本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國家事訴訟程序構(gòu)建研究　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 家事訴訟程序 家事案件 職權(quán)主義 調(diào)解制度

【摘要】：家事案件是在家庭身份關(guān)系基礎(chǔ)上派生出的各種矛盾糾紛,家庭糾紛自然也被視為民事糾紛的一個(gè)重要組成部分。但人們很少會(huì)探究家事案件的內(nèi)在屬性,也很少關(guān)注家庭矛盾對(duì)家庭關(guān)系乃至社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的影響,對(duì)其是否適用現(xiàn)行民事訴訟法或能否設(shè)置專門地訴訟程序以應(yīng)對(duì)這類案件也不曾做出過細(xì)致地思考。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展,面對(duì)家事案件大爆發(fā)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀,家事訴訟程序作為專門處理家事案件的專業(yè)化審理程序和完善民事訴訟法體系的重要一環(huán),逐漸受到人們的重視。 縱觀兩大法系的主要國家和地區(qū)對(duì)家事訴訟程序的法律規(guī)定,不僅皆存在針對(duì)家事案件的專門立法和審判機(jī)構(gòu),并且大多設(shè)置了特別規(guī)定用來完善家事訴訟程序。例如,日本在傳統(tǒng)地家族觀念和遵循職權(quán)主義原則的影響下,設(shè)置了《人事訴訟法》,并建立家庭法院、配備專業(yè)化地審判法官審理家事案件。而英美法系的代表美國,則受本國雙軌制的司法制度和判例法的影響,只在聯(lián)邦和各州的法律條款中散落規(guī)定處理家事案件的法律規(guī)則,并隨著社會(huì)矛盾的激化,大力倡導(dǎo)調(diào)解結(jié)案和檢察官介入家事案件的特別規(guī)定,綜合處理家庭糾紛。對(duì)于這些家事法律規(guī)定的域外經(jīng)驗(yàn),在我國構(gòu)建家事訴訟程序的過程中,是值得借鑒的。 隨著家事矛盾數(shù)量的不斷激增,家事訴訟程序的設(shè)置與否,關(guān)涉到家庭成員的合法權(quán)益能否得到有效保障,關(guān)涉到家庭和睦關(guān)系和社會(huì)公共利益能否得到有效維護(hù),關(guān)涉到民事訴訟法專業(yè)化地發(fā)展道路能否得到有效把握。面對(duì)國內(nèi)家事立法和家事審判制度缺失的局面,若要更好地設(shè)計(jì)我國的家事訴訟程序,就必須從“立法”和“司法”兩方面對(duì)其進(jìn)行必要地探究。 由于現(xiàn)行民事訴訟法推崇當(dāng)事入主義原則,導(dǎo)致在很多家事案件中把責(zé)任推向當(dāng)事人,法官完全消極地應(yīng)對(duì)審判過程,再加上當(dāng)事人訴權(quán)空間的有限性,法律不能最大化地保障其合法權(quán)益。而遵循職權(quán)主義原則則能很好地促進(jìn)家事案件的公正裁判,維護(hù)家庭社會(huì)利益。我國的基層法院審判任務(wù)逐年加重,且法官往往既忙于調(diào)解又忙于審判,對(duì)家事糾紛這種專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的案件又缺乏專業(yè)知識(shí)予于應(yīng)對(duì),在很大程度上不能正確有效地解決家事糾紛所觸及的核心矛盾。若在家事訴訟程序中設(shè)置專門法院和專業(yè)化地家事審判人員,不僅能大大分流基層法院的審判壓力,還能促進(jìn)家庭矛盾得到科學(xué)、合理地解決。同時(shí),為避免各方訴訟對(duì)立使得本已脆弱地家庭關(guān)系再次受到傷害,為完善民事訴訟法判決執(zhí)行對(duì)當(dāng)事人權(quán)益的保障,重視調(diào)解制度在家事案件中的靈活適用和建構(gòu)家事訴訟程序中的行為保全制度等規(guī)定,也是在具體設(shè)計(jì)中需要考慮的重要內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:Family cases are derived from the family identity relationship of various contradictions and disputes, family disputes are naturally regarded as an important part of civil disputes, but people rarely explore the inherent attributes of family cases. Little attention is paid to the impact of family conflicts on family relations and even social stability. Whether it is applicable to the existing civil procedure law or whether to set up a special procedure to deal with such cases has not been carefully considered. With the economic and social development. In the face of the social situation of the outbreak of family cases, family litigation procedure, as an important part of specialized handling of family cases and the improvement of the system of civil procedure law, has gradually been attached importance to by people. Throughout the two major legal system of the main countries and regions of the family procedure law provisions, not only exist for family cases of special legislation and judicial institutions. For example, under the influence of traditional family concept and the principle of authority, Japan has set up the personnel procedure Law and established the Family Court. The United States, the representative of the Anglo-American legal system, is influenced by its dual judicial system and case law. Only in the federal and state provisions of the law scattered provisions on the handling of family cases, and with the intensification of social contradictions, strongly advocated mediation to close and prosecutors involved in family cases special provisions. Comprehensive handling of family disputes. For the extraterritorial experience of these family laws and regulations, it is worth learning from in the process of constructing the family litigation procedure in our country. With the rapid increase in the number of family conflicts, the establishment of family proceedings is related to whether the legitimate rights and interests of family members can be effectively protected. Related to the family harmony and social public interest can be effectively maintained. It concerns whether the way of professional development of civil procedure law can be effectively grasped. In the face of the lack of domestic family legislation and family trial system, if we want to better design the family procedure of our country. We must probe into it from the aspects of legislation and judicature. As the current civil procedure law advocates the principle of "entry of the parties", which leads to the responsibility of the parties in many family cases, judges completely passively deal with the trial process, plus the limited space of the litigants' right of action. The law can not maximize the protection of its legitimate rights and interests. While following the principle of authority can promote the fair adjudication of family cases and safeguard the interests of the family society. The judicial tasks of the grass-roots courts in China are increasing year by year. And judges are often busy with mediation and trial, family disputes such as professional cases and lack of professional knowledge to deal with. To a large extent, it can not solve the core contradictions of family disputes correctly and effectively. If we set up special courts and specialized family judges in the family proceedings. Not only can the trial pressure of the grass-roots court be greatly diffused, but also can promote the family contradiction to be solved scientifically and reasonably. At the same time, in order to avoid the litigious confrontation between the parties, the already fragile family relationship will be injured again. In order to perfect the protection of the litigants' rights and interests in the execution of the judgment in the civil procedure law, we should attach great importance to the flexible application of the mediation system in the family cases and the construction of the act preservation system in the family proceedings. Also is in the concrete design need to consider the important content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D925.1

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