本文關(guān)鍵詞：光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)研制優(yōu)化及其邊坡工程應(yīng)用研究　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 邊坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害 光纖Bragg光柵 靜態(tài)/動(dòng)態(tài)應(yīng)變重構(gòu) 信號(hào)處理 光纖復(fù)用

【摘要】：由中國(guó)國(guó)土資源部的數(shù)據(jù)可得：自2010年至2014年五年以來(lái),邊坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)生次數(shù)占我國(guó)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害(邊坡滑坡、泥石流、沉降等)總數(shù)的70%,而且常年居高不下。邊坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害每年都會(huì)造成巨大的人員傷亡及經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,這嚴(yán)重影響著我國(guó)國(guó)民的安全生產(chǎn)生活,制約著經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展。因此,針對(duì)邊坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害所占比例系數(shù)大及其本身突發(fā)性強(qiáng)、分布范圍廣、具有一定的隱蔽性等特點(diǎn),全面系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)展邊坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,特別是人為因素影響較大的邊坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害研究,構(gòu)建有效的工程預(yù)測(cè)監(jiān)控技術(shù),對(duì)于及早及時(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)并提出相應(yīng)的災(zāi)害預(yù)防措施,對(duì)于避免人口死亡失蹤、減少經(jīng)濟(jì)損失、提高國(guó)民安全生產(chǎn)生活質(zhì)量具有十分重要的意義。經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年的發(fā)展,光纖Bragg光柵(fiber Bragg grating)因其本身特性,如體積小、復(fù)用能力強(qiáng)、檢測(cè)精度高、本質(zhì)安全、抗電磁干擾、易于實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)距離信號(hào)傳輸,為實(shí)現(xiàn)邊坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)提供了較為有效的解決方式。然而,由于邊坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害具有突發(fā)性強(qiáng)、分布范圍廣、具有一定的隱蔽性特點(diǎn),現(xiàn)有光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)在邊坡監(jiān)測(cè)中存在一定的不足：動(dòng)態(tài)應(yīng)力作用下光柵反射光譜影響與柵格區(qū)域應(yīng)力重構(gòu)研究相對(duì)較少；多維多參量共采的檢測(cè)元件相對(duì)較少；后期數(shù)據(jù)處理方式較為單一；光纖Bragg光柵系統(tǒng)復(fù)用成本較大。這些在一定程度上限制了光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)在大型地質(zhì)工程中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用�；谏鲜龇治鲇懻�,本文以邊坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害作為光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的工程應(yīng)用對(duì)象,選取下穿隧道邊坡落石突發(fā)性模型試驗(yàn)及黃土高原邊坡蠕變滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)作為工程樣本,基于光纖Bragg光柵傳輸矩陣?yán)碚撗芯苛藮鸥駞^(qū)域非均勻靜態(tài)／動(dòng)態(tài)應(yīng)變的影響及其重構(gòu)檢測(cè)(理論分析),研制了適用于地質(zhì)模型試驗(yàn)及工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的微型化及工程化光纖Bragg光柵傳感器(器件開(kāi)發(fā)),應(yīng)用信號(hào)處理技術(shù)提高了光柵傳感器的檢測(cè)精度(性能優(yōu)化),采用改進(jìn)盲源分離算法實(shí)現(xiàn)了同波長(zhǎng)光纖的單通道復(fù)用(網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)展),構(gòu)建了光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)并對(duì)其邊坡工程應(yīng)用性能進(jìn)行了分析研究(系統(tǒng)集成應(yīng)用)。本文的主要研究工作如下：1)基于光纖Bragg光柵傳輸矩陣?yán)碚撗芯苛斯鈻艝鸥駞^(qū)域非均勻應(yīng)力特別是動(dòng)態(tài)非均勻應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的光譜特性與應(yīng)力重構(gòu)檢測(cè),以期指導(dǎo)光纖光柵檢測(cè)元件的研發(fā)并實(shí)現(xiàn)邊坡災(zāi)害的突發(fā)性動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè),具體為：①分析靜態(tài)非均勻應(yīng)力對(duì)于光纖Bragg光柵反射光譜特性的影響并在此結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上,選取反射光譜波長(zhǎng)覆蓋范圍寬、反射譜功率較為均勻的線性啁啾光柵作為研究對(duì)象研究了動(dòng)態(tài)非均勻應(yīng)力對(duì)于光柵反射光譜的影響；②為保證光柵反射數(shù)據(jù)采集速率、實(shí)現(xiàn)非均勻性應(yīng)力重構(gòu)提供數(shù)據(jù)支持,采用遠(yuǎn)低于Nyquist采樣定理要求的壓縮感知算法實(shí)現(xiàn)了光柵全光譜的低采樣、高精度重構(gòu)；③在分析非均勻應(yīng)力場(chǎng)對(duì)于光柵反射光譜特性影響及全光譜低采樣傳輸、高精度重構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了基于多參數(shù)約束的光柵柵格區(qū)域非均勻應(yīng)力分布重構(gòu)的自適應(yīng)改進(jìn)算法。2)以電類傳感器設(shè)計(jì)原則作為腳本,給出了光纖Bragg光柵傳感器設(shè)計(jì)原則,并基于此,研制了適用于模型試驗(yàn)的微型化光纖Bragg光柵傳感器(基于橢圓環(huán)的共原點(diǎn)三維應(yīng)變傳感器、微型光纖Bragg光柵壓力傳感器、微型光纖Bragg光柵位移傳感器等)及可實(shí)現(xiàn)工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量的工程類光纖Bragg光柵傳感單元(光纖Bragg光柵錨索測(cè)力計(jì)、大量程變精度的位移傳感器、可辨周向的傾斜傳感器等)。3)采用信號(hào)處理技術(shù)(小波變換、Duffing混沌振子模型、希爾伯特-黃變換)有效的提取光纖Bragg光柵檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)中的靜態(tài)及動(dòng)態(tài)信息,進(jìn)一步提高了光纖Bragg光柵檢測(cè)單元的檢測(cè)精度,并基于此研發(fā)了可實(shí)現(xiàn)多參量同時(shí)采集的流速／溫度共采的光纖Bragg光柵流速傳感器與可實(shí)現(xiàn)傾斜、加速度及溫度同時(shí)測(cè)量的光柵腕式振動(dòng)傳感器。4)總結(jié)現(xiàn)有光纖Bragg光柵復(fù)用技術(shù)(波分復(fù)用、時(shí)分復(fù)用、空分復(fù)用)在分布范圍廣的邊坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)應(yīng)用中的限制,基于改進(jìn)盲源分離算法提出了同波長(zhǎng)光纖單通道復(fù)用技術(shù)并通過(guò)仿真及驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)對(duì)其可行性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。這在一定程度上擴(kuò)展了光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模。5)將光纖Bragg光柵監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于模型試驗(yàn)(海底隧道,下穿隧道邊坡落石)及工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)(蘭州黑方臺(tái))中,實(shí)現(xiàn)了邊坡變形狀態(tài)的實(shí)時(shí)在線監(jiān)測(cè)。系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行期間成功的預(yù)報(bào)了工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的滑坡?tīng)顟B(tài),及時(shí)有序的撤離了群眾,避免了人員傷亡。中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局給出的應(yīng)用效果證實(shí)了該系統(tǒng)具有重要的社會(huì)效益及生態(tài)效益。
[Abstract]:China by the Ministry of land and resources data available from 2010 to 2014 five years, the slope geological disasters accounted for the number of geological disasters in China (slope landslide, debris flow, settlement etc.) 70% of the total, and perennial high. The slope geological disaster every year will cause casualties and huge economic losses, which seriously affected safety production and life of Chinese people, restricting the rapid development of economic construction and society. Therefore, the slope geological hazard proportion coefficient and its sudden strong, wide distribution, has the characteristics of concealment, a comprehensive system to carry out geological disasters, especially the research of slope geological disaster influence human factors, construction technology and effective forecasting and monitoring project, for as soon as possible to timely find and put forward the corresponding measures for disaster prevention, to avoid death missing, reduce economic loss. Yet, it is of great significance to improve the quality of life of national safety production. After decades of development, fiber Bragg grating (fiber Bragg grating) because of its own characteristics, such as small volume, high reusability, high detection precision, safety, anti electromagnetic interference, easy to realize the long-distance signal transmission, and provide a more effective solution to the implementation of geological disaster monitoring of slope. However, due to the slope of geological disasters with a sudden strong, wide distribution, with some hidden features, there are existing fiber Bragg grating monitoring technology in slope monitoring in some shortcomings: the grating reflection spectrum and raster region stress force should be relatively less dynamic reconfiguration multi parameter detecting element; exploitation of relatively less; data processing mode is single; fiber Bragg grating multiplexing system in a certain degree of these high costs. Limited the practical application of the optical fiber Bragg grating monitoring system in large-scale geological engineering. The discussion based on the above analysis, the slope geological disaster as engineering application object fiber Bragg grating monitoring system, selection of tunnel slope rockfall sudden model test and the loess plateau slope creep landslide monitoring project as a sample, the transfer matrix theory of fiber Bragg study on the regional grid grating effect of inhomogeneous static / dynamic strain and reconstruction (detection based on theoretical analysis), suitable for field test and engineering geological model of the miniaturization and engineering of fiber Bragg grating sensor is developed (devices), the application of signal processing technology to improve the detection accuracy of grating sensor (optimization), the the single channel multiplexing wavelength fiber improved blind source separation algorithm (Network), construction of fiber Bragg grating monitoring system The system is analyzed to study the slope engineering application performance (integrated application system). The main research work of this paper are as follows: 1) the non-uniform stress and strain reconstruction especially to detect spectral characteristics of dynamic non-uniform stress field of the grating grid area transfer matrix theory of fiber Bragg grating is studied based on dynamic monitoring, emergency to guide the research and development of fiber grating sensing element and slope disasters as follows: specific analysis of static non-uniform stress influence on spectral characteristics of fiber gratings and Bragg based on the conclusion, select the reflected light spectrum wavelength covers a wide range, as the research object to study the dynamic non-uniform stress effect on grating the power spectrum of reflection spectrum uniform linear chirped grating; the grating reflection in order to ensure the data acquisition rate, realize the non-uniform stress reconstruction provides data support, mining Using compressed sensing algorithm is much lower than the Nyquist sampling theorem to achieve the full spectrum of low sampling grating, high precision reconstruction; in the analysis of non uniform stress field for the spectral characteristics of grating reflection effect and the full spectrum of low sampling precision transmission, based on the reconstruction of the uniform stress distribution, improved adaptive reconstruction algorithm of.2 grating grid area is proposed based on multi parameter constraint) to non electrical sensor design principle is given as a script, fiber Bragg grating sensor design principle, and based on this, suitable for model test of miniature fiber Bragg grating sensor has been developed (origin 3D strain sensor, elliptic ring based on micro fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor. Micro fiber Bragg grating displacement sensor) and can realize the field engineering measurement engineering fiber Bragg grating sensing unit (fiber Bragg grating anchor cable dynamometer, The large range of variable precision displacement sensor and tilt sensor discernible circumferential etc.) (.3) by using signal processing techniques of wavelet transform, Duffing chaotic oscillator model, Hilbert Huang Transform) static and dynamic information extraction of effective detection of fiber Bragg grating data, further improve the detection accuracy of fiber Bragg grating detection unit based on this, the research of fiber Bragg grating flow sensor can realize multi parameter simultaneous acquisition of velocity / temperature were collected and can be tilted grating vibration sensor.4 and wrist measuring acceleration and temperature) existing fiber Bragg grating multiplexing (WDM, TDM and WDM) in slope disaster monitoring applications a wide range of distribution restrictions in the improved blind source separation algorithm is proposed with single wavelength fiber channel multiplexing technology and the simulation and the verification test based on For isvalidated. This extends to the fiber Bragg grating monitoring system.5 network scale to a certain extent) the application of fiber Bragg grating monitoring system in model test (subsea tunnel, tunnel slope rockfall and on-site engineering (Lanzhou) Heifangtai), realize the real-time online monitoring of slope deformation. The system successfully predicted the landslide site, timely and orderly evacuation of the masses, to avoid casualties. The application effect of China geological survey also confirmed that the system has important social benefits and ecological benefits.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P642.2;TP212
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本文編號(hào)：1372326