本文關(guān)鍵詞：海水中不同鹽分對(duì)水下光傳輸影響的研究　出處：《河南師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 海水無機(jī)鹽 光散射 吸收 磁場(chǎng) 電導(dǎo)率

【摘要】：由于海水中不僅含有各種千奇百怪、大小不等、形狀不一、結(jié)構(gòu)不同的有機(jī)物質(zhì),還含有大量的無機(jī)物質(zhì),而且所有物質(zhì)都是隨機(jī)分布的。因此光在海水中的傳播比在空氣中傳播時(shí)復(fù)雜得多。海水對(duì)光的衰減主要包括兩個(gè)方面:海水對(duì)光的吸收和海水對(duì)光的散射。海水的衰減系數(shù)是海洋環(huán)境健康狀況的晴雨表,也是評(píng)價(jià)水下通信質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo)之一。鑒于此背景,研究海洋中各種物質(zhì)對(duì)光傳輸?shù)挠绊?以及研究分析其產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理對(duì)水下激光通信、海洋光學(xué)遙感、環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)以及海洋水文勘察等許多領(lǐng)域都有著十分重要的意義。本文從光在海水中的吸收效應(yīng)和散射效應(yīng)兩個(gè)方面入手,對(duì)海水中主要無機(jī)海鹽水溶液的光學(xué)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了深入研究。主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面:首先,為了弄清海水對(duì)光散射、吸收的機(jī)理,本文從離子水合的微結(jié)構(gòu)出發(fā),依據(jù)量子分子動(dòng)力學(xué)理論,采用溶劑化模型,研究海水中不同離子的水合過程,掌握不同離子的水合結(jié)構(gòu),并在此基礎(chǔ)上采用基于瑞利散射理論的離子散射模型結(jié)合密度起伏理論研究了極稀海水中不同鹽分對(duì)光散射的影響。采用該方法對(duì)海水光散射的研究尚屬首次。其次,采用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,詳細(xì)闡述了海水中不同鹽分在可見光波段對(duì)光的吸收特性影響,并建立了電導(dǎo)率與吸收系數(shù)關(guān)系的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ�。在該研究中我們發(fā)現(xiàn),鎂鹽不同于鈉鹽和鉀鹽,具有更為特殊的光學(xué)特性,值得進(jìn)一步的探討和深入研究。再次,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)觀測(cè)磁場(chǎng)作用下離子水合結(jié)構(gòu)的各項(xiàng)異性,揭示了磁場(chǎng)環(huán)境對(duì)海水中不同鹽分的光學(xué)特性影響機(jī)理。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)采用不同偏振方向的入射光時(shí),在相同濃度相同磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度下,經(jīng)磁場(chǎng)磁化作用后的溶液的透射率在不同方向上呈現(xiàn)明顯差異,采用P偏振光得到的透射率總是大于采用S偏振光得到的透射率;溶液濃度越大,其透射率越低;當(dāng)入射光為P偏振光時(shí),磁場(chǎng)的強(qiáng)度越強(qiáng),磁處理后的溶液的透射率越大;但當(dāng)入射光為S偏振光時(shí),磁場(chǎng)的強(qiáng)度越強(qiáng),磁處理后的溶液的透射率卻越低。通過分析純水和不同鹽分水溶液的中紅外光譜發(fā)現(xiàn),磁場(chǎng)改變了水的紅外吸收性質(zhì),純水的紅外光譜吸收強(qiáng)度隨磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的增大而增加。盡管如此,磁場(chǎng)僅僅使純水的吸收峰強(qiáng)度增加了,卻并沒有改變峰的位置。換言之,隨著磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的增加,水分子的極化特性和分子偶極矩增大,分子磁矩發(fā)生改變,但水的分子結(jié)構(gòu)并沒有發(fā)生改變。對(duì)不同鹽分溶液而言,隨著磁場(chǎng)的增強(qiáng),O-H帶寬寬度增加,吸收峰位置向低波數(shù)移動(dòng),鹽離子對(duì)水具有明顯的結(jié)構(gòu)破壞效應(yīng);相比氯鹽對(duì)水分子結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,硫酸鹽對(duì)水分子結(jié)構(gòu)的影響更大,并且不同鹽分溶液的紅外吸收光譜也反映出溶液中陽(yáng)離子和陰離子對(duì)水分子結(jié)構(gòu)的擾動(dòng)狀況。最后,利用阻抗分析儀實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了磁場(chǎng)對(duì)不同海鹽水溶液電導(dǎo)率的影響。通過研究分析,我們擬合出了關(guān)于濃度與電導(dǎo)率的經(jīng)驗(yàn)關(guān)系式,該式子不僅適用于低濃度溶液,也適用于高濃度溶液。不僅如此,新建的關(guān)系式既適用于磁化溶液,又適用于未磁化溶液。另外,通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),磁場(chǎng)對(duì)電導(dǎo)率的影響在一定程度上是由于離子周圍水合層厚度及水分子分布的變化引起的,這種變化也導(dǎo)致了水合半徑發(fā)生了變化。該發(fā)現(xiàn)為進(jìn)一步開展水下磁性目標(biāo)探測(cè)等探索一種新途徑、新方法,同時(shí)也為海洋水文監(jiān)測(cè)等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域提供一定的科學(xué)依據(jù)。目前,有關(guān)海水光學(xué)性質(zhì)的研究主要通過理論模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法,而且實(shí)驗(yàn)研究特別是實(shí)地觀測(cè)的方法具有很大的地域局限性,另外很少有從離子水合等微觀機(jī)理上來研究和分析海水的光學(xué)現(xiàn)象。本文采用離子散射的概念,針對(duì)海水中的幾種主要鹽分對(duì)光散射的影響進(jìn)行了研究,與采用分子散射模型研究海水的光散射相比,在淡海水中該新建模型具有更好的適用性;擬合出了可見光波段吸收系數(shù)與電導(dǎo)率的經(jīng)驗(yàn)關(guān)系式,而且該關(guān)系式對(duì)各種無機(jī)鹽水溶液具有普適性,為下一步進(jìn)行理論研究提供參考;擬合出了不僅適用于低濃度溶液,也適用于高濃度溶液;既適用于磁化溶液,又適用于未磁化溶液的關(guān)于濃度與電導(dǎo)率新的關(guān)系式,為進(jìn)一步開展水下磁性目標(biāo)探測(cè)等探索一種新途徑、新方法。
[Abstract]:Because the water contains not only a variety of all sorts of strange things, sizes, shapes, different structures of organic matter, also contains a large number of inorganic substances, and all substances are randomly distributed. Therefore light propagation in seawater is spread in the air is much more complicated. The sea optical attenuation mainly includes two aspects the scattering of the light absorption and light water on water. The attenuation coefficient of seawater is a barometer of the health of the marine environment, is an important indicator of evaluating communication quality under water. In view of this background, studies the influence of various substances in the ocean of light transmission, and analysis of the mechanism of underwater laser communication. Marine optical remote sensing, has a very important significance in many fields of environmental monitoring and marine hydrographic survey. This paper from two aspects in the light in the water absorbing and scattering effect of the sea The optical properties of inorganic salt aqueous solution is mainly studied. Mainly includes the following aspects: first, to clarify the water absorption of light scattering, the mechanism of the micro structure of ion hydration, based on quantum molecular dynamics theory, the solvation model, study the hydration process of different ions in seawater, grasp the hydrate the structure of different ions, and on the basis of the ion scattering model of Rayleigh scattering theory based on the combination of density fluctuation theory to study the dilute seawater salinity on the light scattering effect. Using the method of light scattering in sea water is the first. Secondly, using the experimental method, the effects of different salt water in characteristics the light absorption of visible light is elaborated, and the establishment of the empirical model of the relationship between conductivity and absorption coefficient. In this study, we found that different from sodium salt and magnesium salt Salt, has more special optical properties, is worth further study and research. Thirdly, through experimental observation field anisotropy of ion hydration structure, mechanism of effect of magnetic field on the optical properties of different salts in seawater was revealed. The experimental results show that when the incident light with different polarization direction, at the same the same concentration of magnetic field intensity, the transmittance of magnetic solution after the role of the obvious difference in different directions, with the transmittance of P polarized light is always greater than the transmittance obtained by S polarized light; the greater the concentration of the transmittance is lower; when the incident light is P polarized light, the strength of the magnetic field is stronger, the transmittance of the solution after the magnetic treatment increases; but when the incident light is S polarized light, the stronger the magnetic field, the magnetic treatment solution transmittance decreased. Through the analysis of pure water and different salt In aqueous solution of infrared spectroscopy, magnetic field changes the water absorption properties of infrared, infrared spectra of pure water absorption intensity increases with the increase of magnetic field intensity. However, only the water absorption peak of the magnetic field strength increases, but does not change the position of the peak. In other words, with the increase of magnetic field intensity, moment the polarization characteristics and molecular dipole water molecules increases, the molecular moment changed, but the molecular structure of the water did not change. The different salt solution, with the increase of the magnetic field, O-H band width increased, absorption peak shifted to low wave number, salt ions have obvious damage effect of structure on the water; compared to the impact of chlorine salt of water molecules, effect of sulfate on the molecular structure of water is greater, and the infrared absorption spectra of different salt solution also reflects the cations and anions in solution of disturbance of the molecular structure of water. Finally, study the influence of magnetic field on different salt water solution conductivity by using an impedance analyzer experiment. Through research and analysis, we made empirical formula on concentration and conductivity of the fitting formula is not only suitable for low concentration solution, also suitable for high concentration solution. Moreover, the new formula is suitable for magnetizing solution. It is suitable for unmagnetized solution. In addition, the analysis found that the effect of magnetic field on the conductivity to a certain extent is due to ions and water molecules around the hydrate layer thickness distribution changes, this change has led to changes in the hydration radius. This discovery to explore a new way for the further development of underwater magnetic target a new detection method, but also provide a scientific basis for the field of marine hydrological monitoring. At present, the research on the optical properties of seawater mainly through theoretical simulation and real Experimental methods and experimental research, especially the field observation methods with regional limitations, in addition there are few up from the microscopic mechanism of ion hydration research and analysis of seawater optical phenomena. This paper uses the concept of ion scattering, aiming at several main salt in seawater on light scattering was studied, compared with the molecular scattering model of seawater light scattering, the applicability of the new model has better light in seawater; fitted empirical formula of visible light absorption coefficient and conductivity, and the relation between the universality of various kinds of inorganic salt solution, provide reference for theoretical research for the next step; fitting that is not only suitable for low concentration solution, also suitable for high concentration solution; which is not only suitable for the magnetization solution, and is suitable for non magnetized solution on the relationship between concentration and conductivity as a new. A new approach and a new method for exploring the underwater magnetic target detection step by step.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P733.31;TN929.3

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