本文關(guān)鍵詞：水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體接入控制協(xié)議研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks,UWSNs)是當(dāng)前海洋開發(fā)與通信領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。由于采用聲信號(hào)作為傳播媒介,水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)有著低帶寬、長(zhǎng)傳播時(shí)延、高信道動(dòng)態(tài)等特點(diǎn),這些特點(diǎn)給幾乎所有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)核心問(wèn)題的研究和設(shè)計(jì)帶來(lái)了困難和挑戰(zhàn)。如何針對(duì)這些水下網(wǎng)絡(luò)特點(diǎn),構(gòu)建穩(wěn)定高效的水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò),對(duì)海洋資源的合理開發(fā)和海洋環(huán)境的有效保護(hù),都具有十分重要的意義。媒體接入控制(Media Access Control,MAC)技術(shù)是水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的核心問(wèn)題之一,設(shè)計(jì)合理高效的MAC協(xié)議對(duì)水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展尤為重要。本文以水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的媒體接入控制協(xié)議展開研究工作,針對(duì)水聲信道的特點(diǎn),從信道競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、時(shí)間規(guī)劃、信道預(yù)約、數(shù)據(jù)隊(duì)列及功率控制等多個(gè)角度,提出了適用于水下環(huán)境的MAC協(xié)議,并進(jìn)行了性能分析與仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),主要工作和創(chuàng)新性成果如下:(1)針對(duì)經(jīng)典水下MAC協(xié)議slotted-FAMA中存在的多RTS嘗試問(wèn)題,提出了基于RTS競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的RC-SFAMA協(xié)議,通過(guò)引入RTS競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制,使得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)獲勝的節(jié)點(diǎn)可以繼續(xù)進(jìn)行有效數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸,從而提高了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的吞吐量。在RC-SFAMA協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了基于數(shù)據(jù)隊(duì)列的SFAMA-DT協(xié)議,通過(guò)引入握手階段的排序機(jī)制,使得多對(duì)通信節(jié)點(diǎn)能夠以數(shù)據(jù)隊(duì)列的方式在同一個(gè)握手周期內(nèi)依次完成數(shù)據(jù)傳輸并避免沖突的發(fā)生,從而進(jìn)一步減少了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)信道的開銷。(2)針對(duì)水聲信道長(zhǎng)傳播時(shí)延與時(shí)空不確定的特點(diǎn),分別設(shè)計(jì)了基于時(shí)間規(guī)劃與數(shù)據(jù)隊(duì)列的SM-TMAC-DT和MS-TMAC-DT協(xié)議,通過(guò)時(shí)間規(guī)劃合理地安排控制包和數(shù)據(jù)包的發(fā)送時(shí)機(jī),并以數(shù)據(jù)隊(duì)列的形式完成多組數(shù)據(jù)的有效傳輸,提高了一對(duì)多與多對(duì)一網(wǎng)絡(luò)的信道利用率。(3)以降低競(jìng)爭(zhēng)開銷提高水聲信道利用率為目的,提出了基于預(yù)約的數(shù)據(jù)隊(duì)列RMAC-DT協(xié)議,通過(guò)引入預(yù)約機(jī)制、RTS-CTS排序方案和循環(huán)接龍的數(shù)據(jù)隊(duì)列傳輸方式,降低了節(jié)點(diǎn)的平均預(yù)約時(shí)間,減少了節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的等待時(shí)間,有效提高了網(wǎng)絡(luò)吞吐量。(4)針對(duì)水下無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信節(jié)點(diǎn)能量有限的特點(diǎn),以克服傳統(tǒng)功率控制水下MAC協(xié)議的大干擾范圍問(wèn)題為目的,設(shè)計(jì)了基于功率控制的MACA-PC協(xié)議,通過(guò)周期性發(fā)送通知信號(hào)以規(guī)避沖突的方法,解決了大干擾范圍沖突問(wèn)題,采用低功率數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,有效降低了網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信能耗。
[Abstract]:Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. UWSNs (underwater Wireless Sensor Networks) is a hot research area in the field of ocean development and communication. Because of the use of acoustic signals as a media, underwater wireless sensor networks have the characteristics of low bandwidth, long propagation delay, high channel dynamics and so on. These characteristics bring difficulties and challenges to the research and design of almost all the core problems of the network. How to build a stable and efficient underwater wireless sensor network according to the characteristics of these underwater networks. It is very important for the rational exploitation of marine resources and the effective protection of marine environment. Media Access Control is the media access control. Marc) technology is one of the core problems of underwater wireless sensor networks. The design of a reasonable and efficient MAC protocol is particularly important for the development of underwater wireless sensor networks. In this paper, the media access control protocol of underwater wireless sensor networks is studied, aiming at the characteristics of underwater acoustic channels. From the aspects of channel competition, time planning, channel reservation, data queue and power control, a MAC protocol suitable for underwater environment is proposed, and the performance analysis and simulation experiments are carried out. The main work and innovative results are as follows: 1) aiming at the problem of multiple RTS attempts in the classical underwater MAC protocol (slotted-FAMA). The RC-SFAMA protocol based on RTS competition is proposed. By introducing RTS competition mechanism, the node that wins the competition can continue to transmit effective data. In order to improve the throughput of the network. Based on the RC-SFAMA protocol, the SFAMA-DT protocol based on data queue is proposed, and the sorting mechanism of handshake phase is introduced. It enables multiple pairs of communication nodes to complete data transmission and avoid collision in turn in the same handshake cycle by data queue. Thus, the overhead of the competing channel is further reduced. (2) aiming at the characteristics of underwater acoustic channel length propagation delay and space-time uncertainty. The SM-TMAC-DT and MS-TMAC-DT protocols based on time planning and data queue are designed, and the timing of sending control packets and data packets is reasonably arranged by time planning. The efficient transmission of multiple groups of data is completed in the form of data queue, which improves the channel utilization ratio of one-to-many and many-to-one networks. A data queue RMAC-DT protocol based on reservation is proposed, which can reduce the average reservation time of nodes by introducing reservation mechanism into RTS-CTS sorting scheme and data queue transmission mode of cyclic link. It reduces the waiting time for nodes to send data and effectively improves the throughput of the network. 4) aiming at the limited energy of communication nodes in underwater wireless sensor networks. In order to overcome the problem of large interference range of traditional underwater MAC protocol, the MACA-PC protocol based on power control is designed to avoid conflict by sending notification signal periodically. The problem of large interference range conflict is solved, and low power data transmission is used to effectively reduce the energy consumption of network communication.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.3;TP212.9

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本文編號(hào)：1376928