氣吸式免耕播種機振動特性及其對排種性能的影響研究
[Abstract]:In order to improve the quality of the air-suction type no-tillage seeding machine in the no-tillage land, the effect of the vibration characteristics of the air-suction type no-tillage seeder on the performance of the row is carried out. The vibration characteristics of no-tillage planter under the condition of no-tillage are analyzed and the mathematical model of no-tillage seeding machine under the condition of vibration is established, and the influencing factors are analyzed. The motion and the stress of the population in the no-tillage seeding machine are analyzed by using the discrete element analysis software. The working parameters of the seed bank are optimized, the vibration type row performance test bed is set up, and the performance test is carried out, and the optimal combination of the work and the structural parameters of the seed bank is obtained. The results of the study are as follows: 1. By analyzing the vibration characteristics of the seeding machine, the mathematical model of the vibration of the air-suction type no-tillage seeding machine is established, the influencing factors are analyzed, and the vibration natural frequency of the seeding machine is obtained, and the vertical vibration of the seeder is obtained with two-order modes. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the gas absorption and vibration of the seeds were analyzed, and the critical vacuum degree of the adsorption seed was obtained. The vibration test of no-tillage planter on the surface of the no-tillage and stubble-retaining surface is carried out, and the common and the difference of the no-tillage seeding machine in the different no-tillage ground surface vibration characteristics are obtained. By analyzing the density distribution of four no-tillage ground vibration energy of the sunflower, the corn, the wheat and the wasteland and the relationship between the vibration frequency and the amplitude of the no-tillage ground under different seeding speed, the main and secondary order of the vertical vibration of the seeding machine is the advancing speed of the seeding machine, the ridging direction, Sowing depth. (2) The frequency distribution density of the vibration energy of the seed bank in the no-tillage land is mainly concentrated in the low-frequency segment of 0-12Hz, and is directly related to the type of the root, the solid degree of the soil and the water content, and the greater the soil firmness and the water content, the greater the vibration energy of the root stubble with the greater soil firmness and water content. The primary and secondary order of vibration energy of four no-tillage land is the land of the ground and the ground in the ground of the sunflower. The vibration frequency and the amplitude of the seed bank increase with the increase of the advancing speed of the seeding machine. The size and density of the root stubble in no-tillage land are the influencing factors of the vibration frequency and the amplitude of the seed bank, and the greater the root stubble, the higher the density, and the increase of the vibration frequency and amplitude. The vibration signal is identified by the modal parameter, and the physical parameters of the vibration system are determined. The natural frequency of the two modes of corn stubble is 8. 5Hz and 38. 5Hz, and the corresponding modal damping ratio is 0.075.4. and the vibration signals of different no-tillage ground are decomposed and reconstructed. and (1) the decomposition signal shows that the vibration signal of the no-tillage stubble land and the uncultivated land is composed of a plurality of scale function groups and a sine small wave group. (2) The reconstructed signal shows the interval of no-tillage stubble, and the waveform of the uncultivated land is changed continuously. The reason is that there is no law on the surface of the no-tillage land, and the root of the grass in the wasteland has no rule. Based on the vibration frequency, the amplitude and the rotation speed of the seed plate (that is, the rotation speed of the stirring wheel), the capacity of the seed in the seed box is the variable, the seed speed, the seed-to-seed acting force and the dispersion degree are the objective function, the soybean population movement in the seed box is simulated by means of the discrete element software, and the optimized working parameters range is as follows: The speed of the seed plate shall be 14.80 ~ 180.50r/ min; the frequency shall be less than 10Hz; the amplitude shall be less than 5 mm; the volume of tolerance shall be 60% ~ 80%. so that the seed in the seed box is in a loose state which is beneficial to the seed absorption, the drag belt and the collision effect between the seeds are reduced when the seed is absorbed, and the adsorption performance of the seeds is improved. The results of the interaction between the working parameters and the seed-to-seed interaction support the correctness of the above-mentioned single-factor analysis. This conclusion was verified by the single factor test of the rate of seed absorption. taking the working and structural parameters of the seed bank (the rotation speed, the degree of vacuum, the volume of the seed, the frequency, the diameter of the seed suction hole and the distribution diameter of the seed suction holes) as the test factors, the qualified index, the replay index and the leakage index as the evaluation index, The response surface method was used to optimize the discharge performance of the seed bank, with the highest qualified index and the minimum leakage index as the response value. The best result of the response surface was that the distribution diameter of the seed suction holes was 170mm, the diameter of the seed suction holes was 3.77mm, the degree of vacuum was 3.88 ~ 3.97kPa, and the rotation speed of the discharge disk was 11.02 ~ 150.96r/ min, and the frequency was less than 7Hz. The conclusions of this study have some practical application value to the design of the air-suction type no-tillage seeding machine in the high and cold area.
【學位授予單位】:內蒙古農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:S223.2
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