兩個小麥品種對條銹病持久抗性的遺傳研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-17 20:54
【摘要】：小麥(Triticum aestivum L.)是世界范圍內(nèi)的主要糧食作物之一。小麥條銹菌(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici)嚴重地威脅著小麥生產(chǎn),通過種植抗病品種防治條銹病能減少殺菌劑的使用,與小種�；钥共⌒韵啾�,持久抗病性更能持續(xù)穩(wěn)定地發(fā)揮作用,同時,持久抗病性的遺傳機制是一個很重要的生物學課題。已有數(shù)據(jù)表明,冬小麥品種"青熟麥(QS)"和"Luke"對條銹病具有持久抗性。在實驗室已構(gòu)建的青熟麥與感病小麥品種"銘賢169(MX169)" F6:8重組自交系276個基礎(chǔ)上,本文作者將其繼續(xù)培育至F9:11,在5種環(huán)境(涉及甘肅和山東2個地點,2009-2012的4個生長季)進行了抗病性鑒定,并測定了它們在84個DNA標記位點的基因型,主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)果包括:(1)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個主效抗病QTL,定位在青熟麥的6D染色體長臂上,其位置與之前國內(nèi)外報道過的抗條銹病基因或QTL均不同,是一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)的QTL,按國際通用規(guī)則,定名為QYr.cau-6DL;(2)篩選獲得了一個與QYr.cau-6DL緊密連鎖的SSR標記gpw5179,并證明基于gpw5179能準確地選擇QYr.cau-6DL;(3)通過把青熟麥與RL6058(Yr18基因載體品種,春性)雜交、DNA標記選擇、及2年田間試驗證明,QYr.caau-6DL與Yr18之間以加性方式遺傳,兩者的抗病能力相近,聚合后能把病情嚴重度降低到約15%,這一結(jié)果在冬性和春性2種不同遺傳背景中一致;(4)進一步提供證據(jù)表明青熟麥的抗病性具有持久性特點�；谶@些結(jié)果,認為QYr.cau-6DL具有很大的應用潛力。Luke具有高溫成株抗病性,本文研究明確了該品種的抗病性表達特點:(1)在低溫條件下高度感病,而在高溫條件下因植株生育時期而異,幼苗只有經(jīng)受較長時間的高溫誘導才能表現(xiàn)抗病性,拔節(jié)期及之后誘導則抗性明顯增強;誘導表達抗性的溫度下限為16～18℃、所需高溫的時間隨溫度升高而縮短、最有效的時期是顯癥期;(2)利用二代測序技術(shù)對高低溫下Luke的轉(zhuǎn)錄組進行高通量測序,共拼接組裝All-Unigene174,138條,平均長度為561nt,有注釋信息85,418條(49.1%),按照 FDR≤0.001 且 log21(H_RPKM/L_RPKM)的標準,選擇獲得 15,837 條差異表達片段,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)與活性氧相關(guān)基因參與了高溫抗性表達,ABC轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白和UDP-葡糖糖基轉(zhuǎn)移酶可能參與高溫抗性的表達,水楊酸、茉莉酸對高溫抗性未起作用,植物與病原互作通路高低溫下差異不顯著;(3)通過對27℃高溫和低溫對照樣品進行表達譜測序,得到了 Luke高溫抗病性早期表達的轉(zhuǎn)錄本。結(jié)合實時定量PCR的驗證篩選,得到了 97條與高溫抗性相關(guān)的候選基因片段,為下一步采用RNA干擾、重組自交系共分離、轉(zhuǎn)基因等方法篩選高溫抗性相關(guān)基因奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) It is one of the major food crops in the world. Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) is a serious threat to wheat production. Control of stripe rust by planting resistant varieties can reduce the use of fungicides, and long-term resistance can play a more sustainable and stable role in comparison with race specific resistance. At the same time, the genetic mechanism of persistent disease resistance is an important biological subject. The data indicated that the winter wheat varieties "(QS)" and "Luke" had long-term resistance to stripe rust. On the basis of 276 recombinant inbred lines of Qingshu wheat and susceptible wheat variety "Mingxian 169 (MX169)" F6A8, which have been constructed in the laboratory, the authors continue to cultivate them to F9x11 in five environments (involving 2 sites in Gansu and Shandong, respectively). The disease resistance was identified in four growing seasons of 2009 / 2012, and their genotypes at 84 DNA marker sites were determined. The main contents and results were as follows: (1) A major anti-disease QTL, was located on the long arm of chromosome 6D of mature wheat, and the main results were as follows: (1) A major resistance QTL, was found to be located on the long arm of chromosome 6D of mature wheat. The location of the QTL, is different from that of the stripe rust resistance gene or QTL reported at home and abroad. It is a newly discovered QTL, which is named QYr.cau-6DL; according to the international general rules. (2) gpw5179, a SSR marker closely linked to QYr.cau-6DL, was obtained by screening and proved to be able to select QYr.cau-6DL; accurately based on gpw5179. (3) by crossing green wheat with RL6058 (Yr18 gene vector variety, spring sex), selecting DNA markers and 2-year field experiment, it was proved that QYr.caau-6DL and Yr18 were inherited in additive manner, and their resistance to disease was similar. After polymerization, the severity of the disease could be reduced to about 15%, and the results were consistent in two different genetic backgrounds: winter sex and spring sex. (4) to provide further evidence that the disease resistance of green matured wheat is persistent. On the basis of these results, it is considered that QYr.cau-6DL has great potential for application, and it has resistance to high temperature adult plants. This paper studies the expression characteristics of disease resistance of the variety: (1) under low temperature conditions, it is highly susceptible to disease. But under the high temperature condition, the seedling can show disease resistance only if it is induced by high temperature for a long time, and the resistance is obviously enhanced at the jointing stage and after induction. The temperature limit of induced expression resistance was 16? 18 鈩，
本文編號：2442690
[Abstract]:Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) It is one of the major food crops in the world. Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) is a serious threat to wheat production. Control of stripe rust by planting resistant varieties can reduce the use of fungicides, and long-term resistance can play a more sustainable and stable role in comparison with race specific resistance. At the same time, the genetic mechanism of persistent disease resistance is an important biological subject. The data indicated that the winter wheat varieties "(QS)" and "Luke" had long-term resistance to stripe rust. On the basis of 276 recombinant inbred lines of Qingshu wheat and susceptible wheat variety "Mingxian 169 (MX169)" F6A8, which have been constructed in the laboratory, the authors continue to cultivate them to F9x11 in five environments (involving 2 sites in Gansu and Shandong, respectively). The disease resistance was identified in four growing seasons of 2009 / 2012, and their genotypes at 84 DNA marker sites were determined. The main contents and results were as follows: (1) A major anti-disease QTL, was located on the long arm of chromosome 6D of mature wheat, and the main results were as follows: (1) A major resistance QTL, was found to be located on the long arm of chromosome 6D of mature wheat. The location of the QTL, is different from that of the stripe rust resistance gene or QTL reported at home and abroad. It is a newly discovered QTL, which is named QYr.cau-6DL; according to the international general rules. (2) gpw5179, a SSR marker closely linked to QYr.cau-6DL, was obtained by screening and proved to be able to select QYr.cau-6DL; accurately based on gpw5179. (3) by crossing green wheat with RL6058 (Yr18 gene vector variety, spring sex), selecting DNA markers and 2-year field experiment, it was proved that QYr.caau-6DL and Yr18 were inherited in additive manner, and their resistance to disease was similar. After polymerization, the severity of the disease could be reduced to about 15%, and the results were consistent in two different genetic backgrounds: winter sex and spring sex. (4) to provide further evidence that the disease resistance of green matured wheat is persistent. On the basis of these results, it is considered that QYr.cau-6DL has great potential for application, and it has resistance to high temperature adult plants. This paper studies the expression characteristics of disease resistance of the variety: (1) under low temperature conditions, it is highly susceptible to disease. But under the high temperature condition, the seedling can show disease resistance only if it is induced by high temperature for a long time, and the resistance is obviously enhanced at the jointing stage and after induction. The temperature limit of induced expression resistance was 16? 18 鈩，
本文編號：2442690
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