有色稻穎果色素積累的生理生態(tài)特點及其與逆境脅迫響應(yīng)間關(guān)系
發(fā)布時間：2023-02-21 15:13
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是世界三大糧食作物之一,全球近一半人口以水稻為食。有色稻是穎果帶有黑色、紫色、紅色等色澤的栽培稻,是稻種資源中具有特色的栽培稻類型,其糙米含有較豐富的天然水溶性色素和礦物質(zhì)等營養(yǎng)成分。水稻穎果的顏色變化主要受到品種遺傳特性控制,但環(huán)境生態(tài)因素對有色稻穎果組織的色素積累量有明顯影響。本文以秈稻9311的黑米突變體(bk)和粳稻日本晴的紅米突變體(rk)及其野生型對照為材料,利用水稻籽粒灌漿期間的籽粒動態(tài)取樣,對有色稻籽粒灌漿過程的色素積累動態(tài)與次生代謝相關(guān)基因表達進行了測定分析,并通過設(shè)計高溫、氮素和遮陰三方面的環(huán)境因素處理,研究了環(huán)境生態(tài)因素對水稻花青素合成代謝影響及其與ROS清除抗氧化酶活性之間的相互聯(lián)系。1.有色稻籽粒ANDs積累模式及其與ANDs生物合成途徑相關(guān)基因表達間關(guān)系bk突變體和rk突變體籽粒中的花青素含量隨籽粒灌漿而逐漸提高,成熟籽粒的花青素含量均顯著高于其野生對照。其中,bk突變體籽粒中的花青素含量顯著高于rk突變體,但穎果顏色突變對稻米蛋白含量和直鏈淀粉含量的影響不大,兩個突變體與其野生型對照在籽粒蛋白質(zhì)含量和直鏈淀粉含量上的差...
【文章頁數(shù)】：189 頁
【學位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgement
Abstract
摘要
CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Literature review
1.1 Economic importance of color rice
1.2 Geographical distribution and kinds of color rice
1.3 Types of color rice and grain pigment accumulation
1.4 Major chemical composition and grain pigment for color rice
1.5 Composition and structure of anthocyanidins
1.6 Carbohydrate metabolism in color rice
1.6.1 Total soluble sugar content
1.6.2 Starch biosynthesis and accumulation
1.7 Genetic control and physiological metabolism of Anthocyanin biosynthesis
1.7.1 Anthocyanin profile of color rice
1.7.2 Cyanidin3Glucoside (C3G)
1.7.3 Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway
1.7.4 Genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway
1.8 Environmental and other Factors Affecting Pigment Accumulation
1.9 Relationship between anthocyanin formation and defense mechanism
Objectives of our study
CHAPTER 2 Differential anthocyanidin accumulation pattern in color rice and its relation to transcriptional expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.2.1 Plant materials and field experiment
2.2.2 Measurements of soluble sugar content and starch accumulation in filling grains
2.2.3 Determination of starch gelatinization characteristics
2.2.4 Determination of various pigment contents in filling grain
2.2.5 Measurement of anthocyanin composition by HPLC
2.2.6 RNA isolation, cDNA preparation, and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR
2.2.7 Statistical analysis
2.3 RESULTS
2.3.1 Mutation phenotype in the bk and rk mutant and its alteration in grain quality-related physiological parameters in mature rice grain
2.3.2 Genotype-dependent alteration in the accumulating amount of various pigments and its temporal pattern during grain filling
2.3.3 Genotype-dependent differences in the transcriptional profile of various genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis
2.3.4 Genotype-dependent differences in the transcriptional profile and the temporal patterns of several genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis during filling grain
2.3.5 Genotype-dependent difference in grain weight, soluble sugar content and starch accumulation during grain development
2.4 DISCUSSION
2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3 Anthocyanidin accumulation in black kernel mutant rice and its contribution to ROS detoxification in response to high temperature at filling stage
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.2.1 Plant materials and temperature treatments
3.2.2 Examination of grain ultrastructure
3.2.3 Determination of anthocyanidin, flavonoid and polyphenol contents in rice grains
3.2.4 Measurement of anthocyanins composition by HPLC
3.2.5 RNA isolation, cDNA preparation, and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR
3.2.6 Determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O2
-), and antioxidant enzyme activity
3.2.7 Determination of carbohydrates
3.2.8 Statistical analysis
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Differences in kernel pigment concentration and ANDs composition between 9311bk and wild type under different temperature regimes
3.3.2 Expression pattern of various genes involved in ANDs biosynthesis in developing kernels and its response to HT exposure at grain filling
3.3.3 Difference in the response of kernel ROS content, MDA accumulation, antioxidant enzyme, to HT exposure between bk mutant rice and its wild type
3.3.4 Ultrastructural changes induced by HT in kernel of bk mutant and its wild type
3.4 DISCUSSION
3.4.1 ANDs deficiency in wild type confers more endogenous ROS accumulation under high-temperature stress
3.4.2 ANDs accumulation confers more ROS scavenging ability in bk mutant than wild type under high-temperature stress
3.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Effect of nitrogen deficiency at filling stage to kernel anthocyanidin accumulation and its relation to ROS detoxification in filling grains for bk mutant
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.2.1 Plant materials and treatments
4.2.2 Determination of anthocyanidin, flavonoid and polyphenol contents in rice grains
4.2.3 RNA isolation, cDNA preparation, and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR
4.2.4 Determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2
-), total soluble sugar and sucrose contents in rice grains
4.2.5 Determination of antioxidant enzyme activity
4.2.6 Statistical analysis
4.3 RESULTS
4.3.1 Effect of N deficiency at filling stage on the protein and pigments concentration and anthocyanidin composition in bk mutant grains
4.3.2 Change in the transcriptional expression of various genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice for the bk mutant under N-deficiency
4.3.3 Difference in the response of kernel ROS content, MDA accumulation, antioxidant enzyme to N deficiency in bk mutant rice
4.4 DISCUSSION
4.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Effect of shading at filling stage to kernel anthocyanidin accumulation and its relation to ROS detoxification in filling grains for bk mutant
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
5.2.1 Plant materials and treatments
5.2.2 Examination of grain ultrastructure
5.2.3 Determination of anthocyanidin, flavonoid and polyphenol contents in rice grains
5.2.4 Measurement of anthocyanins composition by HPLC
5.2.5 RNA isolation, cDNA preparation, and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR
5.2.6 Determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2
-), total soluble sugar and sucrose contents in rice grains
5.2.7 Determination of antioxidant enzyme activity
5.2.8 Statistical analysis
5.3 RESULTS
5.3.1 Effect of shading at filling stage on the pigment concentration and anthocyanidin composition in bk mutant grains
5.3.2 Change in the transcriptional expression of various genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice for the bk mutant and its wild type under shading condition
5.3.3 Difference in the response of kernel ROS content, MDA accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity to shading condition in bk mutant and its wild type
5.3.4 Difference in the response of kernel weight, soluble sugar, sucrose and starch content to shading in bk mutant
5.3.5 Ultrastructural changes induced by HT in kernel of bk mutant and its wild type
5.4 DISCUSSION
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 MAJOR FINDINGS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
6.1 Major findings
6.2 Schematic diagram of research summary
6.3 Future perspectives
References
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
本文編號：3747689
【文章頁數(shù)】：189 頁
【學位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgement
Abstract
摘要
CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Literature review
1.1 Economic importance of color rice
1.2 Geographical distribution and kinds of color rice
1.3 Types of color rice and grain pigment accumulation
1.4 Major chemical composition and grain pigment for color rice
1.5 Composition and structure of anthocyanidins
1.6 Carbohydrate metabolism in color rice
1.6.1 Total soluble sugar content
1.6.2 Starch biosynthesis and accumulation
1.7 Genetic control and physiological metabolism of Anthocyanin biosynthesis
1.7.1 Anthocyanin profile of color rice
1.7.2 Cyanidin3Glucoside (C3G)
1.7.3 Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway
1.7.4 Genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway
1.8 Environmental and other Factors Affecting Pigment Accumulation
1.9 Relationship between anthocyanin formation and defense mechanism
Objectives of our study
CHAPTER 2 Differential anthocyanidin accumulation pattern in color rice and its relation to transcriptional expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.2.1 Plant materials and field experiment
2.2.2 Measurements of soluble sugar content and starch accumulation in filling grains
2.2.3 Determination of starch gelatinization characteristics
2.2.4 Determination of various pigment contents in filling grain
2.2.5 Measurement of anthocyanin composition by HPLC
2.2.6 RNA isolation, cDNA preparation, and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR
2.2.7 Statistical analysis
2.3 RESULTS
2.3.1 Mutation phenotype in the bk and rk mutant and its alteration in grain quality-related physiological parameters in mature rice grain
2.3.2 Genotype-dependent alteration in the accumulating amount of various pigments and its temporal pattern during grain filling
2.3.3 Genotype-dependent differences in the transcriptional profile of various genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis
2.3.4 Genotype-dependent differences in the transcriptional profile and the temporal patterns of several genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis during filling grain
2.3.5 Genotype-dependent difference in grain weight, soluble sugar content and starch accumulation during grain development
2.4 DISCUSSION
2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3 Anthocyanidin accumulation in black kernel mutant rice and its contribution to ROS detoxification in response to high temperature at filling stage
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.2.1 Plant materials and temperature treatments
3.2.2 Examination of grain ultrastructure
3.2.3 Determination of anthocyanidin, flavonoid and polyphenol contents in rice grains
3.2.4 Measurement of anthocyanins composition by HPLC
3.2.5 RNA isolation, cDNA preparation, and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR
3.2.6 Determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O2
-), and antioxidant enzyme activity
3.2.7 Determination of carbohydrates
3.2.8 Statistical analysis
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Differences in kernel pigment concentration and ANDs composition between 9311bk and wild type under different temperature regimes
3.3.2 Expression pattern of various genes involved in ANDs biosynthesis in developing kernels and its response to HT exposure at grain filling
3.3.3 Difference in the response of kernel ROS content, MDA accumulation, antioxidant enzyme, to HT exposure between bk mutant rice and its wild type
3.3.4 Ultrastructural changes induced by HT in kernel of bk mutant and its wild type
3.4 DISCUSSION
3.4.1 ANDs deficiency in wild type confers more endogenous ROS accumulation under high-temperature stress
3.4.2 ANDs accumulation confers more ROS scavenging ability in bk mutant than wild type under high-temperature stress
3.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Effect of nitrogen deficiency at filling stage to kernel anthocyanidin accumulation and its relation to ROS detoxification in filling grains for bk mutant
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.2.1 Plant materials and treatments
4.2.2 Determination of anthocyanidin, flavonoid and polyphenol contents in rice grains
4.2.3 RNA isolation, cDNA preparation, and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR
4.2.4 Determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2
-), total soluble sugar and sucrose contents in rice grains
4.2.5 Determination of antioxidant enzyme activity
4.2.6 Statistical analysis
4.3 RESULTS
4.3.1 Effect of N deficiency at filling stage on the protein and pigments concentration and anthocyanidin composition in bk mutant grains
4.3.2 Change in the transcriptional expression of various genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice for the bk mutant under N-deficiency
4.3.3 Difference in the response of kernel ROS content, MDA accumulation, antioxidant enzyme to N deficiency in bk mutant rice
4.4 DISCUSSION
4.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Effect of shading at filling stage to kernel anthocyanidin accumulation and its relation to ROS detoxification in filling grains for bk mutant
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
5.2.1 Plant materials and treatments
5.2.2 Examination of grain ultrastructure
5.2.3 Determination of anthocyanidin, flavonoid and polyphenol contents in rice grains
5.2.4 Measurement of anthocyanins composition by HPLC
5.2.5 RNA isolation, cDNA preparation, and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR
5.2.6 Determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2
-), total soluble sugar and sucrose contents in rice grains
5.2.7 Determination of antioxidant enzyme activity
5.2.8 Statistical analysis
5.3 RESULTS
5.3.1 Effect of shading at filling stage on the pigment concentration and anthocyanidin composition in bk mutant grains
5.3.2 Change in the transcriptional expression of various genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice for the bk mutant and its wild type under shading condition
5.3.3 Difference in the response of kernel ROS content, MDA accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity to shading condition in bk mutant and its wild type
5.3.4 Difference in the response of kernel weight, soluble sugar, sucrose and starch content to shading in bk mutant
5.3.5 Ultrastructural changes induced by HT in kernel of bk mutant and its wild type
5.4 DISCUSSION
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 MAJOR FINDINGS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
6.1 Major findings
6.2 Schematic diagram of research summary
6.3 Future perspectives
References
LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
本文編號：3747689
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