本文關(guān)鍵詞：考慮方案質(zhì)量的HTN應(yīng)急任務(wù)規(guī)劃方法　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： HTN應(yīng)急任務(wù)規(guī)劃 應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案制定 時(shí)態(tài)偏好 時(shí)間柔性 多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化

【摘要】：近年來,突發(fā)事件頻繁發(fā)生,而且新的突發(fā)事件也不斷出現(xiàn)。這不僅給相關(guān)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的沖擊,也給應(yīng)急管理部門科學(xué)有效地應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)事件帶來巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案制定是突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)決策的關(guān)鍵階段,需要在突發(fā)事件發(fā)生后,快速有效地制定出應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案,并且開展應(yīng)急處置工作。傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)建模方法難以適應(yīng)復(fù)雜的應(yīng)急響應(yīng)決策問題,而層次任務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(HTN,Hierarchy Task Network)規(guī)劃作為人工智能自動(dòng)規(guī)劃的一種,能夠充分使用領(lǐng)域知識(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行推理,從而快速生成應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案,已經(jīng)在實(shí)際應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案制定中獲得成功的應(yīng)用。然而,目前的HTN規(guī)劃只關(guān)注于如何快速生成可行方案,沒有考慮如何生成高質(zhì)量的方案。在很多情況下,應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案的質(zhì)量直接影響到應(yīng)急響應(yīng)決策的效果,低質(zhì)量的應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案不僅難以完成當(dāng)前的應(yīng)急任務(wù),也可能給其它應(yīng)急任務(wù)的執(zhí)行帶來麻煩。為了科學(xué)有效地進(jìn)行應(yīng)急響應(yīng)決策,亟需研究如何生成高質(zhì)量的應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案。本文就應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案制定中需要考慮方案質(zhì)量的幾種實(shí)際情況,以HTN規(guī)劃為研究對(duì)象,針對(duì)應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案制定問題中的時(shí)態(tài)偏好、時(shí)間柔性和方案的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化等方面來設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的HTN應(yīng)急任務(wù)規(guī)劃方法,探討如何生成高質(zhì)量的應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案。主要的創(chuàng)新性研究成果如下:(1)為了獲得滿足應(yīng)急決策者時(shí)態(tài)偏好的應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案,提出了一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)HTN應(yīng)急任務(wù)規(guī)劃方法,TPHTN。TPHTN將簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(STN)擴(kuò)展為帶偏好的簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(STNP)使其能夠表示應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案制定問題的時(shí)態(tài)約束以及時(shí)態(tài)偏好信息。同時(shí),TPHTN擴(kuò)展了HTN的領(lǐng)域知識(shí)用以表達(dá)規(guī)劃領(lǐng)域中的時(shí)態(tài)偏好信息。在TPHTN的規(guī)劃過程中,設(shè)計(jì)了α-,β-和γ-3種水平一致性來評(píng)估STNP的質(zhì)量,并以此設(shè)計(jì)啟發(fā)式搜索規(guī)則來選擇合適的規(guī)劃方向。當(dāng)規(guī)劃過程結(jié)束時(shí),TPHTN能夠生成滿足決策者時(shí)態(tài)偏好的應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案。(2)為了生成高質(zhì)量的應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案應(yīng)對(duì)方案執(zhí)行過程中遇到的時(shí)態(tài)異常,提出了一種考慮時(shí)間柔性HTN應(yīng)急任務(wù)規(guī)劃方法,FHTN-CON。FHTN-CON分為應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案生成和應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案執(zhí)行兩個(gè)部分:應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案生成部分使用STN來表示規(guī)劃問題中的時(shí)態(tài)約束信息,并使用了一種基于STN的啟發(fā)式搜索,最終生成一個(gè)高質(zhì)量的帶時(shí)間柔性的應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案;在應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案執(zhí)行部分,FHTN-CON監(jiān)控方案的執(zhí)行過程,當(dāng)方案的執(zhí)行發(fā)生時(shí)態(tài)異常時(shí),檢測(cè)未執(zhí)行的方案是否可行,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)這個(gè)方案是不可行的,才進(jìn)行重規(guī)劃。FHTN-CON可以有效地減少應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案執(zhí)行中因時(shí)態(tài)異常而導(dǎo)致的重規(guī)劃。(3)為了對(duì)應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化,提出了一種多目標(biāo)HTN應(yīng)急任務(wù)規(guī)劃方法,PSA。首先,PSA對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的HTN操作符進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展,使其能夠表達(dá)操作符的多個(gè)性能特征;其次,PSA使用基于偏好關(guān)系的方法對(duì)應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià);再次,PSA將啟發(fā)式搜索和Anytime搜索結(jié)合在一起,通過引導(dǎo)HTN規(guī)劃方向和對(duì)HTN搜索空間進(jìn)行削減等策略,使PSA能夠不斷生成高質(zhì)量的應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案。(4)提出了一種基于支配關(guān)系的多目標(biāo)HTN應(yīng)急任務(wù)規(guī)劃方法,DSA。針對(duì)無法提供目標(biāo)間偏好信息的情況,DSA使用支配關(guān)系對(duì)應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)。其次,DSA的規(guī)劃算法結(jié)合了啟發(fā)式搜索和Anytime搜索:啟發(fā)式搜索對(duì)規(guī)劃中的方法和操作符進(jìn)行基于支配關(guān)系的排序;Anytime搜索則對(duì)規(guī)劃空間進(jìn)行基于支配關(guān)系的削減,在提高規(guī)劃方法搜索效率的同時(shí)保證了后生成的方案不被先生成的方案所支配。最終,DSA能夠生成一個(gè)非支配方案集合,供決策者從中選擇合適的應(yīng)急行動(dòng)方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, sudden events have occurred frequently, and new emergencies are also appearing. This not only causes serious impact on the economy and society of the related areas, but also brings great challenges to emergency management departments to deal with emergencies scientifically and effectively. The formulation of emergency action plan is the key stage of emergency response decision-making. It is necessary to establish emergency response plan quickly and effectively and carry out emergency disposal after emergency. The traditional methods of mathematical modeling is difficult to adapt to the emergency response to a complex problem, and hierarchical task network (HTN Hierarchy, Task Network) a plan as artificial intelligence automatic planning, to make use of domain knowledge in reasoning about action, so as to quickly generate the emergency action plan, has been applied in actual emergency action plan successfully the. However, the current HTN program focuses only on how to generate feasible solutions quickly, without considering how to generate high quality solutions. In many cases, the quality of emergency action plan directly affects the effect of emergency response decision. Low quality emergency action plan is not only difficult to complete the current emergency task, but also may bring trouble to other emergency tasks. In order to make the emergency response decision scientifically and effectively, it is urgent to study how to generate high quality emergency action plan. The emergency action plan needs to consider the actual situation in several schemes of quality, with HTN planning as the research object, aiming at multi-objective optimization problems and other aspects of the development of temporal preferences, time flexibility and scheme of emergency action plan to design the HTN emergency task planning corresponding planning method, to explore the emergency action plan how to generate high quality. The main innovative research results are as follows: (1) in order to get an emergency action plan satisfying the temporal preference of emergency decision makers, a temporal HTN emergency mission planning method, TPHTN is proposed. TPHTN extends the simple temporal network (STN) to a simple temporal network with preferences (STNP), enabling it to express emergency action plans, temporal constraints and temporal preference information. At the same time, TPHTN extends the domain knowledge of HTN to express the temporal preference information in the planning field. In the planning process of TPHTN, we designed alpha, beta and gamma -3 level consistency to evaluate the quality of STNP, and designed heuristic search rules to select the appropriate planning direction. At the end of the planning process, TPHTN can generate an emergency action plan that satisfies the decision maker's temporal preference. (2) in order to generate high-quality emergency response plan to deal with temporal anomalies encountered in the implementation of the plan, a time dependent flexible HTN emergency mission planning method, FHTN-CON, is proposed. FHTN-CON divided into emergency action plan and emergency action plan for two parts: emergency action plan generation part of the use of STN to programming problem in the temporal information, and use a STN based heuristic search, with a time of high quality flexible emergency action plan generated in the emergency action plan implementation; part of the implementation process of FHTN-CON monitoring program, when the program execution occurs when the temporal anomaly detection, the non implementation scheme is feasible, if and only if this solution is not feasible, only re planning. FHTN-CON can effectively reduce the replanning caused by temporal anomalies in the execution of emergency action plans. (3) in order to optimize the emergency action plan, a multi-objective HTN emergency task planning method, PSA, is proposed. First of all, the traditional PSA HTN operator was extended to multiple performance characteristics can express operator; secondly, using PSA method based on the preference relation and emergency action plan for multi target evaluation; thirdly, PSA heuristic search and Anytime search together, cut strategy by guiding the direction and planning of HTN the HTN search space, which allows the PSA to continue to generate high quality emergency action plan. (4) a multi-objective HTN emergency task planning method based on domination relation, DSA, is proposed. In view of the inability to provide preference information between targets, DSA uses a dominating relationship to Multiobjective evaluation of emergency action plans. Secondly, planning algorithm DSA combines heuristic search and Anytime search, heuristic search methods and operators in planning of dominance based sorting; Anytime search for planning space is cut based on dominance relation, at the same time improve the efficiency of search planning method to ensure the program is not generated after the program by Mr. control. In the end, DSA can generate a set of non dominated schemes for decision makers to choose the appropriate emergency action plan from it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TP18

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