or 550 nm and a wavelength bandwidth of 40 nm, the wide-band ultra-diffraction focusing effect and super-resolution imaging performance of the device are verified, and the white light super-resolution imaging performance of the device is also verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(光電技術(shù)研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.41

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