本文選題：海權(quán) + 美國(guó)海權(quán)戰(zhàn)略　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：海權(quán)在美國(guó)追逐、維持世界霸權(quán)地位的過(guò)程中,發(fā)揮著不可或缺的作用。如今,海權(quán)依舊是美國(guó)維護(hù)全球利益的重要手段之一。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),美國(guó)在布局亞太海權(quán)戰(zhàn)略的過(guò)程中,無(wú)形中也構(gòu)筑了南海海權(quán)戰(zhàn)略。如果說(shuō),在二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束之前,美國(guó)的南海海權(quán)布局是不自覺(jué)的過(guò)程,那么,在亞太"再平衡"戰(zhàn)略下,美國(guó)南海海權(quán)的強(qiáng)化,則是重構(gòu)了其在南海海域的海權(quán)布局,而這無(wú)疑是有意識(shí)的,有針對(duì)性的。美國(guó)南海海權(quán)重構(gòu)是其應(yīng)對(duì)亞太局勢(shì)變化的戰(zhàn)略選擇。美國(guó)在9.11事件后對(duì)亞太地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)略關(guān)注度減少,亞太地區(qū)局勢(shì)發(fā)生了不利于美國(guó)的變化。因此,在新形勢(shì)下,美國(guó)逐漸將戰(zhàn)略重心向亞太地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移。在這一背景下,南海問(wèn)題遂成為美國(guó)介入亞太事務(wù)的切入點(diǎn)。美國(guó)在南海問(wèn)題上的措施是全方位的,其中發(fā)揮基礎(chǔ)作用的是,海權(quán)。雖然,美國(guó)歷史上一直在南海海域布局有一定的海權(quán),但在美國(guó)政府看來(lái),已有海權(quán)布局不足以讓美國(guó)在南海問(wèn)題上充分發(fā)揮作用,因此,美國(guó)需要積極重構(gòu)南海海權(quán)。本文以美國(guó)南海海權(quán)重構(gòu)為切入點(diǎn),以海權(quán)理論作為分析的理論框架,從而對(duì)美國(guó)南海海權(quán)重構(gòu)有更加深刻的認(rèn)知,進(jìn)而提出具有針對(duì)性的,有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的政策建議。第一章首先對(duì)文章立論基礎(chǔ)的海權(quán)理論進(jìn)行梳理。從1890年馬漢提出海權(quán)論以來(lái),海權(quán)論歷經(jīng)100多年的發(fā)展,理論譜系更加寬泛,理論內(nèi)容也已經(jīng)悄然發(fā)生了變化。本文以時(shí)間為軸,探討海權(quán)思想史。本文認(rèn)為,馬漢時(shí)代強(qiáng)調(diào),通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)海上大作戰(zhàn)獲取制海權(quán)的方式已不合時(shí)宜。21世紀(jì)的時(shí)代主題是和平與發(fā)展,因此,在21世紀(jì),海權(quán)更應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào),瀕�？刂�,海軍外交作用,海權(quán)與法律之間的關(guān)系等內(nèi)容。其次,按照大的歷史節(jié)點(diǎn),對(duì)美國(guó)海權(quán)戰(zhàn)略演進(jìn)做簡(jiǎn)單梳理,為后文梳理美國(guó)南海海權(quán)演進(jìn)做鋪墊。第二章在第一章對(duì)海權(quán)理論與美國(guó)海權(quán)戰(zhàn)略演進(jìn)的梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,將海權(quán)與南海相結(jié)合,按照海權(quán)理論界定南海的戰(zhàn)略地位,進(jìn)而厘清美國(guó)南海海權(quán)的布局演變。首先,本文對(duì)南海的海權(quán)意義進(jìn)行界定。馬漢對(duì)于海權(quán)要素的界定仍具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,因此,本文按照馬漢海權(quán)論對(duì)一個(gè)地方戰(zhàn)略地位的界定所具備的條件,對(duì)南海進(jìn)行分析。其次,本文認(rèn)為,美國(guó)的南海海權(quán)重構(gòu)不是無(wú)源之水,是對(duì)歷史布局的延革。因此,本文結(jié)合美國(guó)海權(quán)戰(zhàn)略,以大歷史事件為節(jié)點(diǎn)厘清美國(guó)南海海權(quán)戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展演進(jìn)。第一、二章對(duì)理論與歷史的梳理,是為了引出第三章美國(guó)南海海權(quán)戰(zhàn)略重構(gòu)。第三章以后冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)代海權(quán)理論為基礎(chǔ),著重分析美國(guó)南海海權(quán)戰(zhàn)略重構(gòu)的時(shí)代背景,重構(gòu)的具體內(nèi)容及其影響。美國(guó)南海海權(quán)重構(gòu)與亞太"再平衡"戰(zhàn)略有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系,南海海權(quán)重構(gòu)從屬于亞太"再平衡"戰(zhàn)略。美國(guó)南海海權(quán)重構(gòu)主要體現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面:一是強(qiáng)化前沿存在;二是鞏固軍事同盟,加強(qiáng)伙伴國(guó)關(guān)系;三是運(yùn)用制度性工具,比如航行自由。這三大措施都充分運(yùn)用了后冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)代海權(quán),例如,通過(guò)強(qiáng)化前沿存在增強(qiáng)瀕�？刂颇芰�;積極發(fā)揮海軍外交作用(如,軍事演習(xí)和軍事同盟);充分利用國(guó)際海洋法的海權(quán)意義等。在分析了美國(guó)南海海權(quán)重構(gòu)之后,進(jìn)一步指出重構(gòu)造成的影響。最后,本文回歸到怎么解決南海問(wèn)題上來(lái)。研究美國(guó)南海海權(quán)重構(gòu)是為了,對(duì)南海問(wèn)題有更加全面深刻的認(rèn)識(shí),從而提出相對(duì)具有針對(duì)性的意見(jiàn)。本文認(rèn)為,首先,應(yīng)該從中美關(guān)系宏觀層面,為南海問(wèn)題的結(jié)局鋪平道路,減少兩國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略互疑;其次,具體到南海問(wèn)題上來(lái),中國(guó)也要切實(shí)做到維權(quán)維穩(wěn)。前面的工作都是為了南海問(wèn)題的解決提供良好的外部環(huán)境,南海問(wèn)題的解決,還是要靠中國(guó)與南海聲索國(guó)之間共同努力。所以,文章最后認(rèn)為,中國(guó)應(yīng)增進(jìn)與南海聲索國(guó)/東盟的友好關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Sea power plays an indispensable role in the pursuit of the United States and the maintenance of world hegemony. Now, sea power is still one of the important means to maintain the global interests. For a long time, the United States has also built the sea sea power strategy in the process of the distribution of the Asia Pacific sea power strategy. The distribution of the sea power in the South China Sea is an involuntary process. Under the Asia Pacific "rebalancing" strategy, the strengthening of the sea power in the South China Sea is reconstructing its sea power distribution in the sea area of the South China Sea, which is undoubtedly conscious and pertinent. The reconstruction of the sea power in the South China Sea is a strategic choice for its response to the changes in the Asia Pacific situation. The United States has been in the Asia Pacific after the 9.11 event. Therefore, in the new situation, the United States has gradually shifted its strategic focus to the Asia Pacific region. In this context, the South China Sea issue has become the entry point for the United States to intervene in Asia Pacific Affairs. The United States has a certain sea power in the South China Sea area, but in the view of the United States government, the distribution of sea power is insufficient to make the United States fully play its role in the South China Sea. Therefore, the United States needs to restructure the South China Sea power. This article takes the reconstruction of the sea power as the breakthrough point and the sea power theory as a point of view. The theoretical framework of the analysis has a deeper understanding of the reconstruction of the sea power in the South China Sea, and then puts forward some pertinent and practical policy suggestions. First chapter first combs the theory of sea power, which is based on the article. Since Mahan put forward the theory of sea power in 1890, the theory of sea power has been more widened and the theoretical pedigree is wider. This article takes time as the axis to discuss the history of the thought of sea power. This article argues that the era of the Mahan era stressed that the way of obtaining the right of sea making through the traditional maritime war has been unsuitable for the.21 century, the theme of the times is peace and development. Therefore, in twenty-first Century, the sea power should be emphasized, the sea control, naval diplomacy. In the first chapter, the second chapter combines the sea rights with the South China Sea and according to the theory of sea rights. To define the strategic position of the South China Sea and further clarify the evolution of the distribution of the sea power in the South China Sea. First, this paper defines the sea power significance of the South China Sea. Mahan's definition of the sea power is still of practical significance. Therefore, this paper analyzes the South China Sea according to the conditions for the boundary of a local strategic position in the theory of the right of the Ma Han sea. Secondly, This paper holds that the reconstruction of the South China Sea power is not a passive water, but a continuation of the historical layout. Therefore, this article, with the United States sea power strategy, clarifies the development and evolution of the sea power strategy in the South China Sea with great historical events. The first, second chapter is the third chapter of the reconstruction of the sea power strategy of the South China Sea. Third On the basis of the sea power theory in the post Cold War era, this paper focuses on the analysis of the era background of the reconstruction of the sea power strategy in the South China Sea, the specific content and its influence. The reconstruction of the sea power in the South China Sea is closely related to the strategy of "rebalancing" in the Asia Pacific Ocean. The reconstruction of the sea power in the South China Sea belongs to the "re balance" strategy of the South China Sea and the main body of the reconstruction of the sea power in the South China Sea. The three aspects are: one is to strengthen the frontier existence; the two is to consolidate the military alliance and to strengthen the relationship between the partner countries; the three is to use institutional tools, such as freedom of navigation. These three measures have fully applied the sea power in the post Cold War era, for example, strengthening the ability of the coastal control system by strengthening the frontier; and actively playing the diplomatic role of the Navy (for example, military exercises and Military alliance); make full use of the sea power significance of international maritime law. After analyzing the reconstruction of the South China Sea sea power, it further points out the effect of reconstruction. Finally, this article returns to how to solve the South China Sea problem. This article holds that, first of all, we should pave the way for the ending of the South China Sea issue from the macro level of Sino US relations and reduce the strategic mutual doubt of the two countries. Secondly, China should also effectively maintain the rights and stability of the South China Sea. The previous work is to provide a good external environment for the resolution of the South China Sea problem, the South China Sea The solution of the problem depends on the joint efforts of China and the South China Sea sonic countries. Therefore, the article concludes that China should enhance the friendly relations with the South China Sea sonic / ASEAN.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2

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