本文關(guān)鍵詞： 寬頻腦電放大器 動(dòng)態(tài)直流校正技術(shù) EEG-fMRI 電極材料 信噪比 眨眼眼電 形態(tài)學(xué)濾波算法 表面肌電　出處：《電子科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：腦電采集系統(tǒng)是一種對人體無創(chuàng)的電生理信號記錄裝置,該裝置易于操作、實(shí)驗(yàn)成本相對較低,其記錄到的頭表腦電信號(Electroencephalogram,EEG)是大腦神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)活動(dòng)時(shí)的一種同步信息,因此腦電采集系統(tǒng)是科研工作者研究人類大腦功能最常用的工具之一。由于在EEG信號采集過程中,直流偏移電壓對腦電采集系統(tǒng)的影響,以及人們對大腦認(rèn)識的限制,致使當(dāng)前市場上多數(shù)腦電采集系統(tǒng)帶寬較窄,無法獲取新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些有生理意義的低頻或高頻信號。本文采用動(dòng)態(tài)直流校正等技術(shù),解決了當(dāng)前腦電放大器存在的帶寬有限問題。此外,本文也開發(fā)了具有兼容性和開放性的軟件系統(tǒng),并將腦電放大器和軟件系統(tǒng)結(jié)合起來,應(yīng)用到不同的領(lǐng)域,實(shí)現(xiàn)一機(jī)多用。本文具體的研究內(nèi)容為:(1)根據(jù)腦電信號的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)32通道的寬頻腦電放大器。該放大器能夠以5000Hz的采樣率精確采集DC~1000Hz之間的腦電信號。我們在設(shè)計(jì)過程中采用動(dòng)態(tài)直流校正技術(shù),實(shí)時(shí)去除信號采集過程中引入的直流偏移電壓,能夠采集到傳統(tǒng)腦電放大器丟失的低頻信號;同時(shí)通過提高采樣率,優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率,拓展了放大器的高頻帶寬。放大器調(diào)試成功之后,我們按照國家相關(guān)測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對腦電放大器性能進(jìn)行測試。并根據(jù)測試結(jié)果,討論分析電路中存在的問題,優(yōu)化放大器設(shè)計(jì),最終獲得高性能寬頻腦電放大器。利用微軟基礎(chǔ)類庫MFC作為開發(fā)工具,設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)一套軟件系統(tǒng)。該軟件系統(tǒng)與腦電放大器結(jié)合起來形成一套完整的腦電采集系統(tǒng)。(2)為了能夠?qū)⒆灾髟O(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)的寬頻腦電放大器與功能磁共振(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,fMRI)結(jié)合起來,獲得高時(shí)-空分辨率的大腦活動(dòng)信息。本文分別測試三種典型的腦電電極和三種典型的電極膏及其組合對MRI圖像的影響,分析電極材料對MRI圖像產(chǎn)生影響的內(nèi)在原因,并找出適合同步數(shù)據(jù)采集的電極和電極膏。接著將挑選出的電極和電極膏分別放置在實(shí)驗(yàn)水膜和大鼠頭部上,在磁共振設(shè)備中測試是否存在安全性問題。隨后將符合要求的電極、電極膏與腦電放大器結(jié)合,在磁共振設(shè)備中采集腦電數(shù)據(jù)。(3)為了解決真實(shí)腦-機(jī)接口(Brain Computer Interface,BCI)應(yīng)用中,樣本數(shù)量較小時(shí),可能引起的在線測試結(jié)果變差問題。我們對Z-LDA(Z-score Linear Discriminant Analysis)算法進(jìn)行改進(jìn),然后分別利用仿真數(shù)據(jù)和自主設(shè)計(jì)的腦電采集系統(tǒng)采集的真實(shí)腦電數(shù)據(jù),驗(yàn)證改進(jìn)的Z-LDA(Enhanced Z-LDA,E Z-LDA)方法訓(xùn)練小樣本的效果。(4)利用腦電放大器直接獲取眨眼眼電信號,同時(shí)以(1)中的軟件系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ),增加數(shù)字形態(tài)學(xué)濾波算法、動(dòng)態(tài)閾值檢測算法和歸一化算法,識別主動(dòng)眨眼信號,并利用眨眼信號在圖形界面中實(shí)現(xiàn)字符的輸入。(5)利用腦電放大器直接獲取肌電信號,同時(shí)以(1)中的軟件系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ),加入特征提取、模式識別等技術(shù),識別肌電信號的特征,實(shí)現(xiàn)對機(jī)械手的控制。(6)分析直接獲取拉普拉斯信號中存在的問題,以及間接獲取拉普拉斯信號的缺點(diǎn),探討通過硬件電路直接獲取頭皮表面拉普拉斯信號的可行性。綜上所述,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一款寬頻腦電采集系統(tǒng),不僅解決了當(dāng)前腦電采集系統(tǒng)帶寬較窄的問題,并且拓展該腦電采集系統(tǒng)的用途至眼電、肌電信號的采集中,提高了腦電采集系統(tǒng)的使用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The EEG acquisition system is a non-invasive human electrophysiological signal recording device, the device is easy to operate, the cost is relatively low, scalp EEG signal recorded by (Electroencephalogram, EEG) is a kind of synchronization information brain nervous system activity, so the EEG acquisition system is one of the research workers the study of human brain function. The most commonly used tools in EEG signal acquisition process, effects of DC offset voltage on the EEG acquisition system, and the people of the brain for understanding the limitations of the current market most EEG acquisition system with narrow bandwidth, unable to obtain new found some physiological significance of low or high frequency signal. This paper uses the dynamic correction of DC technology, solves the problems of the current limited bandwidth of EEG amplifier. In addition, this paper also developed the software system has compatibility and openness, and EEG The amplifier and the software system are combined, applied to different fields, to achieve a machine. The main contents of this paper are: (1) according to the characteristics of EEG signal, broadband EEG amplifier design. The development of 32 channel amplifier to the sampling rate of EEG signal acquisition DC~ 1000Hz 5000Hz accurately. We use dynamic DC in the design process of correction technology, DC offset voltage into real-time removal process of signal acquisition, can collect the traditional EEG frequency signal amplifier lost; at the same time by increasing the sampling rate, the optimization of data transmission rate, expand the bandwidth of a high frequency amplifier. The amplifier after successful commissioning, we in accordance with the relevant national test standard testing of EEG amplifier. According to test results, discusses the problems existing in the circuit, optimizing the amplifier design, finally obtains the high performance broadband EEG Amplifier. Using the Microsoft foundation class library MFC as the development tool to develop a software system design. The software system and EEG amplifier combine to form a complete set of EEG acquisition system. (2) in order to be able to independently design and development of the broadband EEG amplifier with functional magnetic resonance (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, fMRI) together, get high spatial resolution of brain information. This paper test the effect of three kinds of typical EEG electrodes and three typical electrode paste and its combination of MRI image, and analyze the internal reasons of electrode material affects the MRI image, and find out the electrode for the synchronous data acquisition and then the electrode paste. The selected electrode and electrode paste were placed in the experimental water film and rat head, whether the test in a magnetic resonance device security problems. Then to meet the requirements of the electric pole, electric A cream combined with EEG amplifier, EEG data acquisition in magnetic resonance device (3). In order to solve the real brain computer interface (Brain Computer Interface, BCI) application, the number of samples is small, may cause the deterioration of online test results. The Z-LDA (Z-score Linear Discriminant Analysis) was improved the algorithm, then using simulation data and independently designed EEG acquisition system to collect the real EEG data, verify the improved Z-LDA (Enhanced Z-LDA, E Z-LDA) training method of small sample results. (4) using EEG amplifier direct access to electrical signals at the same time to blink eyes, (1) in the software system based on increasing digital morphological filtering algorithm, dynamic threshold detection algorithm and normalization algorithm, identification and use the blink of an eye blink signal, signal character in a graphical interface input. (5) obtained directly by using EEG amplifier At the same time with the EMG signal, (1) in the software system as the foundation, with feature extraction, pattern recognition, feature recognition of EMG signal, to achieve control of the manipulator. (6) analysis of direct access to the existence of Laplasse signal problems and shortcomings of indirect access to the Laplasse signal, to explore the feasibility of direct access to the surface of the scalp Laplasse signal by hardware circuit. In summary, this paper introduces the design of a broadband EEG acquisition system, not only solve the current acquisition system with narrow bandwidth EEG, and expand the EEG acquisition system to use the EOG signal acquisition, EMG, EEG acquisition system improves the use value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R318;TN911.7

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本文編號：1475556