本文關(guān)鍵詞： 純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn) 防碰撞 壓縮感知 多信道 負(fù)載均衡　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)中的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)一般具有收發(fā)雙向通信功能,但是在一些應(yīng)用中,采用純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)能顯著節(jié)省部署成本和降低節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗。與收發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)相比,純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)無法接收和檢測無線電信號,這使得大量的針對收發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)的通信協(xié)議不能簡單套用,而且由于純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)無法協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)射時(shí)機(jī),信號碰撞很難避免。本文將此類傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)稱為含純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò),按拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)分為單跳網(wǎng)絡(luò)和混合網(wǎng)絡(luò)。本文將含純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了歸納分析,同時(shí)介紹了純發(fā)送工作方式在超寬帶通信中的相關(guān)研究。重點(diǎn)研究了含純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體接入控制層(MAC)協(xié)議和網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議,主要就防碰撞、壓縮感知應(yīng)用模型、多信道工作方式和簇首負(fù)載均衡等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題展開研究。論文的主要工作和貢獻(xiàn)如下:(1)提出了一種基于節(jié)點(diǎn)唯一識別碼生成發(fā)射間隔的算法(IBBIGA)。在一些由純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)組成的即時(shí)定位和物品追蹤系統(tǒng)中,節(jié)點(diǎn)工作時(shí)會在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)廣播數(shù)次自身的唯一識別碼,當(dāng)節(jié)點(diǎn)密度較大時(shí),發(fā)送的信號會產(chǎn)生碰撞,導(dǎo)致信息丟失。IBBIGA利用節(jié)點(diǎn)識別碼的唯一性,為每一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)計(jì)算出一組特定的發(fā)射間隔,以有效避免連續(xù)碰撞的出現(xiàn)。算法能保證各節(jié)點(diǎn)單位時(shí)間內(nèi)平均發(fā)射次數(shù)相等,從而保證各節(jié)點(diǎn)在長時(shí)間工作時(shí)能耗均衡。仿真分析表明,與純ALOHA協(xié)議和INCITS371.1協(xié)議相比,IBBIGA的漏讀率更低。(2)討論了壓縮感知(CS)在純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)采集和匯聚數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)的應(yīng)用方式,針對含純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)單跳網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)采集和匯聚過程,將數(shù)據(jù)采集匯聚分成單個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的采集壓縮和多個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的匯聚傳輸,由采集壓縮的測量矩陣和匯聚傳輸?shù)臏y量矩陣復(fù)合成一個(gè)測量矩陣,即復(fù)合測量矩陣。通過數(shù)學(xué)建模,驗(yàn)證了復(fù)合測量矩陣能保證感知矩陣的約束等距性(RIP)。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)中,在接收端采用復(fù)合測量矩陣和稀疏基對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行重構(gòu),分析了多種測量矩陣復(fù)合后的重構(gòu)效果。結(jié)果表明復(fù)合測量矩陣的重構(gòu)效果與信號的時(shí)間相關(guān)性有關(guān)。相關(guān)性較弱的信號采用高斯測量矩陣和伯努利測量矩陣的恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定性較好,時(shí)間相關(guān)性較強(qiáng)的信號采用隨機(jī)測量矩陣恢復(fù)誤差相對較小。(3)設(shè)計(jì)了一種在多跳傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中部署純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)的多信道MAC協(xié)議(MCTO-MAC)。在含純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)的混合網(wǎng)中,為了增加交付率,純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)會進(jìn)行多次重發(fā),這會造成信號之間的碰撞,影響混合網(wǎng)中收發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)的通信。MCTO-MAC協(xié)議是基于低功耗偵聽(Low Power Listening,LPL)方式,利用多信道機(jī)制,將收發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)和純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)分別安置到兩個(gè)不同的信道進(jìn)行工作。純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)偽隨機(jī)數(shù)計(jì)算的時(shí)間間隔進(jìn)行發(fā)送,在發(fā)送的每一幀中均包含計(jì)算發(fā)送間隔的隨機(jī)數(shù)種子。收發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)接收附近純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù),并轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)。收發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)定時(shí)檢測純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)工作的信道,通過分析接收到的隨機(jī)數(shù)種子預(yù)判出每個(gè)純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)接入信道的時(shí)間,從而安排后續(xù)的接收時(shí)刻。在基于Contiki系統(tǒng)的仿真平臺上進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),測試結(jié)果表明,MCTO-MAC協(xié)議能在不增加網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗的情況下,有效的降低數(shù)據(jù)的相互干擾,增加網(wǎng)絡(luò)的交付率和生存時(shí)間。(4)提出了一種啟發(fā)式簇首負(fù)載均衡算法(LBC-TO)。含純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)的混合網(wǎng)絡(luò)中收發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)接收附近的純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù),通過多跳轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)絽R聚節(jié)點(diǎn),這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)為二層傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)。收發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)責(zé)完成簇首的匯聚和轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能,網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能量消耗主要集中在收發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)上。為了解決含純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中簇首節(jié)點(diǎn)能量消耗均衡問題,本文根據(jù)含純發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn),提出了輸入輸出數(shù)據(jù)壓縮比的概念,通過建立數(shù)學(xué)模型,推導(dǎo)出相鄰簇首節(jié)點(diǎn)之間負(fù)載均衡的條件。算法LBC-TO要求簇首節(jié)點(diǎn)之間交換覆蓋節(jié)點(diǎn)列表,利用負(fù)載均衡的條件,有序的建立接收節(jié)點(diǎn)列表。與其他分簇算法比較,LBC-TO能有效延長混合網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生存時(shí)間。(5)以單體液壓支柱支護(hù)為中心,針對井下工作面工作環(huán)境,介紹基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的液壓支柱壓力檢測系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)及實(shí)現(xiàn)。著重介紹了系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)和人機(jī)交互界面。通過該系統(tǒng)測試了IBBIGA協(xié)議防連續(xù)碰撞的性能,測試結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了協(xié)議能有效的防止連續(xù)碰撞。利用等比例搭建的工作面現(xiàn)場工作網(wǎng)絡(luò),測試了MCTO-MAC和LBC-TO的實(shí)際工作情況,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了MCTO-MAC的節(jié)能效果和LBC-TO的簇首負(fù)載均衡效果均達(dá)到了協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)的目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs) of the sensor nodes generally have two-way communication transceiver functions, but in some applications, the pure hair node can significantly save the deployment cost and reduce energy consumption. Compared with the transceiver node, a node cannot send pure receiving and detecting radio signals, which makes a lot of communication protocol for sending and receiving node design can not simply copy, but because the pure hair node cannot launch time signal coordination, it is difficult to avoid collision. In this paper, the wireless sensor network of such sensor networks called pure send node, according to the topology structure is divided into single hop network and hybrid network. The research status of wireless sensor network node containing the pure hair the analysis, and introduces the related research work in pure transmission in UWB communications. Focus on the wireless transmission node with pure hair The sensor network media access control layer (MAC) protocol and network layer protocol, mainly on anti collision, compressed sensing model, multi channel working mode and the key technical problems of cluster head load balancing is studied. The main contributions of this thesis are as follows: (1) proposed a generation transmission interval based on node unique identification code algorithm (IBBIGA). In some composed of pure hair node positioning and instant goods tracking system, node will work in unit time broadcast several times its own unique identification code, when the node density is high, the sending signal will have a collision, resulting in the loss of information using.IBBIGA only nodes identification code and calculate a specific set of transmission interval for each node, in order to avoid the emergence of continuous collision. The algorithm can guarantee each node per unit time average transmission times are equal, so as to ensure that all nodes in a long time When the balance of energy consumption. Simulation results show that compared with the pure ALOHA protocol and INCITS371.1 protocol, IBBIGA missedreading rate lower. (2) discussed the application of compressed sensing (CS) in pure hair node collection and aggregation data, according to the data collection and aggregation process with pure hair nodes in single hop networks, convergence the data acquisition transmission convergence acquisition and compression of the single node and divided into a plurality of nodes, a measurement matrix composite into a measurement matrix acquisition and compression and transmission convergence measurement matrix, the composite measurement matrix. Through mathematical modeling, verified the measurement matrix composite can guarantee the restricted isometry property awareness matrix (RIP) simulation. In the composite measurement matrix and sparse basis to reconstruct the data at the receiving end, analysis of a variety of measurement matrix reconstruction effect after compound. The results show that the reconstruction effect and signal measurement matrix composite phase time The relevant signal weak correlation. Using Gauss Bernoulli measurement matrix and measurement matrix recovery has good stability, strong signal time correlation with random measurement matrix reconstruction error is relatively small. (3) the design of a multi channel MAC protocol in the deployment of pure hair section in multi hop sensor networks (MCTO-MAC) hybrid network. In the pure nodes containing, in order to increase the delivery rate, pure node data transmission will send multiple retransmission, which will cause a collision between signals, effects of transceiver hybrid network nodes in the.MCTO-MAC protocol is based on low power consumption (Low Power Listening, listen LPL), using multi channel mechanism to send and receive node and node were placed into pure hair two different channels. Pure hair node is calculated according to the pseudo random number intervals were sent in each frame sent are included in the calculation of the transmission interval The random number seed transceiver node responsible for receiving the data sent by the node near the technician, and forwarded to the sink node. Channel transceiver node node send pure timing detection work, the random number seed pre received through the analysis of each sentence of plain text nodes access the channel time to arrange the reception time later in the experiment. Based on the simulation platform of Contiki system, the test results show that the MCTO-MAC protocol can not increase the network energy consumption, reduce the interference data effectively, increase the network delivery rate and survival time. (4) proposed a heuristic cluster load balancing algorithm (LBC-TO). Mixed with pure network transceiver node send node responsible for sending and receiving nodes send pure nearby data forwarding through the data transmission to the sink node in multi hop network structure of the two layer sensor network transceiver node is responsible for completion of the cluster. First the aggregation and forwarding function, the network energy consumption is mainly concentrated in the transceiver node. In order to solve the equilibrium problem with pure hair cluster head node energy consumption of nodes in the network, according to the characteristics of pure development of wireless sensor network node, put forward the concept of input and output data compression ratio, through the establishment of mathematical model, load balancing the condition is derived between adjacent cluster head nodes. LBC-TO algorithm between cluster head nodes exchange overlay node list, by using the load balancing conditions, the establishment of the receiving node ordered list. Compared with other clustering algorithms, LBC-TO can effectively prolong the survival time of the hybrid network. (5) with single hydraulic prop supporting center according to the working surface of the work environment, introduces the design and implementation of hydraulic pressure of the wireless sensor network detection system based on. Emphatically introduces the network structure of the system, sensor node The design and Realization of man-machine interface. Through the system test of the IBBIGA protocol to prevent performance of continuous collision, test results verify the protocol can prevent continuous collision effectively. The proportion of building working surface field work network, MCTO-MAC and LBC-TO of the actual working conditions of the test, the experimental results verify the effect of energy saving and LBC-TO MCTO-MAC the cluster load balancing effect reached the protocol design goals.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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本文編號：1448565