本文選題：外國(guó)投資準(zhǔn)入　切入點(diǎn)：準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著《中華人民共和國(guó)外國(guó)投資法(草案征求意見稿)》的頒布,中國(guó)外國(guó)投資準(zhǔn)入制度問題成為學(xué)者們討論的熱門話題。我國(guó)有關(guān)外商投資準(zhǔn)入的立法,采取復(fù)合雙軌制的立法模式,沒有統(tǒng)一的外資法,而是制訂一個(gè)或幾個(gè)關(guān)于外國(guó)投資的專門法律或者特別法令、法規(guī),由此構(gòu)成關(guān)于外國(guó)投資的基本法或法群,輔之以其他相關(guān)法律、法規(guī)。一方面是以"三資法"為代表的"外資"企業(yè)立法;另一方面是以《公司法》、《合伙企業(yè)法》和《個(gè)人獨(dú)資企業(yè)法》為代表的"內(nèi)資"企業(yè)立法,這兩套法律在企業(yè)的治理結(jié)構(gòu)、責(zé)任形式、企業(yè)的權(quán)利義務(wù)等方面有較大的差異。由此導(dǎo)致有關(guān)外資準(zhǔn)入的法律制度存在諸多缺陷。法制的發(fā)展跟不上經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,造成外資準(zhǔn)入開放度的不足。沒有統(tǒng)一的外商投資法典,因事立法,造成法律的透明度不高。立法采取正面清單的管理模式、計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的歷史使得特別管理措施目錄帶有傳統(tǒng)行政管理模式的痕跡,造成與國(guó)際投資規(guī)則不一致。采用單獨(dú)幾個(gè)法令、規(guī)章規(guī)定國(guó)家安全審查制度,造成法律位階過低,并且立法的程序不規(guī)范等問題。為了解決以上問題,參考發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的外資立法,特別是美國(guó)和日本的外資準(zhǔn)入制度,以及加拿大和澳大利亞有關(guān)國(guó)家安全審查的規(guī)定。在開放度方面,應(yīng)改內(nèi)外資雙軌制為單軌制,推廣負(fù)面清單模式,并放開惠及民生的教育、醫(yī)療及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等行業(yè);在透明度方面,建議有關(guān)外商投資的法律法規(guī)除了要在各個(gè)相關(guān)部門公布之外,還要有英文版本;在國(guó)際投資規(guī)則一致性方面,采取準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單模式,重點(diǎn)是國(guó)有企業(yè)與外資企業(yè)待遇不一致的問題,建議采取對(duì)等原則,通過簽訂雙邊投資協(xié)定的方式來給予對(duì)等的待遇,并給外商提供相應(yīng)的救濟(jì)機(jī)制,對(duì)于我國(guó)的國(guó)有企業(yè)與外資企業(yè)待遇不一致問題引起爭(zhēng)端,可以援引國(guó)家主權(quán)豁免原則來對(duì)抗;在國(guó)家安全審查方面,參考加拿大和澳大利亞的立法,采取獨(dú)立個(gè)人做出最終決策的方式并建立追責(zé)機(jī)制。針對(duì)我國(guó)目前的《外商投資法草案》有關(guān)準(zhǔn)入方面的規(guī)定,具體的改進(jìn)建議包括:有關(guān)外國(guó)投資者和外國(guó)投資的定義,參考日本的立法模式;對(duì)于"中國(guó)投資者"的定義,建議把目前草案采取的注冊(cè)地加實(shí)際控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)改為住所地標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以便擴(kuò)大開放度;參考日本和加拿大的立法,通過定義"中國(guó)投資者"來定義"外國(guó)投資者",而不是目前的兩者都分別定義的方式;細(xì)化各類投資的定義,在重新定義"中國(guó)投資者"的基礎(chǔ)上,把外國(guó)企業(yè)在中國(guó)的分支機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)定為"中國(guó)投資者",這類企業(yè)之間的人民幣融資不認(rèn)定為外國(guó)投資;準(zhǔn)入許可部分,主要是特別管理措施目錄的制定,應(yīng)采用準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單模式,即把目前的《外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)目錄》正面清單的模式改為負(fù)面清單模式;在國(guó)家安全審查方面,應(yīng)明確規(guī)定安審聯(lián)席會(huì)議的組成部門,并由一個(gè)部門牽頭,對(duì)國(guó)家安全審查決定建議由國(guó)務(wù)院總理或商務(wù)部部長(zhǎng)統(tǒng)一作出,并建立相應(yīng)的追責(zé)機(jī)制,給予外商投資者程序上的救濟(jì)。
[Abstract]:With the "People's Republic of China Foreign Investment Law (Draft)" promulgated, the foreign investment access system China problem has become a hot topic discussed by scholars. Access to relevant foreign investment legislation of our country, adopt the legislative mode of composite track, no foreign law, but for one or several of the foreign investment special laws or regulations, which constitute special laws, the basic law on foreign investment or group, supplemented by other relevant laws and regulations. On the one hand is to "foreign law" as the representative of the "foreign" enterprise legislation; on the other hand is in "company law", "partnership enterprise law" and "legislation sole proprietorship enterprise law" as the representative of the "domestic" enterprises, the two sets of laws in the governance structure, corporate responsibility form, there are great differences in terms of rights and obligations of the enterprise. The legal system which has many relevant foreign entry The legal defect. To keep up with the development of economic development, resulting in a lack of open access to foreign capital of foreign investment. There is no unified law, because the incident caused by legislation, legal transparency is not high. The legislation take positive list management mode of planned economy history makes the special management measures directory with the traditional administrative management mode traces caused by inconsistent with the rules of international investment. By several separate laws, rules and regulations of national security review system, due to the low legal status, problems and legislative procedures are not standard. In order to solve the above problems, the developed countries of foreign legislation, especially foreign investment access system of the United States and Japan, and Canada and Australia on national security review the regulations. In terms of openness, foreign investment should be changed to single track system to track, promote the negative list mode, and let go of the benefit of the people's livelihood education, medical and Infrastructure and other industries; in terms of transparency, laws and regulations on foreign investment in addition to the recommendations published in the relevant departments, but also a English version; in the international investment rules consistency, take national treatment before admission plus the negative list mode, focus on state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises treatment is not the same problem, suggested equivalence the principle, to give equal treatment through the signing of bilateral investment agreements, and to provide foreign corresponding relief mechanism, for China's state-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises inconsistent treatment problems caused by the dispute, can invoke the principle of sovereign immunity against; in terms of national security review, reference Canada and Australia to take legislation. Independent individual to make the final decision way and establish accountability mechanism. According to the provisions of China's current foreign investment law "the relevant draft > access, Specific recommendations include: the definition of foreign investors and foreign investment, with reference to Japan's legislative model; the definition of "Chinese investors", suggested that the present draft registration and take actual control standard to domicile standard, in order to expand the degree of opening; reference Japan and Canada legislation, through the definition of "Chinese investors" the definition of "foreign investors", rather than the current two are defined; refining the definition of various types of investment, the new definition of "Chinese based investors", the foreign enterprises in the branches in China as "Chinese investors", such enterprises will not be regarded as foreign investment of RMB financing access permission; part is mainly to develop special directory management measures should be adopted, access to national treatment and negative list mode, which is currently the "Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue > positive Qing The single mode is changed to negative list mode; in terms of national security review, should specify the component instance security joint meeting, and led by a department, decided to make recommendations by the premier of the State Council or the Ministry of Commerce Minister of unification of the national security review, and establish the corresponding accountability mechanism, give relief procedures on foreign investors.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.295

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