發(fā)布時間：2018-01-04 12:05

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：上海新聞記者職業(yè)團體研究（1921-1937）　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 新聞記者職業(yè)團體 法團主義 黨團 新聞職業(yè)化 國家與社會

【摘要】：新聞記者職業(yè)團體是新聞業(yè)的重要組成部分,是考察新聞職業(yè)化與社會歷史變遷的一個切入點,因而在中國新聞史研究中是不容忽視的,但學(xué)界尚未給予足夠的重視。本文以1921—1937年上海的新聞記者職業(yè)團體為研究對象,力圖彌補相關(guān)研究之不足。近代上海新聞記者職業(yè)團體之興起,既緣于一般意義上記者為謀求提高生活待遇和尊嚴(yán)、保障職業(yè)獨立性的主觀動機，，也與上海作為一個社團型都市所獨有的社會文化環(huán)境密切相關(guān)。1921年11月,上海新聞記者聯(lián)歡會創(chuàng)建,標(biāo)志著中國新聞記者職業(yè)團體的發(fā)軔。1927年4月,國民黨主導(dǎo)建立了上海新聞記者聯(lián)合會,將記者聯(lián)歡會取而代之,后于1932年6月改組為上海市新聞記者公會,直至1937年中日全面戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后停頓。這是1921—1937年上海新聞記者職業(yè)團體演變的歷史脈絡(luò)。在微觀層面上,各團體的組織結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)歷了評議員制向委員制的轉(zhuǎn)變,機構(gòu)設(shè)置日漸復(fù)雜和健全,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層的規(guī)模不斷擴大。權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)和團體性質(zhì)也發(fā)生了變異,從獨立的民間團體變?yōu)槭車顸h控制的半官方組織。在組織管理和運作機制上，各團體既有延續(xù)共通之處,也不乏興革完善。國家的管制從無到有,進(jìn)而對各團體的職能發(fā)揮產(chǎn)生了重大影響。北洋政府沒有將新聞記者職業(yè)團體納入國家治理的軌道,上海新聞記者聯(lián)歡會得以獨立于國家之外,享有高度的自治權(quán)。南京國民政府借助國家法團主義和秘密的黨團組織,將上海新聞記者聯(lián)合會與記者公會置于嚴(yán)密的監(jiān)控之下,使之成為統(tǒng)制新聞記者的工具。對于言論自由,各團體均選擇了不作為,上海新聞記者聯(lián)合會與記者公會甚至積極配合國家的新聞檢查,打壓會員的自由訴求,不復(fù)具有獨立自由的精神。在政治議題上，上海新聞記者聯(lián)歡會終保持了一個旁觀者的姿態(tài),上海新聞記者聯(lián)合會與記者公會的政治參與則是權(quán)力控制下的體制內(nèi)合作,二者視國家的需要展開政治動員,或參加政治選舉。各團體以不同的方式參與了民族主義運動。它們在社會交往方面,有著多重面相。上海新聞記者聯(lián)歡會側(cè)重與國外同業(yè)交流,上海新聞記者聯(lián)合會與記者公會則主要以國內(nèi)法團為交往對象。它們與其他組織或個人之間,既有協(xié)作,也難免發(fā)生沖突。同時,上海的幫會勢力也侵入了各團體,影響逐漸擴大。盡管各團體的職業(yè)保障意識不斷增強,也做出了一定的努力,但它們普遍缺乏執(zhí)行力,許多議案被束之高閣,很難稱為令人滿意的會員權(quán)益代言人。對于國內(nèi)同業(yè)的救助,也多具有象征性,罕有實效。由于它們都不是壟斷性團體,入會人數(shù)有限,加之選舉舞弊,會員流失及離心,在在削弱了各團體的凝聚力,以致無法實現(xiàn)對滬上新聞記者的整合�；谒莆盏牟牧�,我們認(rèn)為：上海的新聞記者職業(yè)團體對于新聞職業(yè)化的作用是微弱的、不明顯的。破解之道在于改變?nèi)苄偷膰抑卫砟Ｊ?從國家法團主義轉(zhuǎn)向社會法團主義,賦予職業(yè)團體充分的獨立性和自治權(quán),才能激活它們促進(jìn)新聞職業(yè)化的潛力。同時,上海各新聞記者職業(yè)團體與國家的關(guān)系并不是對抗式的,它們或者選擇與國家權(quán)力保持距離,或者附庸于國家權(quán)力之下,成為馴從的合作者。
[Abstract]:Journalist occupation group is an important part of journalism, is a starting point of the news occupation and the change of social history, so in the study of China journalism history can not be ignored, but the academic circles have not paid enough attention. Based on the 1921 - 1937 Shanghai news reporter occupation group as the research object, trying to to make up for lack of relevant research. The rise of modern Shanghai journalists occupation groups, both due to the general sense of the reporter to seek to improve themselves and dignity, safeguard the independence of the subjective motives of occupation, with Shanghai as a unique type of urban community social cultural environment is closely related to.1921 in November, the Shanghai news reporter get-together create, marks China journalists occupation group Faren.1927 in April, the KMT led the establishment of the Shanghai Federation of journalists, reporters will get-together instead, after 193 2 years in June for the restructuring of Shanghai Journalists Association, until 1937 in the days after the outbreak of the war. This is a 1921 - 1937 Shanghai news reporter group evolution history of occupation. At the micro level, the organizational structure of each group experienced members of the Council to change the committee system, mechanism is more complicated and perfect that leadership is expanding. The power structure and nature of organization with the variation of the independent civil society as a semi official organization by the Kuomintang control. In the management of the organization and operation mechanism, the group has continued in common, also there is no lack of innovation improvement. Control of the country from scratch, thus each group the function has a significant effect. The government will not press occupation groups into the national governance track, the Shanghai news reporter gala will be independent of the state, enjoy a high degree of self The right to rule. The Nanjing national government with the help of state corporatism and secret party organization, the Shanghai Federation of journalists and Reporters Association in close supervision, making control of press tools for freedom of speech, the groups were chosen as the new Shanghai Journalists Association and actively cooperate with the national the news reporter check with the guild, freedom members no longer have to suppress, independent and free spirit. On political issues, the Shanghai news reporter always maintain a get-together bystanderattitude, Shanghai Federation of journalists and Reporters Association of political participation is the cooperation under the control of power system, two depending on the needs of the country political mobilization, or participate in political elections. Each group in different ways to participate in the nationalist movement. They are socially, with multiple faces of Shanghai news reporter linked. Huan will focus on the exchanges with foreign trade, Shanghai Federation of journalists and Reporters Association is mainly to domestic corporations as contacts. Between them and other organizations or individuals, both cooperation and conflict inevitably. At the same time, the Shanghai Gang forces invaded by various organizations, the influence is expanding gradually. Although each group occupation protection consciousness strengthens unceasingly, has made some efforts, but they generally lack of execution, many motion was shelved, it could hardly be regarded as satisfactory membership interests spokesperson. For domestic industry assistance, more symbolic, because they are not rare. The effectiveness of monopoly groups, the number of membership is limited, and election fraud, and loss of membership in centrifugal, weakening the group cohesion, to achieve the integration of Shanghai journalists. Based on the mastery of the material, we think: Shanghai news reporter Occupation groups is weak for the news of the occupation effect is not obvious. The solution is to change all the national governance mode, from state corporatism to social corporatism, give full occupation group's independence and autonomy, to activate them to promote the new occupation of smell potential. At the same time, Shanghai the journalist occupation groups and the state relationship is not adversarial, or they choose to keep distance with the state power, or dependent on the state power, from the trainer. Cooperation

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G219.29


本文編號：1378409