【摘要】：為了優(yōu)化我國國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)布局,提高自然保護(hù)區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的有效性,該文以地貌、植被和自然保護(hù)區(qū)等空間分布數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),采用疊加分析、TWINSPAN分類、保護(hù)空缺分析等方法,開展了自然保護(hù)綜合地理區(qū)劃,分析了我國自然保護(hù)區(qū)的建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀和格局以及各地理單元的保護(hù)空缺,評估了國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)對天然植被的保護(hù)有效性。研發(fā)了自然保護(hù)區(qū)生物多樣性保護(hù)價值的定量評估方法,并用106個自然保護(hù)區(qū)進(jìn)行了測試。依據(jù)以上研究結(jié)果和自然保護(hù)區(qū)建設(shè)關(guān)鍵區(qū)域分析,提出了國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)體系的優(yōu)化布局方案。主要結(jié)果和結(jié)論如下：1.提出了包括4個地貌大區(qū)、40個地貌地區(qū)、127個地貌亞地區(qū)和473個地貌區(qū)的地貌區(qū)劃系統(tǒng)。提出了包括8個地理區(qū)域、37個地理地帶、117個地理區(qū)和496個地理小區(qū)的自然保護(hù)綜合地理區(qū)劃。2.在自然保護(hù)區(qū)體系中,國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)發(fā)揮著主體作用；野生植物、草原與草甸以及海洋和海岸類型自然保護(hù)區(qū)較少；中小型自然保護(hù)區(qū)居多,大型自然保護(hù)區(qū)較少且主要位于西南、西北等地；我國自然保護(hù)區(qū)空間分布格局傾向于局部聚集。3.有7個自然保護(hù)地理區(qū)和188個自然保護(hù)地理小區(qū)尚未建設(shè)國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)。雖然這些地理單元的保護(hù)空缺并不是均需要開展自然保護(hù)區(qū)的建設(shè)布局,許多自然保護(hù)地理單元以栽培植被為主,但在一些自然生境較好的自然保護(hù)地理單元仍存在國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)的保護(hù)空缺。4.超過8.85%的植被區(qū)和35.87%的植被小區(qū)并未進(jìn)行國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)的建設(shè)；近25%的自然植被群系未被國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū)有效保護(hù)。天山山地、黃土高原和東南沿海等地區(qū)植被的保護(hù)有效性低。在主要山地800 m以下的山地基部,野生動植物及其生境的保護(hù)力度不足。低海拔的水平地帶性植被和基帶植被在自然保護(hù)區(qū)建設(shè)過程中未得到足夠重視,存在明顯空缺。5.提出了從自然保護(hù)區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、物種多樣性和遺傳種質(zhì)資源等三方面定量評估其生物多樣性保護(hù)價值的數(shù)學(xué)模型和方法。測試發(fā)現(xiàn)河北南大港和遼河源、黑龍江鏡泊湖等省級自然保護(hù)區(qū)物種多樣性保護(hù)價值更高。此評估方法能很好識別自然保護(hù)區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和物種多樣性等保護(hù)價值。6.建議優(yōu)先在202個地理小區(qū)對232處省級自然保護(hù)區(qū)進(jìn)行升級,并在102個地理小區(qū)新建省級自然保護(hù)區(qū)；優(yōu)先建設(shè)高嶺-盤嶺和長白山等6處自然保護(hù)區(qū)域,太行山北段和武夷山北段等14處自然保護(hù)區(qū)群；在10個地區(qū)促進(jìn)跨境自然保護(hù)區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建設(shè)；對18個地區(qū)的自然保護(hù)區(qū)進(jìn)行合并。
[Abstract]:In order to optimize the distribution of national nature reserve and improve the effectiveness of nature reserve network, based on the spatial distribution data of geomorphology, vegetation and nature reserve, this paper adopts the methods of superposition analysis, TWINSPAN classification and protection vacancy analysis, etc. In this paper, the comprehensive geographical division of nature conservation is carried out, the present situation and pattern of the construction of nature reserves in China and the protection gaps of each geographical unit are analyzed, and the effectiveness of national nature reserves in the protection of natural vegetation is evaluated. A quantitative evaluation method for biodiversity conservation value in nature reserves was developed and tested in 106 nature reserves. On the basis of the above research results and the analysis of the key regions of the nature reserve construction, the optimal layout scheme of the national nature reserve system is put forward. The main results and conclusions are as follows: 1. The geomorphological regionalization system including 4 geomorphological regions, 40 geomorphological areas, 127 geomorphological subregions and 473 geomorphological regions is proposed. The comprehensive geographical regionalization of natural conservation including 8 geographical areas, 37 geographical zones, 117 geographical areas and 496 geographical areas was proposed. In the nature reserve system, the national nature reserve plays the main role, the wild plants, grassland and meadows as well as marine and coastal type nature reserve are less; The small and medium-sized nature reserves are the majority, and the large nature reserves are few and mainly located in the southwest and northwest etc.; the spatial distribution pattern of the nature reserves in China tends to local aggregation. 3. There are 7 natural conservation geographical areas and 188 natural conservation geographical areas have not yet been built national nature reserves. Although the gaps in the protection of these geographical units do not necessarily require the construction and distribution of nature reserves, many of the geographical units of nature conservation are dominated by cultivated vegetation, However, in some of the natural conservation geographical units with better natural habitats, there are still gaps in the conservation of national nature reserves. 4. More than 8.85% of the vegetation areas and 35.87% of the vegetation plots have not been constructed in the national nature reserve, and nearly 25% of the natural vegetation series have not been effectively protected by the national nature reserve. The vegetation protection efficiency of Tianshan mountain, loess plateau and southeast coastal area is low. At the base of the mountain below 800 m, the protection of wildlife and its habitat is insufficient. The low altitude horizontal zonal vegetation and baseband vegetation have not been paid enough attention to during the construction of nature reserve, and there is obvious vacancy. 5. A mathematical model and method for quantitative evaluation of biodiversity conservation value in nature reserves from three aspects: ecosystem, species diversity and genetic germplasm resources were put forward. It was found that the conservation value of species diversity in provincial nature reserves such as Nandagang, Liaohe River Source, Jingpo Lake, Heilongjiang Province was higher than that in Hebei Province. This method can well identify conservation values such as ecosystem and species diversity in nature reserves. 6. It is suggested that 232 provincial nature reserves should be upgraded in 202 geographical districts and new provincial nature reserves should be set up in 102 geographical districts. Priority will be given to the construction of 6 natural conservation areas, including Gaoling-Panling and Changbai Mountains, 14 nature reserve groups such as the northern section of Taihang Mountain and the northern part of Wuyi Mountain, and the promotion of the construction of cross-border natural reserve networks in 10 areas; Merge the nature reserves in 18 regions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S759.9
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本文編號：2459744