產(chǎn)漂流性卵小型魚類的生態(tài)位建模及分析
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of the extinction of the small-scale fish in the USA in recent years, the ecological niche modeling and analysis of the small fish with rafting eggs are carried out in the paper by Arkanas River Siner, Norois girardi (hereinafter referred to as" ARS "). The aim of this paper is to provide a reference for the conservation of the river ecosystem and the restoration of the endangered fish habitat. In this paper, under the aid of the "Biotic and Abiotic Factors Related to Declining Distribution of a Federally Threatened Cyprinid" of the United States Geological Survey, the research contents are as follows: (1) The method of improving the transfer ability of the niche model is studied with the ecological niche model MAXENT as an example. Based on the concept of projection and the correlation theory of the prediction results before and after transfer, the transfer capability coefficient of the model is defined: the "forecast" capacity coefficient and the "retroactively" capacity coefficient. The invention provides a variable screening method based on a Spearman's rho correlation coefficient between environment variables, a variable screening method based on an environment variable variance expansion factor VIF, an environment variable recombination method based on the principal component analysis PCA, and an adaptive parameter "Regularization Multiplier" method for adjusting the model, The best way to improve the transfer ability of niche model is put forward. The results show that four conventional methods can effectively improve the transfer ability of the model, in which, the increase of the "Regularization Multiplier" value is the most obvious, the "forecast" capacity coefficient is improved by 67%, the "retroactively" capacity coefficient is improved by 74%, But the high "Regularization Multiplier" value can affect the simulation effect (self-adaptability) of the model. By means of the combination of the adjusting "Regularization Multiplier" and the variable correlation analysis method, the best effect of improving the model transfer capability can be achieved on the basis of ensuring the adaptability of the ecological niche model. (2) The research on the suitability analysis method of the ARS habitat is based on the geographic information system (GIS) and the remote sensing technology (RS), and the data collected from 1950 to 2010 may affect the potential distribution of ARS in the river basin, including the biological and climatic data and the topographic and geomorphological data. Slope elevation data, river flow pattern data and alien invasive species data, etc.; the distribution data of point sources, groundwater exploitation wells and water retaining dams, such as major river perimeters, are calculated. Based on the MAXENT niche model, the distribution of ARS in different periods is modeled. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of natural environment and man-made activities on the potential distribution of ARS, and to determine the appropriate living environment of the endangered fish. The results show that the flow regime of the river (annual average flow and river level) and man-made activities (groundwater exploitation factors and point source factors) have a great contribution to the model of the MAXENT niche model in different periods (5%), that is, the influence of the potential habitat distribution of ARS is large. The response curve of ARS in different period is different from that of each factor. The main reason is that the distribution quantity of ARS is different from the range. The environment space and the habitat adaptability model of the large-scale basin are set up, and the appropriate living environment of the specific fish object is determined from the macroscopic angle. (3) The research and study on the key ecological hydrological factors of the ARS propagation period selected the daily runoff data from 1950 to 2010 in the 40 hydrological stations of the whole basin, and analyzed the special hydrological condition demand of the small-scale fish breeding period, and gave three ecological hydrological factors: The high-flow rate, the high-flow duration of the breeding period and the duration of the breeding period. The ecological hydrological factors are combined with other environmental factors to construct the MAXENT niche model in different periods, and the natural flow pattern of the basin before and after the construction of the large-scale water conservancy project is found to be great. The results showed that the contribution rate of high-flow rate to niche model was the highest in the breeding period (65.8% in the historical period and 55.7% in the current period), and the effect of high-flow rate on the egg-producing period of ARS was further proved. In addition, the high-flow adaptation range of ARS is helpful to quantify the formation of river ecological targets and to guide the implementation of the reconstruction or control operation of the river ecosystem. (4) The research and research on the potential habitat dynamic analysis of ARS in the case of climate change, using the latest climate scene data published by the IPCC AR5, and analyzing the ecological significance and the correlation of the bioclimate factors, preferably 5 climate factors, The changes of the potential suitable habitat for ARS in the Meihe River Basin,2030,2050 and 2070, are simulated by the CCSM4.0 community climate system model. In view of the non-uniform distribution of the climate in the east and west of the river basin, combined with the Palmer's drought intensity index (PDSI), the method of modeling and analyzing two sub-regions according to the minimum outer envelope rectangle is proposed. The prediction accuracy of the model can be verified by comparing the increase rate (Gain) and the loss rate (Loss) of the sub-region model and the overall region model prediction result. The results show that the increase rate ratio (Gain Rate) and the loss rate ratio (LosRate) range are within 1-0.3, indicating that the sub-region model and the overall model prediction result are consistent, and the result of the model prediction is more accurate. By plotting the change trend of the potential suitable habitat for ARS in the three periods of 2030,2050 and 2070, the distribution pattern of ARS is found to be affected by the variation of temperature variation and the highest temperature in the hottest month, and the whole is shifted to the upstream reach of the Canadian river in the west. In the eastern region, the distribution probability of other reaches will be smaller and smaller in addition to the increasing trend of the junction of the Maolong River and the East River. The research approach is beneficial to reducing the impact of future climate change on endangered species.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:S931.1
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