糧食生產(chǎn)是人類社會對氣候變化的敏感產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。雖然現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技和技術(shù)有助于降低農(nóng)業(yè)脆弱性并提高生產(chǎn)力,但是幾年來在美國、俄羅斯和中國發(fā)生的干旱和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)影響已經(jīng)沖擊了全球谷物市場,這凸顯了農(nóng)業(yè)的潛在脆弱性。這種脆弱性與土地退化有關(guān),后者主要表現(xiàn)為土壤重金屬污染,土壤有機質(zhì)損失導致土壤結(jié)構(gòu)變差、土壤緊實、土壤肥力流失,這些因素均導致農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力降低和脆弱性加劇。生物質(zhì)廢棄物轉(zhuǎn)化的生物質(zhì)炭是一種能改善土壤肥力、恢復土壤退化和減少全球農(nóng)業(yè)溫室氣體排放的選擇。十年來的大量研究表明,適當施用生物質(zhì)炭可改善農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)性。生物質(zhì)炭通常含有大量的穩(wěn)定性碳庫和少量但非常重要的活性碳庫。但是沒有足夠的研究來考察這種活性碳庫在生物質(zhì)炭改良農(nóng)業(yè)土壤的中對土壤質(zhì)量、作物生產(chǎn)力和溫室氣體排放的影響。因此,本研究的目的是定量研究生物質(zhì)炭改良水稻土對其土壤物理化性質(zhì)、作物表現(xiàn)、微量養(yǎng)分有效性、土壤呼吸和溫室氣體排放等的效應幅度,并通過施用水浸提和未浸提生物質(zhì)炭的比較,來辨析影響土壤理化性質(zhì)、作物表現(xiàn)、微量元素有效性、土壤呼吸和溫室氣體排放的主要因素。本研究中,在中國太湖平原稻田中一次性施用生物質(zhì)炭,連續(xù)觀察2015-20... 

【文章來源】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學江蘇省211工程院校教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：114 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 WHAT IS BIOCHAR
    1.2 WHY AND HOW IS BIOCHAR MADE
    1.3 RICE WHEAT ROTAION, RICE PADDY AND EXTRACTED BIOCHAR
    1.4 CLIMATE CHANGE AND BIOCHAR MOVEMENT
    1.5 BIOCHARS EFFECTS ON SOIL RESPIRATION
    1.6 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION
    1.7 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON PLANT GROWTH
    1.8 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON
    1.9 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON SOIL FERTILITY AND PLANT NUTRIENTS
    1.10 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    1.11 STATEMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC ISSUES AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVITY
    1.12 RESEARCH PATHWAY
CHAPTER 2 WATER EXTRACTION EFFECTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES ANDAVAILABILTY OF MICRONUTRIENTS
    2.1 INTRODUCTION
    2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        2.2.1 Biochar materials
        2.2.2 Extracted biochar
        2.2.3 Field trial
        2.2.4 Soil sampling and analysis
        2.2.5 Statistical analysis
    2.3 RESULTS
        2.3.1 Chemical properties of unextracted and extracted biochars
        2.3.2 Soil properties changes
        2.3.3 Soil micronutrients
    2.4 DISCUSSIONS
        2.4.1 Soil properties effects
        2.4.2 Soil micronutrients effects
    2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3 WATER EXTRACTION EFFECTS ON CROP GROWTH ANDROOT MORPHOLOGY
    3.1 INTRODUCTION
    3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        3.2.1 Crop traits and yield measurement
    3.3 RESULTS
        3.3.1 Changes in plant traits
        3.3.2 Root morphology
        3.3.3 Grain and straw nutrient uptake
    3.4 DISCUSSION
        3.4.1 Biochar on crop growth
        3.4.2 Nutrients uptake with biochar
    3.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4 WATER-EXTRACTION EFFECTS ON CARBON FRACTION ANDGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
    4.1 INTRODUCTION
    4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        4.2.1 Soil and gas sampling
        4.2.2 Calculation for greenhouse gas emissions
    4.3 RESULTS
        4.3.1 SOC and MBC
        4.3.2 Soil respiration and GHG emissions
    4.4 DISCUSSION
    4.5 CONCLUSION
    4.6 WATER EXTRACTION EFFECTS CHANGES WITH CROP SEASONS
CHAPTER 5 OVERALL SYNTHESIS AND PERSPECTIVES
    5.1 Synthesis of findings
    5.2 Confines and research gaps
REFERENCES
PUBLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


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期刊論文
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