【摘要】：水稻中胚軸長(zhǎng)度是影響水稻出苗的重要因素之一。栽培稻中胚軸伸長(zhǎng)存在一定的亞種間差別,多數(shù)秈稻中胚軸伸長(zhǎng)能力較強(qiáng),而粳稻中胚軸伸長(zhǎng)能力比較弱。前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)具有粳稻遺傳背景的雜草稻(Oryza sativa f. spontanea L.)——WR04-6和WR04-43具有較長(zhǎng)的中胚軸,但其中胚軸伸長(zhǎng)的作用機(jī)制還不清楚。水稻中胚軸生長(zhǎng)由細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)、分裂和形態(tài)建成等過(guò)程決定。微管骨架是細(xì)胞骨架的主要組成部分,在細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)、分裂和形態(tài)建成中起到重要作用。然而,水稻中胚軸伸長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中微管的作用尚不明確。本研究以2種雜草稻W(wǎng)R04-6和WR04-43為研究試材,栽培稻日本晴為對(duì)照,闡明通過(guò)微管解聚介導(dǎo)赤霉素(GA)含量使雜草稻中胚軸伸長(zhǎng)的作用機(jī)制。主要的研究結(jié)果如下：1.在微管特異性解聚藥劑oryzalin (25 nM)處理下,3種水稻中胚軸和中胚軸細(xì)胞的長(zhǎng)度均顯著增加。相反,在微管穩(wěn)定藥劑taxol(1μM)的處理下,中胚軸長(zhǎng)度和中胚軸細(xì)胞的長(zhǎng)度均顯著下降。2.與日本晴相比,雜草稻在中胚軸伸長(zhǎng)前期,其中胚軸細(xì)胞表現(xiàn)更明顯的微管解聚,以及隨后微管的橫向排列。3.雜草稻中胚軸伸長(zhǎng)前期,微管解聚刺激了內(nèi)源GA含量的增加,并且誘導(dǎo)了GA合成基因GA3ox2、GA20ox2和GID1基因表達(dá)量的升高。4.通過(guò)分析15個(gè)微管結(jié)合蛋白基因,3個(gè)OsKatanin(微管切割蛋白)亞基基因在雜草稻中胚軸伸長(zhǎng)前期表達(dá)量顯著升高。5.將OsKatanin p60s基因分別在栽培稻日本晴中過(guò)表達(dá),發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)表達(dá)植株中胚軸和中胚軸細(xì)胞均顯著伸長(zhǎng)。微管的動(dòng)態(tài)變化、GA含量和GA合成基因的變化與雜草稻類(lèi)似。綜上所述,微管的動(dòng)態(tài)變化對(duì)北方雜草稻中胚軸伸長(zhǎng)起了重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用,其中微管解聚介導(dǎo)OsKatanin可能通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)GA的合成和信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)刺激內(nèi)源GA含量的增加,從而促進(jìn)中胚軸的伸長(zhǎng)。
[Abstract]:The length of rice mesocotyls is one of the important factors affecting rice seedling emergence. There were some subspecies differences in the elongation of mesocotyl of cultivated rice. Most indica rice had strong elongation ability of mesocotyls, while japonica rice had weak elongation ability of mesocotyls. Genetic background of Weed Rice (Oryza sativa f. in Japonica Rice Spontanea L.)-WR04-6 and WR04-43 have long mesocotyls, but the mechanism of elongation is unclear. The growth of rice mesocotyls is determined by cell growth, division and morphogenesis. Microtubule cytoskeleton is the main component of cytoskeleton and plays an important role in cell growth, division and morphogenesis. However, the role of microtubules in the elongation of rice mesocotyls is unclear. In this study, two kinds of weedy rice (WR04-6 and WR04-43) were used as the experimental materials and the cultivated rice (Nippon) as control. The mechanism of microtubule-mediated gibberellin (GA) content in the mesocotyls of weedy rice was discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. Under the treatment of microtubule-specific depolymerization agent oryzalin (25 nM), the length of mesocotyls and mesocotyl cells of three rice varieties increased significantly. On the contrary, the length of mesocotyls and the length of mesocotyl cells decreased significantly under the treatment of microtubule stabilizer taxol (1 渭 M). The microtubule depolymerization of Hypocotyl cells and the transversal arrangement of microtubules were more obvious in the early stage of elongation of Hypocotyl than in Nippon clear. The microtubule depolymerization stimulated the increase of endogenous GA content and induced the expression of GA synthase genes GA3ox2,GA20ox2 and GID1 in the early stage of elongation of mesocotyl of weedy rice. 4. Through the analysis of 15 microtubule-binding protein genes, 3 OsKatanin subunits were expressed significantly in the early stage of elongation of the mesocotyls of weedy rice. The OsKatanin p60s gene was overexpressed in Japanese rice, and it was found that both the mesocotyls and the mesocotyl cells were significantly elongated. The dynamic changes of microtubules, the changes of GA content and GA synthesis genes were similar to those of weedy rice. In conclusion, the dynamic changes of microtubules play an important role in regulating the elongation of mesocotyl of weedy rice in North China, in which microtubule depolymerization mediated OsKatanin may stimulate the increase of endogenous GA content by regulating the synthesis of GA and signal transduction. Thus promoting the elongation of the mesocotyls.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S451

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