本文關(guān)鍵詞：寬帶Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線及可重構(gòu)技術(shù)在其中的應(yīng)用　出處：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線 低剖面 高增益 寬帶 可重構(gòu)

【摘要】：Fabry-Perot干涉儀于1899年由C.Fabry和A.Perot共同發(fā)明。它利用多光束干涉原理產(chǎn)生了半寬度很小的細(xì)銳條紋,具有極高的色分辨本領(lǐng),能夠精確地測量和控制光的頻率和波長,因此被廣泛地應(yīng)用在光通信和光譜學(xué)領(lǐng)域。Fabry-Perot干涉儀的特性是當(dāng)入射光的頻率滿足共振條件,其透射頻譜會(huì)出現(xiàn)很高的峰值,對應(yīng)著很高的透射率。隨著激光技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,Fabry-Perot干涉儀有了新的表現(xiàn)形式——Fabry-Perot諧振腔,并且它也成為激光器的重要組成部分。Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線由于具有低剖面、高增益、饋電結(jié)構(gòu)簡單等優(yōu)點(diǎn),成功地替代了傳統(tǒng)的高增益天線,成為近些年微波與毫米波天線領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線通�；陬l率選擇表面,通過在饋源天線上方的適當(dāng)位置放置一個(gè)具有部分反射特性的反射覆層,使之與天線地板形成一個(gè)諧振腔結(jié)構(gòu)。Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線克服了傳統(tǒng)微帶貼片天線增益低、效率低等缺點(diǎn),無需通過構(gòu)建陣列天線或加載復(fù)雜的饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò)即可顯著地提高天線的增益。但由于頻率選擇表面以及諧振腔自身的結(jié)構(gòu)都具有窄帶特性,因此Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線的阻抗帶寬和增益帶寬通常都比較窄,這在一定程度上限制了它在一些領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。如果能夠拓展這類天線的阻抗和增益帶寬,將給其提供更為廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。另一方面,由于可重構(gòu)天線具有功能多樣性的特點(diǎn),不僅能滿足當(dāng)代通訊信道多變,高速率的要求,又能極大地降低通訊平臺(tái)上天線的數(shù)量,簡化電磁環(huán)境,因此這類天線具有很重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。為了使天線同時(shí)滿足高增益和多功能的通信需求,可重構(gòu)概念也被引入Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線的設(shè)計(jì)當(dāng)中。然而,由于天線的頻率特性和輻射特性是相互影響,緊密相聯(lián)的。在對天線的某一特性實(shí)現(xiàn)重構(gòu)的同時(shí),往往會(huì)對天線的其它性能造成影響。此外,如何設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單并且對天線性能影響較小的直流偏置電路也是實(shí)現(xiàn)可重構(gòu)天線過程中的難點(diǎn)�；诖搜芯勘尘�,本文以寬帶Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線和可重構(gòu)Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線為主要研究對象,首先介紹了Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線的基本概念,并基于四種模型介紹并分析了Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線的工作原理,總結(jié)歸納了諧振腔天線實(shí)現(xiàn)寬帶和實(shí)現(xiàn)可重構(gòu)的方法,并根據(jù)以上理論和方法對Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線的寬頻帶技術(shù)和可重構(gòu)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入的研究和探討,最終提出、加工并測試了多種新型Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線,有效地解決了該天線領(lǐng)域中存在的一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題。具體來講,本文的主要貢獻(xiàn)可以概括為以下四個(gè)部分:1、作者提出了一種拓展Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線增益帶寬的新方法——在傳統(tǒng)的地板上加載金屬楔形結(jié)構(gòu)。這種方法通過改善諧振腔的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),降低諧振腔的品質(zhì)因數(shù),補(bǔ)償了電磁波因反射路徑不同引起的相位差。基于以上理論分析,提出了一種新型寬帶Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線,并對其進(jìn)行了仿真和實(shí)測,結(jié)果表明該天線可以在不影響其他性能(阻抗匹配、最高增益、輻射方向圖等)的同時(shí)顯著地提高諧振腔天線的增益帶寬。最終設(shè)計(jì)天線的實(shí)測3dB增益帶寬為20.8%。2、作者分析了三種具有正相位梯度特性的反射覆層單元。通過對其反射性能的比較,最終將一種具有雙層雙面印制正方形環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的反射覆層單元運(yùn)用在可以實(shí)現(xiàn)寬帶性能的Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線設(shè)計(jì)中,并給出了不同的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對該反射覆層電磁特性的影響。結(jié)果表明,該天線也可以在不改變天線的阻抗匹配特性的同時(shí),顯著地提高諧振腔的增益(17.4dBi)和增益帶寬(17.3%)。3、作者結(jié)合改變饋電結(jié)構(gòu)和改變反射覆層的反射相位這兩種方法,提出了一種以相控陣天線作為饋源,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)離散波束掃描的方向圖可重構(gòu)Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線。通過加載基于可重構(gòu)缺陷微帶結(jié)構(gòu)的饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò),諧振腔天線的波束可以在-10°,0°,10°的角度范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。在此基礎(chǔ)上引入可重構(gòu)反射覆層結(jié)構(gòu),通過控制反射覆層上開關(guān)二極管的狀態(tài),該天線的波束可以在±15?的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。相比其他文獻(xiàn)中提及的方向圖可重構(gòu)Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線,該設(shè)計(jì)饋電結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,不需引入其他阻抗匹配網(wǎng)絡(luò),并且波束調(diào)節(jié)的范圍也更寬。4、作者提出了一種新型可重構(gòu)饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò),并將該網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用在短路環(huán)天線中,以此天線作為饋源激勵(lì)Fabry-Perot諧振腔,最終設(shè)計(jì)了一種具有寬帶性能的極化可重構(gòu)Fabry-Perot諧振腔天線。該天線最終可以在4.7GHz~5.36GHz(13.1%)的頻帶范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)線極化、左旋圓極化和右旋圓極化之間的切換。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了以上的設(shè)計(jì)理論與方法。相較于其他極化可重構(gòu)天線,該設(shè)計(jì)不僅具有寬帶特性,同時(shí)還具有較高的增益,這些特點(diǎn)使其更適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代無線通信系統(tǒng)的需要。
[Abstract]:The Fabry-Perot interferometer was co invented by C.Fabry and A.Perot in 1899. It uses the principle of multi beam interference to produce half width and small fine stripe. It has very high color resolving power. It can accurately measure and control the frequency and wavelength of light, so it is widely applied in the field of optical communication and spectroscopy. The characteristic of the Fabry-Perot interferometer is that when the frequency of the incident light satisfies the resonance condition, the transmission spectrum will have a very high peak value, which corresponds to a high transmittance. With the further development of laser technology, the Fabry-Perot interferometer has a new form -- Fabry-Perot resonator, and it has also become an important part of laser. Because of its advantages of low profile, high gain and simple feeding structure, Fabry-Perot resonant cavity successfully has replaced the traditional high gain antenna, and has become a research hotspot in recent years in the field of microwave and millimeter wave antenna. The Fabry-Perot cavity antenna is usually based on frequency selective surface, and a reflective cavity with partial reflection characteristics is placed at the appropriate position above the feed antenna, so that it can form a resonant cavity with the antenna floor. The Fabry-Perot cavity antenna overcomes the shortcomings of traditional microstrip patch antenna, such as low gain and low efficiency. It can significantly improve antenna gain without constructing array antenna or loading complex feed network. However, because the structure of the frequency selective surface and the cavity itself has narrowband characteristics, the impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth of the Fabry-Perot cavity antenna are usually relatively narrow, which limits its application in some fields to a certain extent. If we can expand the impedance and gain bandwidth of this type of antenna, it will provide a wider application prospect. On the other hand, due to the versatile characteristics of reconfigurable antennas, it can not only meet the requirements of modern communication channels, but also greatly reduce the number of antennas on the communication platform and simplify the electromagnetic environment. Therefore, such antennas have very important application value. In order to make the antenna meet the high gain and multifunction communication requirements, the reconfigurable concept is also introduced into the design of the Fabry-Perot resonator antenna. However, the frequency and radiation characteristics of the antenna are closely related to each other. While one characteristic of the antenna is reconstructed, it often affects the other performance of the antenna. In addition, how to design a DC bias circuit with simple structure and less impact on the performance of the antenna is also a difficult problem in the process of reconfigurable antenna. Based on this research background, this paper based on broadband Fabry-Perot resonator antenna and reconfigurable Fabry-Perot resonator antenna as the main research object, first introduced the basic concept of Fabry-Perot resonator antenna, and four kinds of models based on introduction and analysis of the working principle of Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna, summed up the implementation of broadband antenna resonant cavity and implementation method reconstruction, and according to the above theory and method of broadband Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna technology and reconfigurable technology are deeply studied and discussed, finally put forward and tested a novel Fabry-Perot resonator antenna and processing, effectively solved some key technical problems in the field of the antenna. Specifically, the main contributions of this paper can be summarized into the following four parts: 1, the author proposed a new method to expand the gain bandwidth of the Fabry-Perot resonator antenna, which is to load the metal wedge structure on the traditional floor. This method through the internal structure to improve the resonant cavity, reducing the quality factor of resonant cavity, the electromagnetic wave reflection path compensation caused by different phase difference. Based on the above analysis, put forward a new kind of broadband Fabry-Perot resonator antenna, and has carried on the simulation and measurement, the results show that the antenna can not affect other properties (impedance matching, maximum gain and radiation pattern) and significantly improve the gain bandwidth of the resonant cavity antenna. The measured 3dB gain bandwidth of the final design antenna is 20.8%. 2. Three kinds of reflective coating units with positive phase gradient characteristics are analyzed. By comparing the reflectivity, will eventually have a double sided printed square ring structure reflecting coating unit application in the design of Fabry-Perot resonator antenna can achieve wideband performance, and the influence of different structural parameters on the reflection layer electromagnetic characteristics are given. The results show that the antenna can also significantly improve the gain (17.4dBi) and gain bandwidth (17.3%) of the resonator without changing the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna. 3, the author changed the reflection phase feeding structure and the change of antireflective coating of these two methods is presented using a phased array antenna as a feed, can realize the discrete beam scanning pattern reconfigurable Fabry-Perot resonator antenna. By loading a feed network based on the reconfigurable defect microstrip structure, the beam of the resonant cavity antenna can be adjusted in the angle range of -10, 0, and 10 degrees. On this basis, a reconfigurable reflector structure is introduced. By controlling the state of the switch diode on the reflector, the beam of the antenna can be adjusted within the range of + 15. Compared to other documents mentioned in the pattern reconfigurable Fabry-Perot resonator antenna, the design of the feed structure is simple and does not require the addition of any impedance matching network, and the wider beam adjusting range. 4, the authors propose a new reconfigurable feed network, and apply the network to the short circuited loop antenna. The antenna is used as a feed to stimulate the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity. Finally, a broadband reconfigurable Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna is designed. The antenna can eventually switch between the linear polarization, the left circular polarization and the right circular polarization in the range of 4.7GHz~5.36GHz (13.1%). experimental result
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN820

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉震國;葛志晨;;Fabry-Perot諧振天線研究綜述[J];現(xiàn)代雷達(dá);2009年09期

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本文編號：1340784