本文關(guān)鍵詞：高精度光學(xué)三維標(biāo)示關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及應(yīng)用研究　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí) 逆向數(shù)字化 投影標(biāo)示 投影機(jī)標(biāo)定 二維振鏡 激光投影 復(fù)合材料加工

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量與生產(chǎn)效率的要求越來越高,隨著數(shù)字化制造技術(shù)在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中不斷推進(jìn)深化,大量困難的制造問題被攻克,但隨之而來的是制造工藝的迅速復(fù)雜化,從而顯現(xiàn)出很多難以克服的新問題,尤其是工人在現(xiàn)代制造系統(tǒng)中角色的改變,很多通行已久的人工操作制造方法已經(jīng)不再適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代制造系統(tǒng)的需要。本文從一個新的視角出發(fā),針對復(fù)雜制造系統(tǒng)中的人工操作的特點(diǎn)及其面臨的與數(shù)字化制造不夠匹配的局面,提出利用三維投影標(biāo)示技術(shù)來提高人工操作制造環(huán)節(jié)中的數(shù)字化、自動化水平,從而提升產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)效率。通過調(diào)研并總結(jié)已有的類似技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用狀況,旨在解決非結(jié)構(gòu)化工作空間中大尺寸工件的加工裝配定位問題,本文分析了投影標(biāo)示系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)原理及其關(guān)鍵技術(shù),對其進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分類和詳細(xì)討論并構(gòu)建了通用化投影標(biāo)示原型系統(tǒng)。論文完成的主要研究工作有:1、針對大尺寸工件的加工裝配定位需求,提出一種更加通用化的外部引導(dǎo)式投影標(biāo)示系統(tǒng)構(gòu)型,使得三維定位設(shè)備統(tǒng)一對工件和投影標(biāo)示設(shè)備進(jìn)行位姿測量的外部引導(dǎo)式工作方式成為可能。同時,基于外部引導(dǎo)式投影標(biāo)示設(shè)計(jì)方法將基于不同投影顯示原理的投影單元的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式統(tǒng)一為投射單元校準(zhǔn)和外參標(biāo)定兩個步驟。2、針對基于數(shù)字面陣投影標(biāo)示的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,詳細(xì)研究了數(shù)字面陣投影設(shè)備的校準(zhǔn)流程。反向應(yīng)用小孔成像與鏡頭畸變模型對數(shù)字面陣投影機(jī)進(jìn)行了投影成像內(nèi)參數(shù)的精確標(biāo)定。通過分析相機(jī)成像畸變模型及其全幅畸變校正原理,提出了適合數(shù)字投影機(jī)的像面預(yù)畸變法校正投影鏡頭畸變的全套實(shí)現(xiàn)流程,并采用基于空間相位解算的方法對投影機(jī)內(nèi)參數(shù)標(biāo)定的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了全幅面標(biāo)定精度驗(yàn)證。為了避免相機(jī)采集引入的誤差和噪聲,還使用了基于直接光束捕獲原理的投影機(jī)鏡頭畸變標(biāo)定方法對投影鏡頭畸變進(jìn)行了精密測定與非參數(shù)補(bǔ)償。以提升標(biāo)示精度為目標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)了并優(yōu)化了數(shù)字投影機(jī)外參數(shù)標(biāo)定方法,并完成了標(biāo)示精度實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。3、對基于激光振鏡掃描的投影標(biāo)示的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,以及傳統(tǒng)二維振鏡在精密投影標(biāo)示系統(tǒng)的特定應(yīng)用場景,本文提出了基于平面模板的方法對激光振鏡掃描投影系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了內(nèi)參數(shù)和外參數(shù)的聯(lián)合標(biāo)定和對應(yīng)的精度驗(yàn)證方法,并分別應(yīng)用模型法和非參多項(xiàng)式插值法對激光振鏡投影單元進(jìn)行了基于二維角度量輸入的投射畸變矯正和精度驗(yàn)證。設(shè)計(jì)了并優(yōu)化了激光振鏡投影系統(tǒng)的外參數(shù)標(biāo)定方法,并完成了標(biāo)示精度實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。4、針對精密投影標(biāo)示系統(tǒng)在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場面臨的應(yīng)用細(xì)節(jié)問題做了分析。討論了投影標(biāo)示系統(tǒng)的在數(shù)字化設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用要求。提出了投影標(biāo)示質(zhì)量預(yù)評價方法,并針對如何利用標(biāo)示質(zhì)量預(yù)評價方法解決對投影標(biāo)示系統(tǒng)的工作位姿優(yōu)化問題進(jìn)行了部分驗(yàn)證。5、構(gòu)建了兩個精密光學(xué)投影標(biāo)示技術(shù)的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng):復(fù)合材料放樣與鋪層定位標(biāo)示系統(tǒng)和飛機(jī)機(jī)身蒙皮鉚釘階差綜合測量與修正標(biāo)示系統(tǒng)。對兩個系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建流程做了詳細(xì)的說明,并采用實(shí)際工件,模擬生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場環(huán)境,展示了最終的投影標(biāo)示精度和效果。
[Abstract]:The modern manufacturing industry increasingly high demands on product quality and production efficiency, with the digital manufacturing technology in the field of industry continue to deepen, making a lot of difficult problems to be overcome, but there is a rapid manufacturing process complicated, thus revealing many new problems difficult to overcome, especially the role of workers in modern manufacturing system changes in the manufacturing method of manual operation has long been many traffic no longer meet the needs of modern manufacturing system. In this paper, from a new perspective, in accordance with the characteristics of manual operation in complex manufacturing system and facing with digital manufacturing does not match the situation, put forward the digital, using 3D projection technology to improve the artificial mark the operation in the manufacturing process automation level, to improve product quality and production efficiency. Through the investigation and summarization of the existing similar technology and its application In order to solve the problem of processing and assembling of large size workpiece positioning unstructured work space, this paper analyzes the realization principle and the key technology of projection marking system, has carried on the classification and detailed discussion of system and construct a general projection marking prototype system. The main research works are: 1, for processing and assembling the positioning requirement of large size workpiece, proposed a more general external oriented projection marking system configuration, the three-dimensional positioning device of workpiece and projection equipment marked uniform for pose measurement of external guide type working as possible. At the same time, based on the external guide projection mark design method will realize the principle of the projection unit unified projection unit calibration and external calibration parameters of two steps.2 projection display based on the digital array realization method based on projection marked A detailed study of the calibration process, digital array projection equipment. The precise calibration of the distortion model and the reverse application of pinhole imaging lens array digital projector for projection imaging parameters. Through the analysis of camera distortion model and full amplitude distortion correction principle, put forward the suitable digital projector image plane projection lens correction pre distortion method the distortion of the full set of processes, and the calculation method based on spatial phase calibration of the projector parameters were full format calibration accuracy verification. In order to avoid the error and noise of camera is introduced, also used the projector lens distortion capture principle direct beam calibration method based on the projection lens distortion for the precise determination of compensation with the non parameter. In order to improve the labeling accuracy, calibration method was designed and optimized the parameters of digital projector, and completed the fine marking Experimental verification of.3, on the way to realize the projection Laser Galvanometer Scanning Based on the mark, as well as the traditional two-dimensional mirror in the specific application scene precision projection marking system, is presented in this paper to verify the accuracy of method and the corresponding calibration method based on planar pattern combined with the inner and outer parameters of the laser scanning projection system. And, non parametric polynomial interpolation method were used to model the Laser Galvanometer projection unit of projection distortion input two-dimensional angle correction and precision verification based on design and optimization. The parameters of the Laser Galvanometer projection system calibration method, and completed the experimental verification for.4 marking accuracy, precision projection mark application details the problem facing the system in industrial production field is analyzed. The sign system used in projection requirements in the production of digital design is discussed. The projection quality mark The amount of pre evaluation method, and on how to use the label quality pre evaluation method to solve the projection marking system working position optimization problem was partly validated.5, constructs the application system of two precision optical projection labeling technology: composite layer location layout and marking system and the aircraft fuselage skin rivet differential measurement and comprehensive on the construction of modified marking system. The process to do a detailed explanation of the two systems, and the actual workpiece, simulate the production environment of the scene, showing the final projection marking accuracy and effectiveness.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH741.5;TP391.41

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