本文選題：網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代 + 公共安全事故　； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會轉(zhuǎn)型進(jìn)入關(guān)鍵時期,以及工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化的快速發(fā)展,各種突發(fā)性公共安全事故在我國頻繁發(fā)生,各級政府在應(yīng)對突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論危機(jī)時往往出現(xiàn)倉促應(yīng)戰(zhàn)、缺乏協(xié)調(diào)、應(yīng)對失當(dāng)?shù)痊F(xiàn)象,一些嚴(yán)重的輿論危機(jī)甚至導(dǎo)致了政府的公眾形象受損,致使民眾對政府出現(xiàn)信任危機(jī)。此外,網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代的來臨,帶來了信息的快速傳播和信息量呈幾何式增長這兩個顯著特性,由此產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是在突發(fā)性公共安全事故發(fā)生時,負(fù)面信息的產(chǎn)生和擴(kuò)散速度的倍增,進(jìn)而造成公眾的更大恐慌,加重事故對社會產(chǎn)生的不良影響。在應(yīng)對突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論危機(jī)時,政府作為事故處置的主體,必須采取一系列的策略來引導(dǎo)輿論、消除恐慌、安撫民眾,減輕事故對社會情緒帶來的負(fù)面影響,為事故處置贏得公眾的支持。而不當(dāng)?shù)妮浾搼?yīng)對不僅會加重事故的負(fù)面影響,還會加深對政府公信力的損害,進(jìn)而對正常的事故處置工作帶來負(fù)面干擾。目前我國相對于西方國家,在突發(fā)性公共安全事故的輿論應(yīng)對這一課題上理論研究起步較晚,短板較多。特別是如何在我國建立一套行之有效的突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對體系,并在此體系下應(yīng)用正確的輿論應(yīng)對策略消除輿論危機(jī)這一命題上存在著一定的空白。此外,我國政府突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對體系建設(shè)目前還處于發(fā)展階段,較為缺乏專業(yè)化的輿論應(yīng)對團(tuán)隊作為支撐,導(dǎo)致各級政府在處置突發(fā)性公共安全事故時輿論應(yīng)對時,往往因缺乏理論支撐、專業(yè)分析和具體應(yīng)對策略而在應(yīng)對過程中出現(xiàn)許多低級錯誤,造成不必要的被動局面。因此,要提升我國政府的突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對能力,必須要加強(qiáng)突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對的理論和案例研究,尋找內(nèi)在規(guī)律,總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),并嘗試由此建立起一套行之有效的危機(jī)條件下的輿論應(yīng)對體系,以更好的為我國政府在應(yīng)對突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論危機(jī)時提供較為有力的幫助和支撐,為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會轉(zhuǎn)型提供可靠的公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對保障。本研究以網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代為背景展開,以國內(nèi)外公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對理論和實(shí)例為研究素材,對突發(fā)性公共安全事故與輿論應(yīng)對的策略進(jìn)行論述,為突發(fā)性公共安全事故的管理、應(yīng)對工作提供理論支撐。首先對突發(fā)性公共安全事故領(lǐng)域中輿論應(yīng)對作用的相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行綜述,整理歸納突發(fā)性安全事故中的輿論應(yīng)對這一課題在國內(nèi)外理論研究上的發(fā)展歷程,并對突發(fā)性公共安全事故概念進(jìn)行界定,對網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情的傳播特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析,進(jìn)而梳理出突發(fā)性公共安全事故網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),并對政府、媒體、公眾在面對突發(fā)性公共安全事故時各自的立場和矛盾進(jìn)行分析總結(jié),提出在高速發(fā)展的信息化社會里,媒體是公眾的主要信息來源,在事故危機(jī)發(fā)生過程中,政府必須處理好和媒體、公眾的關(guān)系,才能更好的開展危機(jī)救援和事故處置這一核心觀點(diǎn)。并引出在網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代下輿論應(yīng)對應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)原則:即尊重公民知情權(quán)的原則、建立實(shí)時聯(lián)網(wǎng)監(jiān)測預(yù)警機(jī)制的原則、增加信息透明度的原則、快速反應(yīng)應(yīng)對負(fù)面輿論的原則以及對實(shí)際情況坦誠布公的原則。然后在進(jìn)一步吸收國內(nèi)外相關(guān)的研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對國外突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對典型案例進(jìn)行分析梳理,歸納總結(jié)可供我國借鑒、學(xué)習(xí)的方面。接下來,選取"東方之星"客輪翻沉事故中我國政府的輿論應(yīng)對策略進(jìn)行分析評述,梳理出該起事故輿論應(yīng)對過程之所以成功的原因和內(nèi)在規(guī)律,總結(jié)提煉對構(gòu)建突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對體系的啟示。然后,對我國政府突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,梳理當(dāng)前我國政府在突發(fā)性安全事故輿論應(yīng)對中存在的問題和原因,進(jìn)而指出我國政府現(xiàn)階段在處理公共安全事故時應(yīng)注意的三個重點(diǎn)問題:一是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代試圖隱瞞事件真相必將帶來更嚴(yán)重的信任危機(jī);二是在輿論應(yīng)對上一定要有充分的預(yù)案準(zhǔn)備,預(yù)案準(zhǔn)備不足,往往會造成行動遲緩,難以在第一時間采取較為有效的策略應(yīng)對輿論危機(jī);三是一個專業(yè)的輿論危機(jī)管理應(yīng)對團(tuán)隊是網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代輿論危機(jī)管理的必要選擇。最后,對上述研究進(jìn)行歸納,整理出建立一個較為完整并行之有效的突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對體系應(yīng)具備的幾大基本要素,對專業(yè)化輿論應(yīng)對團(tuán)隊這一擔(dān)負(fù)整個體系運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)構(gòu)建,并就在該體系下輿論應(yīng)對策略的具體實(shí)施過程、創(chuàng)新機(jī)制保障信息溝通渠道以及公眾參與模式等問題進(jìn)行了探討。由此構(gòu)建出一套適合我國政府的突發(fā)性公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對體系,以期促使我國的危機(jī)條件下的輿論應(yīng)對能力建設(shè)更加的規(guī)范化和制度化,為轉(zhuǎn)型期中國提供可靠的公共安全事故輿論應(yīng)對保障。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the economic and social transformation of our country entering the key period, as well as the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, all kinds of sudden public safety accidents occur frequently in our country. In response to public opinion crisis of sudden public safety accidents, governments at all levels often appear in rush to fight, lack of coordination, cope with misconduct and so on, some serious public opinion. The crisis even caused the public image of the government to be damaged, causing the people to have a crisis of trust in the government. In addition, the advent of the network era has brought about the rapid spread of information and the geometric growth of the amount of information. The result is the emergence and diffusion of negative information in the occurrence of sudden public security accidents. In response to the crisis of public opinion, the government must take a series of strategies to guide public opinion, eliminate panic, comfort the public and alleviate the negative impact of the accident on the social mood. In order to win public support for the disposal of accidents, improper public opinion should not only aggravate the negative effects of the accident, but also deepen the damage to the government's credibility, and then bring negative interference to the normal handling of the accident. It is late and more short, especially how to establish an effective public opinion response system for sudden public safety accidents in China, and there is a blank in the application of correct public opinion strategy to eliminate public opinion crisis under this system. In addition, the public opinion response system of public public safety accidents in our country At present, the construction is still in the stage of development, the lack of professional public opinion and the support of the team, leading to the government at all levels of public opinion in the disposal of sudden public safety accidents, often due to the lack of theoretical support, professional analysis and specific coping strategies in the process of coping with many low-level mistakes, resulting in unnecessary passive situation. Therefore, in order to improve the public opinion response ability of the government's public safety accidents, we must strengthen the theory and case study of public opinion response to the sudden public safety accident, find the inherent law, sum up the experience and lesson, and try to establish a set of effective public opinion response system under the conditions of danger, so as to better our country The government can provide more powerful help and support in response to public opinion crisis of sudden public safety accidents, and provide reliable public security accident public opinion guarantee for the economic and social transformation of our country. This paper discusses the strategies of public safety accidents and public opinion, and provides theoretical support for the management of sudden public safety accidents. First, it summarizes the relevant theories of public opinion response in the field of sudden public safety accidents, and collects and summarizes the public opinion in sudden safety accidents in the domestic and foreign reasons. The development course of the research is discussed, and the concept of sudden public safety accident is defined, the communication characteristics of network public opinion are analyzed, and then the development of network public opinion of sudden public safety accidents is combed, and the government, the media, the public in the face of sudden public safety accidents are analyzed in general. In the rapid development of the information society, the media is the main source of information for the public. In the course of the accident crisis, the government must deal with the media and the public relations well, and can better carry out the core viewpoint of crisis rescue and accident disposal. And it leads to the principles that should be paid attention to in the network age: that is to say, respect for the public opinion. We should set up the principle of the right to know of the citizens, establish the principle of real-time network monitoring and warning mechanism, increase the principle of information transparency, respond quickly to the principle of negative public opinion and the principle of honesty and honesty to the actual situation. Then, on the basis of further absorbing the relevant research results at home and abroad, the public opinion of sudden public safety accidents in foreign countries should be made. The typical cases are analyzed and combed, and the summary can be used for reference and learning in our country. Next, we select and comment on the public opinion strategy of the Chinese government in the "East Star" passenger ship sinking accident. Then, the present situation of public opinion response to public security accidents in China is analyzed, and the existing problems and reasons of the government's public opinion in the emergency are combed, and the three key questions that our government should pay attention to at the present stage of public safety accidents should be pointed out. The first is that trying to conceal the truth from the event in the network age will bring a more serious crisis of trust; two is that there must be sufficient preparedness for the preplan in the response of public opinion, the preparation of the plan is insufficient and the action is slow, it is difficult to take a more effective strategy to deal with the crisis of public opinion in the first time; and the three is a professional public opinion crisis management. The response team is the necessary choice for the public opinion crisis management in the network era. Finally, the above research is summarized, and several basic elements should be set up to establish a more complete and effective public opinion response system for sudden public safety accidents. The key construction is to discuss the specific implementation process of the public opinion strategy under the system, the information communication channel of the innovation mechanism and the public participation mode and so on. Thus, a set of public opinion response system for the sudden public security accident suitable for the government of our country is constructed so as to promote the public opinion under the crisis conditions in China. Capacity building is more standardized and institutionalized so as to provide reliable support for public safety accidents in China during the transition period.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D63

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