不同灌水處理?xiàng)l件下蓄水坑灌蘋(píng)果樹(shù)根系分布與土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-10 05:06
【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與人們生活水平提高,蘋(píng)果在人們生活中的重要性逐漸顯現(xiàn),蘋(píng)果營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富,是人們生活的不可或缺的食品之一,由此,蘋(píng)果也成為我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)的重要組成部分之一。但由于干旱問(wèn)題的存在,嚴(yán)重影響了蘋(píng)果的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。蓄水坑灌法是一種解決北方干旱問(wèn)題的中深層立體果林灌溉新方法。進(jìn)行不同灌水處理,調(diào)控適宜的土壤水分是蓄水坑灌蘋(píng)果高產(chǎn)與高質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)。為此,論文采取田間試驗(yàn)和理論分析與模擬相結(jié)合的研究方法,以地面灌溉(DM)為對(duì)照,設(shè)置三個(gè)灌水處理(土壤壤含水率控制在田持的50%-80%(W1)、60%-90%(W2)、70%-100%(W3)),對(duì)蓄水坑灌條件下蘋(píng)果樹(shù)根系分布與土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)進(jìn)行研究,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、蓄水坑灌不同灌水處理灌前土壤含水率分布規(guī)律一致,均為隨著深度的增大而增大,各處理灌前土壤含水率關(guān)系為W1W2W3。灌后蓄水坑灌土壤含水率以蓄水坑為中心呈橢球狀分布,距坑中心越遠(yuǎn),土壤含水率越小。不同處理灌后土壤含水率分布范圍和含水率值不同,各處理的大小關(guān)系為W1W2W3。不同灌水處理下的蓄水坑灌果園土壤水分一維、二維和三維分布模型均符合指數(shù)模型。地面灌溉后含水率集中于土壤表層,而蓄水坑灌后主要集中于30-120cm中深層土壤,蓄水坑灌法更具有節(jié)水、保水優(yōu)勢(shì)。在任意深度位置處,不同處理下的土壤含水率均隨時(shí)間呈現(xiàn)相同的變化趨勢(shì),三種處理下的各層含水率隨時(shí)間變化的均值大小表現(xiàn)為:W3W2W1。三種處理下的根區(qū)土體的平均含水量隨時(shí)間呈現(xiàn)鋸齒狀的波動(dòng)趨勢(shì),三者的數(shù)值大小表現(xiàn)為:w3w2w1,并且不同處理間的差異達(dá)到極顯著水平。2、蓄水坑灌果樹(shù)全生育期需水量及需水強(qiáng)度均隨灌水量增加而增加,不同處理需水量及需水強(qiáng)度大小關(guān)系為w1w2w3;不同灌水處理下的蘋(píng)果樹(shù)需水量和作物系數(shù)隨時(shí)間均呈現(xiàn)拋物線(xiàn)形的變化,不同處理作物系數(shù)關(guān)系為w1w2w3;不同灌水處理下的蘋(píng)果樹(shù)莖流隨時(shí)間均呈現(xiàn)先逐漸增大,然后逐漸減小的變化趨勢(shì),不同處理下的莖流量大小關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為:w3w2w1;不同灌水處理下的果園棵間蒸發(fā)量呈現(xiàn)先逐漸增大后減小的變化趨勢(shì),而棵間蒸發(fā)占作物需水量的比例呈現(xiàn)相反的變化趨勢(shì)。3、不同灌水處理?xiàng)l件下蓄水坑灌蘋(píng)果樹(shù)根長(zhǎng)密度、根表面積密度、根重密度、根系含水率和根系活力垂向分布規(guī)律一致,均為隨著深度的增大呈先增大后減小的變化趨勢(shì)。不同灌水處理不同生育期,根長(zhǎng)密度、根表面積密度、根重密度、根系含水率和根系活力分布范圍不同,根長(zhǎng)密度、根表面積密度和根系含水率分布的深度范圍為w3w2w1,根重密度的深度范圍為w2w3w1,根系活力不同生育期深度分布范圍不同,在春梢旺長(zhǎng)期和盛花期表現(xiàn)為w2w3w1,在幼果期、膨大期和成熟期表現(xiàn)為w3w2w1。不同灌水處理不同生育期,根長(zhǎng)密度、根表面積密度、根重密度、根系含水率和根系活力垂向最大值出現(xiàn)位置關(guān)系為w3w2w1。建立了不同灌水處理?xiàng)l件下蓄水坑灌根長(zhǎng)密度、根表面積密度、根重密度、根系含水率和根系活力垂向分布模型和時(shí)空動(dòng)態(tài)變化模型。蓄水坑灌w2處理的根長(zhǎng)密度、根表面積密度、根重密度、根系含水率和根系活力均大于地面灌溉dm處理,w2處理的根長(zhǎng)密度、根表面積密度、根重密度、根系活力分別是地面灌溉dm處理的1.14、1.15、1.21、1.01和1.18倍。4、不同灌水處理對(duì)蓄水坑灌蘋(píng)果樹(shù)產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)有明顯影響,單株蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)量、果形指數(shù)、硬脆度和可溶性固體關(guān)系為W3W2W1,可滴定酸關(guān)系為W3W1W2,糖酸比關(guān)系為W2W3W1。綜合比較平均根系活力、果形指數(shù)、果實(shí)硬度、可溶性固體、可滴定酸、糖酸比和水分生產(chǎn)率,采用主成分分析法得出不同灌水的綜合排名為W2DMW1W3,即蓄水坑灌適宜的灌水處理為W2。5、基于最小二乘支持向量機(jī),建立了以土壤初始貯水量或土壤初始含水率、預(yù)測(cè)起始時(shí)間、預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)段長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)段內(nèi)灌水量、時(shí)段內(nèi)降雨量、參考作物需水量ET0和處理編號(hào)為輸入,以蓄水坑灌果園根區(qū)2m厚土層土壤貯水量或分層含水率為輸出的LSSVM-WSP-1土壤貯水量和LSSVM-WSP-10分層土壤含水率預(yù)測(cè)模型,提出了加速差分進(jìn)化算法求解模型中的超參數(shù),并采用田間實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明模型具有較高精度,可用于蓄水坑灌果園貯水量和分層土壤含水率的預(yù)測(cè)。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the importance of apple in people's life is becoming more and more important, and the nutrition of apple is one of the indispensable food of people's life. But as a result of the drought, the yield and quality of the apple are seriously affected. The water storage pit irrigation method is a new method to solve the problem of northern drought. Different irrigation treatments can be carried out, and the appropriate soil water is the basis of the high yield and high quality of the water storage pit. In this paper, the method of field experiment and theoretical analysis and simulation is adopted to control the water content of soil in the field of 50% -80% (W1),60%-90% (W2) and 70% -100% (W3)). The main results of the study on the distribution of the root system and soil moisture of the apple tree under the condition of water storage pit irrigation are as follows:1. The distribution of water content in the soil before and after different irrigation treatments in the water storage pit is consistent with the increase of the depth, and the water content of the soil before each treatment is W1W2W3. The water content of the soil in the water storage pit of the water storage pit is distributed at the center of the water storage pit, and the further the distance from the center of the pit is, the smaller the water content of the soil. The distribution range and water content of the soil after different treatment were different, and the size of each treatment was W1W2W3. The model of one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional distribution of soil water in the water storage pit under different irrigation treatments is in accordance with the exponential model. The water content after surface irrigation is concentrated on the soil surface layer, and the water storage pit is mainly concentrated in the deep soil of 30-120cm, and the water storage pit irrigation method has the advantages of water saving and water retention. In any depth position, the water content of the soil under different treatments is the same as the time, and the mean size of the water content of each layer under the three treatments is as follows: W3W2W1. The average water content of the soil in the root area under the three treatments showed a sawtooth wave tendency with the time, the numerical values of the three treatments were: w3w2w1, and the difference between the different treatments reached a very significant level. the water demand and the water demand intensity of the whole growth period of the water storage pit irrigation tree are increased with the increase of the irrigation quantity, the water demand of different treatment and the water demand intensity are the w1w2w3, and the water demand and the crop coefficient of the apple trees under different irrigation treatments are in a parabolic shape along with the time, The relationship between the different treatment crop coefficients was w1w2w3; the stem flow of the apple trees under different irrigation treatments was gradually increased with the time, then gradually decreased, and the relationship between the stem flow and the size under different treatments was: w3w2w1; The evaporation capacity of the orchard under different irrigation treatments was gradually increased and the change trend was decreased, while the ratio of evaporation to the water demand of the crops was the opposite trend. The water content of the root system and the vertical distribution of the root activity of the root system are consistent, and the variation trend of the reduction after the increase of the depth increases. the depth range of the root length density, the root surface area density and the root system water content distribution is w3w2w1, and the depth range of the root weight density is w2w3w1, The root activity was different in different growth stages, and w2w3w1 was expressed in the long-term and blooming period of the spring-tip and w3w2w1 at the stage of the young fruit, the expansion period and the mature period. The relationship between the root length density, the root surface area density, the root weight density, the root system water content and the vertical maximum value of the root activity was w3w2w1. The model of root area density, root surface area density, root weight density, root system water content and root activity vertical distribution model and space-time dynamic change model were established under different irrigation treatment conditions. the root length density, the root surface area density, the root weight density, the root system water content and the root activity of the root surface area density, the root surface area density, the root weight density and the root activity of the water storage pit irrigation w2 treatment are more than 1.14, 1.15, 1.21, 1.01 and 1.18 times of the surface irrigation dm treatment, The effects of different irrigation treatments on the yield and quality of the apple tree in the water storage pit were significantly affected. The apple yield, the fruit shape index, the hard and the soluble solid relation of the single plant were W3W2W1, the titratable acid relationship was W3W1W2, and the ratio of the acid to sugar was W2W3W1. The average root activity, the fruit shape index, the fruit hardness, the soluble solid, the titratable acid, the sugar and sugar ratio and the water productivity were compared, and the main component analysis method was used to obtain the comprehensive ranking of different irrigation of W2DMW1W3, that is, the appropriate irrigation treatment for the water storage pit was W2DMW1W3. based on the least-square support vector machine, the initial water content of the soil or the initial water content of the soil, the predicted starting time, the length of the prediction period, the amount of irrigation water during the time period, the rainfall in the time period, the ET0 and the processing number of the reference crop water requirement are input, In this paper, the model of soil moisture content of LSSVM-WSP-1 and LSSVM-WSP-10 soil water content prediction model, which is the output of the soil storage volume or the stratified water content of the 2m-thick soil layer in the root area of the water storage pit, is put forward, and the super-parameter in the model of the accelerated differential evolution algorithm is proposed, and the field measurement data is used to verify the model. The results show that the model has high precision and can be used for predicting the water content of the water storage and the water content of the layered soil in the water storage pit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S661.1
本文編號(hào)：2496194
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the importance of apple in people's life is becoming more and more important, and the nutrition of apple is one of the indispensable food of people's life. But as a result of the drought, the yield and quality of the apple are seriously affected. The water storage pit irrigation method is a new method to solve the problem of northern drought. Different irrigation treatments can be carried out, and the appropriate soil water is the basis of the high yield and high quality of the water storage pit. In this paper, the method of field experiment and theoretical analysis and simulation is adopted to control the water content of soil in the field of 50% -80% (W1),60%-90% (W2) and 70% -100% (W3)). The main results of the study on the distribution of the root system and soil moisture of the apple tree under the condition of water storage pit irrigation are as follows:1. The distribution of water content in the soil before and after different irrigation treatments in the water storage pit is consistent with the increase of the depth, and the water content of the soil before each treatment is W1W2W3. The water content of the soil in the water storage pit of the water storage pit is distributed at the center of the water storage pit, and the further the distance from the center of the pit is, the smaller the water content of the soil. The distribution range and water content of the soil after different treatment were different, and the size of each treatment was W1W2W3. The model of one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional distribution of soil water in the water storage pit under different irrigation treatments is in accordance with the exponential model. The water content after surface irrigation is concentrated on the soil surface layer, and the water storage pit is mainly concentrated in the deep soil of 30-120cm, and the water storage pit irrigation method has the advantages of water saving and water retention. In any depth position, the water content of the soil under different treatments is the same as the time, and the mean size of the water content of each layer under the three treatments is as follows: W3W2W1. The average water content of the soil in the root area under the three treatments showed a sawtooth wave tendency with the time, the numerical values of the three treatments were: w3w2w1, and the difference between the different treatments reached a very significant level. the water demand and the water demand intensity of the whole growth period of the water storage pit irrigation tree are increased with the increase of the irrigation quantity, the water demand of different treatment and the water demand intensity are the w1w2w3, and the water demand and the crop coefficient of the apple trees under different irrigation treatments are in a parabolic shape along with the time, The relationship between the different treatment crop coefficients was w1w2w3; the stem flow of the apple trees under different irrigation treatments was gradually increased with the time, then gradually decreased, and the relationship between the stem flow and the size under different treatments was: w3w2w1; The evaporation capacity of the orchard under different irrigation treatments was gradually increased and the change trend was decreased, while the ratio of evaporation to the water demand of the crops was the opposite trend. The water content of the root system and the vertical distribution of the root activity of the root system are consistent, and the variation trend of the reduction after the increase of the depth increases. the depth range of the root length density, the root surface area density and the root system water content distribution is w3w2w1, and the depth range of the root weight density is w2w3w1, The root activity was different in different growth stages, and w2w3w1 was expressed in the long-term and blooming period of the spring-tip and w3w2w1 at the stage of the young fruit, the expansion period and the mature period. The relationship between the root length density, the root surface area density, the root weight density, the root system water content and the vertical maximum value of the root activity was w3w2w1. The model of root area density, root surface area density, root weight density, root system water content and root activity vertical distribution model and space-time dynamic change model were established under different irrigation treatment conditions. the root length density, the root surface area density, the root weight density, the root system water content and the root activity of the root surface area density, the root surface area density, the root weight density and the root activity of the water storage pit irrigation w2 treatment are more than 1.14, 1.15, 1.21, 1.01 and 1.18 times of the surface irrigation dm treatment, The effects of different irrigation treatments on the yield and quality of the apple tree in the water storage pit were significantly affected. The apple yield, the fruit shape index, the hard and the soluble solid relation of the single plant were W3W2W1, the titratable acid relationship was W3W1W2, and the ratio of the acid to sugar was W2W3W1. The average root activity, the fruit shape index, the fruit hardness, the soluble solid, the titratable acid, the sugar and sugar ratio and the water productivity were compared, and the main component analysis method was used to obtain the comprehensive ranking of different irrigation of W2DMW1W3, that is, the appropriate irrigation treatment for the water storage pit was W2DMW1W3. based on the least-square support vector machine, the initial water content of the soil or the initial water content of the soil, the predicted starting time, the length of the prediction period, the amount of irrigation water during the time period, the rainfall in the time period, the ET0 and the processing number of the reference crop water requirement are input, In this paper, the model of soil moisture content of LSSVM-WSP-1 and LSSVM-WSP-10 soil water content prediction model, which is the output of the soil storage volume or the stratified water content of the 2m-thick soil layer in the root area of the water storage pit, is put forward, and the super-parameter in the model of the accelerated differential evolution algorithm is proposed, and the field measurement data is used to verify the model. The results show that the model has high precision and can be used for predicting the water content of the water storage and the water content of the layered soil in the water storage pit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S661.1
【相似文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 馬娟娟,孫西歡,李占斌;蓄水坑灌降雨徑流的產(chǎn)匯流特性研究[J];水土保持學(xué)報(bào);2005年04期
2 張存根;;栽樹(shù)又種地 產(chǎn)糧又摘果[J];山西水土保持科技;1987年03期
3 汪增濤;孫西歡;馬娟娟;郭向紅;;蓄水坑灌條件下室內(nèi)土柱蒸發(fā)試驗(yàn)研究[J];灌溉排水學(xué)報(bào);2011年01期
4 李京玲;孫西歡;馬娟娟;李建文;;蓄水坑灌條件下土壤水氮運(yùn)移的研究進(jìn)展[J];節(jié)水灌溉;2012年07期
5 李京玲;馬娟娟;孫西歡;李建文;申星;劉秋麗;;蓄水坑灌單坑土壤氮素遷移轉(zhuǎn)化的數(shù)值模擬[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2012年01期
6 張亞瓊;孫西歡;郭向紅;馬娟娟;;不同覆蓋方式下蓄水坑土壤溫度日變化特征研究[J];節(jié)水灌溉;2013年01期
7 馬娟娟,孫西歡;蓄水坑入滲特性分析[J];中國(guó)水土保持;2002年07期
8 樊曉波;孫西歡;郭向紅;馬娟娟;;蓄水坑灌土壤水分分布特征研究[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)村水利水電;2013年03期
9 劉浩;馬娟娟;孫西歡;張勇;郭向紅;;蓄水坑灌條件下不同肥液濃度對(duì)蘋(píng)果園土壤氨揮發(fā)的影響研究[J];節(jié)水灌溉;2013年02期
10 崔世勇;孫西歡;郭向紅;馬娟娟;郝鋒珍;仇群伊;;蓄水坑灌不同坑深條件下土壤水分分布特征分析[J];節(jié)水灌溉;2014年05期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 趙運(yùn)革;不同灌水處理?xiàng)l件下蓄水坑灌蘋(píng)果樹(shù)根系分布與土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2017年
2 馬娟娟;蓄水坑灌條件下土壤水分運(yùn)動(dòng)特性的試驗(yàn)研究[D];西安理工大學(xué);2005年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條
1 桑永青;蓄水坑灌下不同灌水處理對(duì)蘋(píng)果園SPAC系統(tǒng)水勢(shì)影響研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2016年
2 趙琛;蓄水坑灌果園土壤水分和養(yǎng)分監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)布設(shè)優(yōu)化研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2016年
3 李波;蓄水坑灌條件下幼齡蘋(píng)果樹(shù)的適宜灌水下限研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2016年
4 張學(xué)琴;蓄水坑灌條件下蘋(píng)果樹(shù)根系生長(zhǎng)和根際土壤酶活性的研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2016年
5 李俊杰;蓄水坑灌不同蓄水坑結(jié)構(gòu)型式條件下果園冬季土壤溫度分布特征研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2015年
6 郝鋒珍;蓄水坑灌果樹(shù)吸水根系分布及吸水模型研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2014年
7 張亞瓊;不同覆蓋方式下蓄水坑土壤溫度變化特征研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2013年
8 劉浩;蓄水坑灌條件下果園土壤氨揮發(fā)與氧化亞氮排放的試驗(yàn)研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2013年
9 王穎苗;蓄水坑灌條件下蘋(píng)果樹(shù)葉片蒸騰特性及模型研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2015年
10 戴宏勝;蓄水坑灌條件下蘋(píng)果園棵間蒸發(fā)試驗(yàn)研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2009年
，本文編號(hào)：2496194
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shoufeilunwen/nykjbs/2496194.html
最近更新
教材專(zhuān)著
