本文關(guān)鍵詞：自適應(yīng)光學(xué)實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)處理及優(yōu)化控制技術(shù)研究　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院光電技術(shù)研究所》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng) 實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)處理 最優(yōu)閾值估計(jì) 串聯(lián)控制 棋盤效應(yīng)

【摘要】：自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崟r(shí)探測(cè)和補(bǔ)償由于大氣湍流等傳輸介質(zhì)和光學(xué)系統(tǒng)擾動(dòng)帶來(lái)的波前畸變,因此其在高分辨力成像、激光大氣傳輸?shù)缺姸鄳?yīng)用領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。波前控制系統(tǒng)作為自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的核心和樞紐,對(duì)自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的校正性能起著至關(guān)重要的作用,本文主要圍繞波前控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)性,準(zhǔn)確性和穩(wěn)定性幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi)了研究工作。首先,針對(duì)自適應(yīng)光學(xué)實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn),提出了自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)處理的基本需求,分析了波前控制系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)算量和傳輸特性,構(gòu)建了實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)的總線架構(gòu),研究了基于時(shí)間流水和空間并行相結(jié)合的實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)處理方法,設(shè)計(jì)了基于雙DSP+FPGA硬件架構(gòu)的自適應(yīng)光學(xué)實(shí)時(shí)信號(hào)處理平臺(tái)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該平臺(tái)能夠滿足自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)性要求,并在多套自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)中得以應(yīng)用,具有可靠性高,適用性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。其次,針對(duì)夏克-哈特曼波前傳感器中采用一階矩法提取光斑質(zhì)心時(shí),系統(tǒng)噪聲嚴(yán)重影響一階矩算法質(zhì)心提取精度的問(wèn)題,分析了波前傳感器系統(tǒng)中噪聲的特點(diǎn),提出了一種以滑動(dòng)窗口內(nèi)像素均值及圖像信號(hào)的局部梯度作為參數(shù),構(gòu)造噪聲權(quán)重函數(shù)來(lái)獲得子孔徑閾值最優(yōu)估計(jì)值的方法。詳細(xì)分析了算法的基本原理和實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程,在不同信噪比,不同光斑大小的條件下,進(jìn)行了數(shù)值仿真并搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)對(duì)算法進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本文提出的閾值估計(jì)方法,在各種實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下均能取得優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)閾值處理方法獲得的結(jié)果。然后,針對(duì)光束在傳輸?shù)倪^(guò)程中受大氣湍流等傳輸介質(zhì)及平臺(tái)振動(dòng)等因素的影響,使得到達(dá)目標(biāo)靶面中心的光束發(fā)生漂移和抖動(dòng)的問(wèn)題,分析了常規(guī)控制系統(tǒng)存在的不足,對(duì)高速傾斜鏡的模型進(jìn)行了辨識(shí),提出了一種基于兩級(jí)高速傾斜鏡串聯(lián)控制的方法。該方法利用前級(jí)光束穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)校正由于平臺(tái)機(jī)械諧振帶來(lái)的大幅度、高頻率窄帶擾動(dòng),后級(jí)光束穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)校正由于傳輸介質(zhì)引起的寬帶擾動(dòng)。仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,本文提出的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和控制方法能夠有效的抑制光束穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)中存在的擾動(dòng)。最后,針對(duì)典型自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)中經(jīng)常使用方形孔徑排布的波前傳感器,受波前傳感器測(cè)量噪聲、傳感器和變形反射鏡布局不匹配等因素的影響,容易產(chǎn)生棋盤效應(yīng)降低閉環(huán)控制穩(wěn)定性的問(wèn)題,提出了一種同時(shí)對(duì)重構(gòu)電壓施加懲罰函數(shù)和對(duì)控制電壓進(jìn)行投影的方法,利用該方法對(duì)方形孔徑排布自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)中存在的棋盤效應(yīng)進(jìn)行抑制。針對(duì)變形鏡的不同參數(shù),利用數(shù)值仿真分析對(duì)比了各階像差與棋盤效應(yīng)之間的耦合關(guān)系,并構(gòu)建了實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),在實(shí)際大氣湍流條件下,對(duì)靶點(diǎn)信標(biāo)進(jìn)行了閉環(huán)驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明本文提出的方法能夠有效地抑制方形孔徑排布自適應(yīng)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)中存在的棋盤效應(yīng),提高系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:Capable of real-time detection and compensation for wavefront distortion caused by atmospheric turbulence and other transmission media and optical system of adaptive optical system, so the high resolution imaging, laser atmospheric transmission and many other application fields has been widely used. The wavefront control system as the core and hub of adaptive optical system, plays a vital role in the performance of the adaptive correction the optical system, this paper mainly focus on the real-time wavefront control system, the accuracy and stability of several aspects of the research work. Firstly, according to the characteristics of adaptive optics real-time signal processing system, proposed an adaptive optical system of the basic needs of real-time signal processing, analysis of the computation and transmission characteristics of wavefront control system, construct bus architecture for real-time signal processing system, studies the time and space of parallel flow based on the combination of real time signal Methods of signal processing, the design of adaptive optics real-time signal processing platform based on dual DSP+FPGA hardware architecture. The experimental results show that the platform can meet the real-time requirements of adaptive optical system, and can be used in multiple sets of adaptive optics system, has advantages of high reliability, strong applicability. Secondly, based on Hartmann Shack wavefront sensor by the moment method of centroid extraction, system noise seriously affect the accuracy of the first-order moment algorithm centroid extraction, analysis of the characteristics of noise of wavefront sensor in the system, put forward as a parameter to smooth local gradient pixels in the window and moving average image signal, to construct noise weighting function to estimate parameters the optimal threshold method of sub aperture. The basic principle and implementation process of the algorithm is analyzed in detail under different SNR conditions, different beam sizes, numerically The simulation and experimental platform verifies the algorithm. Simulation and experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper to estimate the threshold, can get better than the traditional thresholding method the results obtained under various experimental conditions. Then, the beam affected by the atmospheric turbulence transmission medium and platform vibration and other factors in the process of transmission so, reach the target of the center beam drift and jitter problems, analyzes the shortcomings of conventional control system, the fast steering mirror model identification, proposes a method of two stage high speed tilting mirror series based on the control. Before the beam stability correction system due to the mechanical resonance caused by platform by using this method, the high frequency narrowband disturbance, secondary beam stability correction system with broadband transmission medium caused by disturbance. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed system. The structure and the control method can suppress the disturbance beam stabilization system effectively. Finally, according to the arrangement of square aperture wavefront sensor is often used in typical adaptive optical system, the measurement noise of wavefront sensor, sensor and deformable mirror do not match the layout and other factors, easy to produce the chessboard effect to reduce the stability of the closed-loop control problem. At the same time, proposes a method of penalty function is applied to the reconstruction of the projection and the voltage control voltage, to suppress the effect of square aperture arrangement board in adaptive optical system by using this method. According to the different parameters of the mirror and the comparative analysis of the coupling relationship between aberration and checkerboard effect by numerical simulation, and construction in the experimental system under actual atmospheric turbulence, the closed loop verification experiment was carried out on the target beacon. Experimental results show that the proposed The proposed method can effectively suppress the chessboard effect in the square aperture arrangement adaptive optical system and improve the stability of the system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院光電技術(shù)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TN911.74

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