發(fā)布時間：2018-01-03 04:15

  本文關鍵詞：光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)研制優(yōu)化及其邊坡工程應用研究　出處：《山東大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 邊坡地質(zhì)災害 光纖Bragg光柵 靜態(tài)/動態(tài)應變重構(gòu) 信號處理 光纖復用

【摘要】：由中國國土資源部的數(shù)據(jù)可得：自2010年至2014年五年以來,邊坡地質(zhì)災害發(fā)生次數(shù)占我國地質(zhì)災害(邊坡滑坡、泥石流、沉降等)總數(shù)的70%,而且常年居高不下。邊坡地質(zhì)災害每年都會造成巨大的人員傷亡及經(jīng)濟損失,這嚴重影響著我國國民的安全生產(chǎn)生活,制約著經(jīng)濟建設和社會的快速發(fā)展。因此,針對邊坡地質(zhì)災害所占比例系數(shù)大及其本身突發(fā)性強、分布范圍廣、具有一定的隱蔽性等特點,全面系統(tǒng)的開展邊坡地質(zhì)災害,特別是人為因素影響較大的邊坡地質(zhì)災害研究,構(gòu)建有效的工程預測監(jiān)控技術,對于及早及時的發(fā)現(xiàn)并提出相應的災害預防措施,對于避免人口死亡失蹤、減少經(jīng)濟損失、提高國民安全生產(chǎn)生活質(zhì)量具有十分重要的意義。經(jīng)過幾十年的發(fā)展,光纖Bragg光柵(fiber Bragg grating)因其本身特性,如體積小、復用能力強、檢測精度高、本質(zhì)安全、抗電磁干擾、易于實現(xiàn)遠距離信號傳輸,為實現(xiàn)邊坡地質(zhì)災害監(jiān)測提供了較為有效的解決方式。然而,由于邊坡地質(zhì)災害具有突發(fā)性強、分布范圍廣、具有一定的隱蔽性特點,現(xiàn)有光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測技術在邊坡監(jiān)測中存在一定的不足：動態(tài)應力作用下光柵反射光譜影響與柵格區(qū)域應力重構(gòu)研究相對較少；多維多參量共采的檢測元件相對較少；后期數(shù)據(jù)處理方式較為單一；光纖Bragg光柵系統(tǒng)復用成本較大。這些在一定程度上限制了光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)在大型地質(zhì)工程中的實際應用�；谏鲜龇治鲇懻�,本文以邊坡地質(zhì)災害作為光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的工程應用對象,選取下穿隧道邊坡落石突發(fā)性模型試驗及黃土高原邊坡蠕變滑坡監(jiān)測作為工程樣本,基于光纖Bragg光柵傳輸矩陣理論研究了柵格區(qū)域非均勻靜態(tài)／動態(tài)應變的影響及其重構(gòu)檢測(理論分析),研制了適用于地質(zhì)模型試驗及工程現(xiàn)場的微型化及工程化光纖Bragg光柵傳感器(器件開發(fā)),應用信號處理技術提高了光柵傳感器的檢測精度(性能優(yōu)化),采用改進盲源分離算法實現(xiàn)了同波長光纖的單通道復用(網(wǎng)絡擴展),構(gòu)建了光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)并對其邊坡工程應用性能進行了分析研究(系統(tǒng)集成應用)。本文的主要研究工作如下：1)基于光纖Bragg光柵傳輸矩陣理論研究了光柵柵格區(qū)域非均勻應力特別是動態(tài)非均勻應力場的光譜特性與應力重構(gòu)檢測,以期指導光纖光柵檢測元件的研發(fā)并實現(xiàn)邊坡災害的突發(fā)性動態(tài)監(jiān)測,具體為：①分析靜態(tài)非均勻應力對于光纖Bragg光柵反射光譜特性的影響并在此結(jié)論的基礎上,選取反射光譜波長覆蓋范圍寬、反射譜功率較為均勻的線性啁啾光柵作為研究對象研究了動態(tài)非均勻應力對于光柵反射光譜的影響；②為保證光柵反射數(shù)據(jù)采集速率、實現(xiàn)非均勻性應力重構(gòu)提供數(shù)據(jù)支持,采用遠低于Nyquist采樣定理要求的壓縮感知算法實現(xiàn)了光柵全光譜的低采樣、高精度重構(gòu)；③在分析非均勻應力場對于光柵反射光譜特性影響及全光譜低采樣傳輸、高精度重構(gòu)的基礎上,提出了基于多參數(shù)約束的光柵柵格區(qū)域非均勻應力分布重構(gòu)的自適應改進算法。2)以電類傳感器設計原則作為腳本,給出了光纖Bragg光柵傳感器設計原則,并基于此,研制了適用于模型試驗的微型化光纖Bragg光柵傳感器(基于橢圓環(huán)的共原點三維應變傳感器、微型光纖Bragg光柵壓力傳感器、微型光纖Bragg光柵位移傳感器等)及可實現(xiàn)工程現(xiàn)場測量的工程類光纖Bragg光柵傳感單元(光纖Bragg光柵錨索測力計、大量程變精度的位移傳感器、可辨周向的傾斜傳感器等)。3)采用信號處理技術(小波變換、Duffing混沌振子模型、希爾伯特-黃變換)有效的提取光纖Bragg光柵檢測數(shù)據(jù)中的靜態(tài)及動態(tài)信息,進一步提高了光纖Bragg光柵檢測單元的檢測精度,并基于此研發(fā)了可實現(xiàn)多參量同時采集的流速／溫度共采的光纖Bragg光柵流速傳感器與可實現(xiàn)傾斜、加速度及溫度同時測量的光柵腕式振動傳感器。4)總結(jié)現(xiàn)有光纖Bragg光柵復用技術(波分復用、時分復用、空分復用)在分布范圍廣的邊坡地質(zhì)災害監(jiān)測應用中的限制,基于改進盲源分離算法提出了同波長光纖單通道復用技術并通過仿真及驗證試驗對其可行性進行了驗證。這在一定程度上擴展了光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡規(guī)模。5)將光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)應用于模型試驗(海底隧道,下穿隧道邊坡落石)及工程現(xiàn)場(蘭州黑方臺)中,實現(xiàn)了邊坡變形狀態(tài)的實時在線監(jiān)測。系統(tǒng)運行期間成功的預報了工程現(xiàn)場的滑坡狀態(tài),及時有序的撤離了群眾,避免了人員傷亡。中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局給出的應用效果證實了該系統(tǒng)具有重要的社會效益及生態(tài)效益。
[Abstract]:China by the Ministry of land and resources data available from 2010 to 2014 five years, the slope geological disasters accounted for the number of geological disasters in China (slope landslide, debris flow, settlement etc.) 70% of the total, and perennial high. The slope geological disaster every year will cause casualties and huge economic losses, which seriously affected safety production and life of Chinese people, restricting the rapid development of economic construction and society. Therefore, the slope geological hazard proportion coefficient and its sudden strong, wide distribution, has the characteristics of concealment, a comprehensive system to carry out geological disasters, especially the research of slope geological disaster influence human factors, construction technology and effective forecasting and monitoring project, for as soon as possible to timely find and put forward the corresponding measures for disaster prevention, to avoid death missing, reduce economic loss. Yet, it is of great significance to improve the quality of life of national safety production. After decades of development, fiber Bragg grating (fiber Bragg grating) because of its own characteristics, such as small volume, high reusability, high detection precision, safety, anti electromagnetic interference, easy to realize the long-distance signal transmission, and provide a more effective solution to the implementation of geological disaster monitoring of slope. However, due to the slope of geological disasters with a sudden strong, wide distribution, with some hidden features, there are existing fiber Bragg grating monitoring technology in slope monitoring in some shortcomings: the grating reflection spectrum and raster region stress force should be relatively less dynamic reconfiguration multi parameter detecting element; exploitation of relatively less; data processing mode is single; fiber Bragg grating multiplexing system in a certain degree of these high costs. Limited the practical application of the optical fiber Bragg grating monitoring system in large-scale geological engineering. The discussion based on the above analysis, the slope geological disaster as engineering application object fiber Bragg grating monitoring system, selection of tunnel slope rockfall sudden model test and the loess plateau slope creep landslide monitoring project as a sample, the transfer matrix theory of fiber Bragg study on the regional grid grating effect of inhomogeneous static / dynamic strain and reconstruction (detection based on theoretical analysis), suitable for field test and engineering geological model of the miniaturization and engineering of fiber Bragg grating sensor is developed (devices), the application of signal processing technology to improve the detection accuracy of grating sensor (optimization), the the single channel multiplexing wavelength fiber improved blind source separation algorithm (Network), construction of fiber Bragg grating monitoring system The system is analyzed to study the slope engineering application performance (integrated application system). The main research work of this paper are as follows: 1) the non-uniform stress and strain reconstruction especially to detect spectral characteristics of dynamic non-uniform stress field of the grating grid area transfer matrix theory of fiber Bragg grating is studied based on dynamic monitoring, emergency to guide the research and development of fiber grating sensing element and slope disasters as follows: specific analysis of static non-uniform stress influence on spectral characteristics of fiber gratings and Bragg based on the conclusion, select the reflected light spectrum wavelength covers a wide range, as the research object to study the dynamic non-uniform stress effect on grating the power spectrum of reflection spectrum uniform linear chirped grating; the grating reflection in order to ensure the data acquisition rate, realize the non-uniform stress reconstruction provides data support, mining Using compressed sensing algorithm is much lower than the Nyquist sampling theorem to achieve the full spectrum of low sampling grating, high precision reconstruction; in the analysis of non uniform stress field for the spectral characteristics of grating reflection effect and the full spectrum of low sampling precision transmission, based on the reconstruction of the uniform stress distribution, improved adaptive reconstruction algorithm of.2 grating grid area is proposed based on multi parameter constraint) to non electrical sensor design principle is given as a script, fiber Bragg grating sensor design principle, and based on this, suitable for model test of miniature fiber Bragg grating sensor has been developed (origin 3D strain sensor, elliptic ring based on micro fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor. Micro fiber Bragg grating displacement sensor) and can realize the field engineering measurement engineering fiber Bragg grating sensing unit (fiber Bragg grating anchor cable dynamometer, The large range of variable precision displacement sensor and tilt sensor discernible circumferential etc.) (.3) by using signal processing techniques of wavelet transform, Duffing chaotic oscillator model, Hilbert Huang Transform) static and dynamic information extraction of effective detection of fiber Bragg grating data, further improve the detection accuracy of fiber Bragg grating detection unit based on this, the research of fiber Bragg grating flow sensor can realize multi parameter simultaneous acquisition of velocity / temperature were collected and can be tilted grating vibration sensor.4 and wrist measuring acceleration and temperature) existing fiber Bragg grating multiplexing (WDM, TDM and WDM) in slope disaster monitoring applications a wide range of distribution restrictions in the improved blind source separation algorithm is proposed with single wavelength fiber channel multiplexing technology and the simulation and the verification test based on For isvalidated. This extends to the fiber Bragg grating monitoring system.5 network scale to a certain extent) the application of fiber Bragg grating monitoring system in model test (subsea tunnel, tunnel slope rockfall and on-site engineering (Lanzhou) Heifangtai), realize the real-time online monitoring of slope deformation. The system successfully predicted the landslide site, timely and orderly evacuation of the masses, to avoid casualties. The application effect of China geological survey also confirmed that the system has important social benefits and ecological benefits.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P642.2;TP212
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本文編號：1372326