本文關(guān)鍵詞：國(guó)際法視野下非洲海盜法律問(wèn)題及應(yīng)對(duì)措施研究　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 海盜 法律影響 治理措施 訴訟 非洲

【摘要】：海盜是一個(gè)古老的概念,其歷史可追溯至人類(lèi)利用海洋從事運(yùn)輸之初。這一罪行最初受?chē)?guó)際習(xí)慣法調(diào)整,其后被正式規(guī)定于《1958年日內(nèi)瓦公約》及《1982年聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》。非洲海盜,尤其是索馬里與幾內(nèi)亞灣的海盜在上世紀(jì)90年代開(kāi)始出現(xiàn),在2005年呈現(xiàn)爆發(fā)態(tài)勢(shì),并延續(xù)至今。非洲海盜的產(chǎn)生根源盡管有其特殊原因,但與海盜本身的產(chǎn)生原因也有諸多類(lèi)同。本文即意在探尋非洲海盜的成因、其對(duì)海運(yùn)貿(mào)易和運(yùn)輸?shù)挠绊?并提出國(guó)際視角、非洲地區(qū)法律視角下的治理措施。國(guó)際社會(huì)以及非洲部分國(guó)家均采取了打擊非洲海盜的相應(yīng)措施。但是,在每一次針對(duì)海盜的行動(dòng)下,均存在著行動(dòng)本身的法律基礎(chǔ)以及到底打擊的是什么的問(wèn)題。海盜作為一種有組織的反人類(lèi)罪行,應(yīng)當(dāng)受到打擊和清除。但海盜作為有組織的犯罪行為,對(duì)其進(jìn)行打擊需要考慮到其與陸地犯罪之間存在千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系,而不能僅僅將其視為海上劫匪。非法海盜生意所獲得的贖金已經(jīng)得到認(rèn)可,并被用于改善人們的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。同時(shí),針對(duì)非洲海域,尤其是索馬里海域和幾內(nèi)亞灣海域的海盜行為尤為猖獗,國(guó)際社會(huì)及非洲部分國(guó)家在上述區(qū)海盜打擊行為也更為突出和集中。本論文包括七章。第一章重點(diǎn)論述了非洲海盜,尤其是索馬里和幾內(nèi)亞灣海盜產(chǎn)生的背景及其所導(dǎo)致的問(wèn)題和論述了研究的目標(biāo),文獻(xiàn)綜述以及研究方法。第二章首先從國(guó)際法、國(guó)內(nèi)法及國(guó)際海事局等多個(gè)視角探討了海盜的內(nèi)涵,以及對(duì)有關(guān)沿海水域海盜行為的爭(zhēng)論,同時(shí)還討論了非洲海域海盜的本質(zhì)、有關(guān)海盜規(guī)制的法律體系及其優(yōu)劣。第三章著重介紹非洲海盜,尤其是幾內(nèi)亞灣和索馬里灣海盜問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生原因,揭示這兩個(gè)區(qū)域海盜行為的差異,并探討其形成的深層次原因。第四章首先探討非洲海盜對(duì)國(guó)際公法的影響,尤其是對(duì)海盜行為的內(nèi)涵、一國(guó)法院管轄、海盜打擊和人權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)方面;其次較為深入地論述非洲海盜對(duì)海商法的影響,尤其是對(duì)承運(yùn)人責(zé)任、運(yùn)費(fèi)、租船合同(特別是ITL條款、繞航、合同受阻、安全港口和停租問(wèn)題);以及非洲海盜對(duì)海上保險(xiǎn)、共同海損分?jǐn)�、海難救助、船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)等的影響;同時(shí)還涉及到了私人武裝保安護(hù)航問(wèn)題。第五章分析了國(guó)際社會(huì)為打擊索馬里與幾內(nèi)亞灣海盜所采取的措施,并分析了上述措施的有效性;在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步分析了在非洲海域部署海上打擊力量的國(guó)家所面臨的挑戰(zhàn),以及西非和中非國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展因素與采取打擊海盜措施之間的關(guān)系、影響等。論文第六章研究了有關(guān)各國(guó)針對(duì)海盜行為刑事規(guī)制上的不同,各國(guó)刑事法律在此方面所存在的不足和模糊性以及對(duì)海盜提起公訴的國(guó)家所面臨的司法困境等。最后,第七章提出了有效打擊和控制非洲海盜的一些建議,以圖消減非洲海盜對(duì)國(guó)際公法、國(guó)際海商法、各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法的影響,并力圖使上述有關(guān)法律成為控制非洲海盜的更有效方式。
[Abstract]:Piracy is an ancient concept, its history can be traced back to the human use of ocean in the transport at the beginning of this crime. First by customary international law adjustment, followed by formal provisions in the Geneva Convention and <1958 > <1982 convention UN law of the sea. African pirates, especially in Somalia and piracy in the Gulf of Guinea began to appear in the in 90s, the outbreak of a trend in 2005, and continues today. The origin of African pirates despite its special reasons, but with the pirates itself also has many similar reasons. This paper is intended to explore causes of African pirates, its influence on maritime trade and transportation, and put forward the measures of the international perspective, from the perspective of law the areas of Africa. The international community and some African countries have taken appropriate measures to combat piracy in Africa. However, each time for piracy, there are actions themselves The legal basis of the combat and in the end what is the problem. As a kind of organized crimes against humanity, should be removed. But as a pirate attack and organized crime, the need to consider the fight and land crime between inextricably linked, and can not only be regarded as the sea the business was illegal. The pirate ransom has been recognized, and be used to improve people's economic conditions. At the same time, in the waters of Africa, especially the piracy in Somali waters and the waters of the Gulf of Guinea is particularly rampant, the international community and some African countries in the region to combat piracy behavior is more obvious and concentrated. This thesis includes the seven chapter. The first chapter focuses on the African pirates, especially in Somalia and the Gulf of Guinea Pirates of the background and the resulting problems and discusses the research objectives, literature Review and research methods. The second chapter from the perspective of international law, a number of domestic law and the international maritime bureau of the pirates and the connotation of the coastal waters of piracy and pirates nature debate, Africa is also discussed, the relevant legal system and regulation of pirates. The third chapter focuses on the merits of African pirates especially, the causes of Guinea Bay and Gulf Somali piracy, piracy reveal the differences of these two regions, and to explore the deep reasons of its formation. The fourth chapter first explores African pirates on the influence of international law, especially the connotation of piracy, under the jurisdiction of a state court, to combat piracy and the realization of human rights secondly; a more in-depth discussion of influence of African pirates on maritime law, especially the responsibility of the carrier, freight, charter party (especially the ITL clause, deviation, contract by resistance, safety and port Offhire); and African pirates on issues of marine insurance, general average, salvage, effect of maritime liens; also involves private armed security escort. The fifth chapter is the analysis of the international community to take the fight against Somali pirates in the Gulf of Guinea and measures, and analyzed the effectiveness of the measures; on this basis, further analysis in the waters of Africa maritime strike force deployment challenges facing the country, as well as the factors of the economic development of West and Central African countries and take the hit, pirate measures between the effects. The sixth chapter studies about different countries for piracy criminal regulation on the existing national criminal laws in this the deficiency and ambiguity of the prosecution of Pirates of the countries are facing a judicial dilemma. Finally, the seventh chapter puts forward the strike and control of African Pirates Some suggestions are made to reduce pirates' influence on international public law, international maritime law and domestic laws, so as to make these laws a more effective way to control pirates in Africa.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D99;D815
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本文編號(hào)：1373393