本文選題：立法批準 + 地方性法規(guī)�。� 參考：《湘潭大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：設區(qū)的市、自治州人大及其常委會制定的地方性法規(guī)和自治州、自治縣、自治旗人大制定的自治條例、單行條例都必須報請省、自治區(qū)人大常委會批準后才可以生效實施。在我國長期以來的地方立法實踐中,省級人大常委會依照相關規(guī)定批準了大量的地方性法規(guī)。作為一種重要的地方立法監(jiān)督制度,地方立法批準制度在預防法律體系內部沖突、保障地方立法質量、預防重復立法等方面發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。盡管如此,由于我國現行地方立法批準制度涉及到批準主體的資格和能力、審查批準的標準、限度等相關的具體問題。例如,按照2000年《立法法》的規(guī)定,較大的市制定的地方性法規(guī)和自治州、自治縣制定的自治條例和單行條例必須報經省一級人大常委會批準。不少人就認為,正因為立法批準制度的存在,限制了較大的市和自治州、自治縣的地方立法權,使得它們跟經濟特區(qū)所在地的市相比而只享有“半個立法權”,而省一級人大常委會對經國務院批準的較大的市和自治州、自治縣制定的相關法規(guī)的審查批準,客觀上也存在一些“自身立法工作任務過重”、“對地情民意實際情況了解不夠”等實際問題,以至于人們亦對該制度本身的正當性、合理性、可行性和有效性等方面存有一定的質疑。值得特別關注的是,2015年全國人大對《立法法》進行修正,將地方立法權進一步“下移”,設區(qū)的市和自治州獲得了地方性法規(guī)制定權。在立法權下放的實際操作中,省級人大常委會放權節(jié)奏失控,短周期內地方立法主體數量激增,地方立法格局由此發(fā)生巨變。反觀我國現行的立法批準制度,其固有的沉疴尚未根治,變化中的地方立法格局又帶來了一些新的問題。在今天這樣一個全新的地方立法格局沖擊下,該制度又將何去何從?相關問題亟待深入探究。為此,有必要回顧我國地方立法批準制度的由來與歷史沿革,厘清立法批準的性質和特點,研究我國立法批準制度的實際運行狀況,檢討其中存在的突出問題,反思相關問題的制度成因,分別從確定專門的審查批準機構、構建統(tǒng)一的立法批準程序、規(guī)定統(tǒng)一的批準審查處理結果、明確報請批準事項的理由說明內容、提升報請批準法規(guī)的質量五方面提出完善立法批準制度的建議,以期逐步完善我國現行立法批準制度。
[Abstract]:Municipalities divided into districts, autonomous prefectures and their standing committees, and autonomous prefectures, autonomous counties, autonomous flag people's congresses, and separate regulations must be submitted to the provinces for approval before they can come into effect. In the practice of local legislation for a long time, the standing Committee of Provincial people's Congress has approved a large number of local laws and regulations in accordance with relevant regulations. As an important local legislation supervision system, the local legislation approval system plays an irreplaceable role in preventing the internal conflict of the legal system, ensuring the quality of the local legislation and preventing the repeated legislation. Nevertheless, the current local legislative approval system in China involves the qualification and ability of the approving subject, the standards and limits of the examination and approval, and so on. For example, in accordance with the provisions of the 2000 legislation Law, local laws and regulations formulated by larger cities and autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties and separate regulations must be submitted to the standing Committee of the Provincial people's Congress for approval. Many people think that because of the existence of the legislative approval system, the local legislative power of larger cities, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties is restricted, making them enjoy only "half legislative power" compared with the cities where the special economic zones are located. And the examination and approval by the standing Committee of the Provincial people's Congress of the relevant laws and regulations formulated by larger cities, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties that have been approved by the State Council also objectively have some "excessive legislative tasks of their own." Such practical problems as "lack of understanding of the actual situation of local public opinion" and so on, even people also have certain doubts about the legitimacy, rationality, feasibility and effectiveness of the system itself. What deserves special attention is that in 2015, the National people's Congress amended the "Legislative Law", further "moving down" the local legislative power, and the municipalities and autonomous prefectures that have been divided into districts have been given the power to formulate local laws and regulations. In the actual operation of the decentralization of legislative power, the pace of decentralization of the standing Committee of the Provincial people's Congress is out of control, and the number of local legislative subjects increases sharply in a short period, and the pattern of local legislation changes greatly. In contrast, the existing legislation approval system of our country has not been cured, and the changing local legislation pattern has brought some new problems. Under the impact of such a new local legislative pattern today, where will the system go? The related problems need to be explored in depth. Therefore, it is necessary to review the origin and historical evolution of the local legislative approval system in China, clarify the nature and characteristics of the legislative approval system, study the actual operation of the legislative approval system in China, and review the outstanding problems existing therein. Reflecting on the institutional causes of the relevant problems, respectively, from determining the special examination and approval agencies, constructing a unified legislative approval procedure, stipulating the unified approval examination and processing results, specifying the reasons for reporting the approval items and explaining the contents, In order to improve the current legislation approval system in China, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the quality of the law.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D927

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 喬勝利;;地方立法權的產生和構成[J];人民之聲;2011年05期

相關碩士學位論文 前9條

1 馬冬梅;我國地方性法規(guī)批準制度研究[D];中央民族大學;2016年

2 何婷婷;完善我國設區(qū)的市立法監(jiān)督機制的思考[D];蘇州大學;2016年

3 張美榮;我國立法批準制度探究[D];西南交通大學;2014年

4 楊敏;我國法規(guī)報批制度研究[D];內蒙古大學;2014年

5 彭喜蘭;對地方人大常委會立法活動監(jiān)督的研究[D];湖南師范大學;2013年

6 孔妍;我國地方人大常委會規(guī)范性文件備案審查制度探析[D];山東大學;2012年

7 任紅艷;地方立法監(jiān)督程序的體系完善[D];延邊大學;2012年

8 都永娟;較大的市立法審查批準機制研究[D];山東大學;2011年

9 張云芳;我國地方性法規(guī)批準制度研究[D];華東政法學院;2005年

，

本文編號：2105730