【摘要】：耕地質(zhì)量的高低是保障我國糧食安全的關(guān)鍵。我國除了“人多地少”之外,耕地質(zhì)量偏低正成為耕地保護面臨的新挑戰(zhàn)。土地整治在增加耕地數(shù)量、提升耕地質(zhì)量方面取得明顯成效。開展耕地質(zhì)量等級提升的土地整治項目關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究有助于推進土地整治,促進耕地保護工作由數(shù)量管控向?qū)嵭袛?shù)量、質(zhì)量、生態(tài)全面管護轉(zhuǎn)變,實現(xiàn)“藏糧于地,藏糧于技”戰(zhàn)略。本文系統(tǒng)梳理了國內(nèi)外土地整治和耕地質(zhì)量提升方面的研究進展和相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ),對耕地質(zhì)量的內(nèi)涵進行了定義,剖析了耕地質(zhì)量的特性,認為耕地質(zhì)量由自然質(zhì)量、工程質(zhì)量和管理質(zhì)量構(gòu)成。通過對各項土地整治工程對耕地質(zhì)量影響因素的作用分析,指出了基于農(nóng)用地分等定級因素改造的可行性。在對區(qū)域耕地質(zhì)量提升障礙因素的總結(jié)基礎(chǔ)上,針對有效土層厚度、土體構(gòu)型、土壤障礙層以及表土質(zhì)地等四項土壤障礙因素分別提出了工程改良方法和施工工藝,補充完善了土地整治工程體系。在對現(xiàn)行土地整治項目設(shè)計的內(nèi)容與程序深入分析的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了在現(xiàn)行土地整治項目設(shè)計體系基礎(chǔ)上的耕地質(zhì)量等級提升設(shè)計融合路徑。在耕地質(zhì)量等級提升目標可控化設(shè)計思路下,針對農(nóng)用地分等基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的滯后性,研究了項目區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量更新調(diào)查技術(shù);為準確評價土地整治對耕地質(zhì)量的影響,研究了分等與定級結(jié)合的項目區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量等級重估技術(shù);采用農(nóng)用地分等定級因子潛力提升的預(yù)評價法,構(gòu)建了耕地質(zhì)量等級可實現(xiàn)潛力測算模型;根據(jù)因素經(jīng)整治可實現(xiàn)潛力,研究了基于潛力指數(shù)組合的工程類型區(qū)劃分技術(shù);探索了不同投入和預(yù)設(shè)等別下的耕地質(zhì)量等級提升目標擬定程序。實現(xiàn)基于農(nóng)用地分等定級成果為基礎(chǔ)的調(diào)查、評價、潛力測算、工程類型分區(qū)和目標擬定程序的一體化土地整治項目設(shè)計關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。以四川省中江縣的土地整治項目進行實證研究,通過布設(shè)38個采樣點,對有效土層厚度、剖面構(gòu)型、坡度、巖石露頭度,灌溉保證率與排水條件等5個因素更新調(diào)查;以更新調(diào)查成果對項目區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量等級進行了重估,并與原成果進行了對比分析,項目區(qū)國家自然等有12個分等單元下降了一個等別,國家利用等有2個分等單元下降了一個等別;測算了項目區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量等級可實現(xiàn)潛力,按照面積加權(quán)統(tǒng)計,項目區(qū)國家自然等平均可實現(xiàn)潛力為0.84個等,國家利用等可平均可實現(xiàn)潛力為0.62個等,耕地質(zhì)量級別平均可實現(xiàn)潛力為0.72個級別;劃分了基于1有效土層厚度增厚工程-2灌溉工程區(qū)等三類工程類型區(qū)。
[Abstract]:The quality of cultivated land is the key to ensure the food security of our country. In addition to "more people and less land", the low quality of cultivated land is becoming a new challenge to the protection of cultivated land. Land renovation in increasing the number of arable land, improve the quality of arable land has achieved obvious results. The research on the key technology of the land regulation project of improving the cultivated land quality grade will help to promote the land regulation and promote the change of the cultivated land protection work from quantity control to the implementation of quantity, quality and ecological comprehensive management and conservation, so as to achieve the goal of "storing grain in the land." The strategy of storing grain in technology. This paper systematically combs the research progress and related theoretical basis of land regulation and cultivated land quality improvement at home and abroad, defines the connotation of cultivated land quality, analyzes the characteristics of cultivated land quality, and holds that cultivated land quality depends on natural quality. Composition of engineering quality and management quality. Based on the analysis of the effects of various land regulation projects on the quality of cultivated land, the feasibility of the transformation based on the grading factors of agricultural land is pointed out. On the basis of summing up the obstacle factors of improving the quality of regional cultivated land, this paper puts forward the engineering improvement method and construction technology in view of the effective soil layer thickness, the soil structure, the soil barrier layer and the surface soil texture, respectively. The system of land renovation projects has been supplemented and improved. On the basis of deeply analyzing the content and procedure of the current land regulation project design, this paper puts forward the fusion path of the cultivated land quality grade upgrading design based on the current land regulation project design system. Based on the idea of controllable design for the improvement of cultivated land quality, aiming at the lag of the basic data of agricultural land classification, this paper studies the investigation technology of cultivated land quality renewal in the project area. In order to evaluate the effect of land regulation on cultivated land quality, the reassessment technology of grade of cultivated land quality in project area was studied. Based on the pre-evaluation method of potential enhancement of agricultural land grading factors, a model for calculating the realizable potential of cultivated land quality grade is constructed, and the engineering type area division technology based on the combination of potential index is studied according to the realizable potential through regulation. In this paper, we explored the programming procedure of cultivated land quality grade improvement under different input and presupposition. The key techniques of integrated land regulation project design are realized based on the results of agricultural land gradation, evaluation, potential calculation, project type zoning and target formulation procedure. Taking the land regulation project of Zhongjiang County in Sichuan Province as an empirical study, the effective soil layer thickness, profile configuration, slope, rock outcrop, irrigation guarantee rate and drainage condition were updated and investigated through 38 sampling points. The quality grade of cultivated land in the project area was reassessed with the updated investigation results, and compared with the original results. The national utilization class has two grade units that have dropped by one class; The realizable potential of cultivated land quality grade in the project area is calculated. According to area-weighted statistics, the national average realizable potential is 0.84, and the average realizable potential of national utilization is 0.62. The average realizable potential of cultivated land quality grade is 0.72; Based on the effective soil layer thickening engineering-2 irrigation engineering area and other three types of engineering areas are divided.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S15;F301.2

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